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## Parallel grammatical models

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Many modern information technologies work in parallel, so they make use of mutually cooperating multiprocessor computers. It thus comes as no surprise that the investigation of parallel computation fulfills a central role within computer science as a whole. In order to build up a systematized body of knowledge about computation in parallel, we need its proper formalization in the first place. The present chapter describes several types of parallel grammars, which can act as a grammatical formalization like this very well. To give an insight into parallel grammars, recall that up until now, in all grammars under consideration, a single rule was applied during every derivation step. To obtain parallel grammars, this one -rule application is generalized to the application of several rules during a single step. Parallel grammars represent the subject of this chapter. First, it studies partially parallel generation of languages, after which it investigates the totally parallel generation of language.

Chapter Contents:

• 13.1 Partially parallel grammars
• 13.1.1 Definitions and examples
• 13.1.2 Generative power
• 13.1.3 Normal forms
• 13.1.4 Reduction
• 13.1.5 Economical transformations
• 13.2 Totally parallel grammars
• 13.2.1 Context-conditional ET0L grammars
• 13.2.1.1 Definitions
• 13.2.1.2 Generative power
• 13.2.2 Forbidding ET0L grammars
• 13.2.2.1 Definitions and examples
• 13.2.2.2 Generative power and reduction
• 13.2.3 Simple semi-conditional ET0L grammars
• 13.2.3.1 Definitions
• 13.2.3.2 Generative power and reduction
• 13.2.4 Left random context ET0L grammars
• 13.2.4.1 Definitions and examples
• 13.2.4.2 Generative power and reduction
• 13.3 Multigenerative grammar systems and parallel computation
• 13.3.1 Multigenerative grammar systems
• 13.3.2 Leftmost multigenerative grammar systems

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