The chapter first gives a brief overview of how power is consumed in CPUs before exploring the various energy-saving techniques and power management considerations. A description of different power modelling approaches and applications is presented before top-down, run-time power models are described in detail, highlighting many important, but often-overlooked, considerations. Bottom-up approaches, their accuracy, and methods of improving their representativeness are then discussed and finally, hybrid approaches are proposed.

Chapter Contents:

• 13.1 CPU power consumption
• 13.2 CPU power management and energy-saving techniques
• 13.3 Approaches and applications
• 13.3.1 Power measurement
• 13.3.2 Top-down approaches
• 13.3.3 Circuit, gate, and register-transfer level approaches
• 13.3.4 Bottom-up approaches
• 13.4 Developing top-down power models
• 13.4.1 Overview of methodology
• 13.4.2 Data collection
• 13.4.2.1 Power and voltage measurements
• 13.4.2.2 PMC event collection
• 13.4.3 Multiple linear regression basics
• 13.4.4 Model stability
• 13.4.5 PMC event selection
• 13.4.6 Model formulation
• 13.4.7 Model validation
• 13.4.8 Thermal compensation
• 13.4.9 CPU voltage regulator
• 13.5 Accuracy of bottom-up power simulators
• 13.6 Hybrid techniques
• 13.7 Conclusion and future directions
• References

Inspec keywords: multiprocessing systems; power aware computing; microprocessor chips

Other keywords: power modelling; multicore systems; CPUs; hybrid approaches; energy-saving techniques; bottom-up approaches; top-down run-time power models; power management

Subjects: Multiprocessing systems; Microprocessor chips; Electrical/electronic equipment (energy utilisation); Performance evaluation and testing