Blockchain in healthcare plays a vital role in the form of encryption-based technology, which has been used to keep the patients' data in a secured and more distributed way. Blockchain technology in E-healthcare is also being used for digital payment systems that focus on cybersecurity, EHRs (electronic health records), patients data management, and so on. The framework has been designed to describe the major obstacles to the adaptation of blockchain technology in E -healthcare, such as data security, interoperability, data integrity, identity validation, and scalability. In addition, here comes the Ethereum as new technology based on blockchain technology. Ethereum is used for developing distributed applications (DApps) and replacing the Internet of third parties which store data, transactions and keep track. Using Ethereum, there is a chance to recreate the Internet without the involvement of third parties. The process of elimination of the third party could be implemented using smart contracts by creating trust, and Ethereum uses consensus proof -of -work (PoW), and Ethereum provides a peer -to -peer network to eliminate the involvement of third parties. The proposed system is a proof -of -concept implementation of a blockchain for research in clinical trials.

Chapter Contents:

• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.1.1 How blockchain is used in healthcare?
• 11.1.2 Challenges in interoperability between various sections of healthcare system
• 11.2 Literature review
• 11.2.1 Electronic health records
• 11.2.2 Drug tracking
• 11.2.3 Blockchain in future healthcare
• 11.2.4 Blockchain and cryptocurrencies
• 11.2.4.1 Ethereum
• 11.2.4.2 Smart contracts
• 11.2.4.3 Ethereum virtual machine and DApps
• 11.2.4.4 SWARM
• 11.3 Proposed method
• 11.3.1 EHR—architecture
• 11.3.2 Smart-contract system design
• 11.3.3 Smart contract implementation
• 11.3.4 Drug traceability using blockchain
• 11.3.4.1 Why blockchain?
• 11.3.4.2 What is supply chain?
• 11.3.4.3 Supply chain implementation
• 11.3.4.4 Entering data in the system
• 11.3.4.5 Roles and data access
• 11.3.5 Clinical trials using blockchain
• 11.3.5.1 What are clinical trials?
• 11.3.5.2 How blockchain is useful?
• 11.3.5.3 Methods for implementation of the clinical trials
• 11.4 Conclusion and future scope
• References

Inspec keywords: cryptography; electronic health records; contracts; open systems; peer-to-peer computing; data integrity; health care; Internet

Other keywords: identity validation; Internet; peer-to-peer network; smart contracts; consensus proof-of-work; DApps; patients data management; scalability; EHRs; PoW; distributed applications; electronic health records; encryption-based technology; interoperability; improved interop blockchain applications; clinical trials; data security; data integrity; proof-of-concept implementation; cybersecurity; e-healthcare systems

Subjects: Information networks; Medical administration; Data security; Biology and medical computing; Internet software