Ionospheric propagation
The ionosphere, which extends from ~60 km to ~1000 km, significantly affects the propagation of high-frequency (HF) to ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) signals which pass through it. The effects are varied but include refraction, retardation and scintillation. Ground-ground HF communications systems, ground-space communications systems, single frequency GPS (global positioning system), HF over-the-horizon radars, satellite altimeters and space-based radars are examples of radio systems constrained by this medium. Topics of interest include ionospheric morphology; ray tracing; MUF, multipath and other HF issues; fading and Doppler effects; and modem requirements on SNR, Doppler and multipath.
Ionospheric propagation, Page 1 of 2
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