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## Near-field range assessment

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The uncertainty concepts described in this chapter form the basis of any range assessment (RA), regardless of the type of test facility and therefore allow us to create a framework within which the quality of any antenna measurement result can be expressed. It also allows us to do meaningful range inter-comparisons that have become such an integral part of modern test programmes. Although most of the groundwork related to RAs was conducted in an effort to validate near-field testing in the early days, this work has found wider application and can today be applied to far-field and CATR test systems with equal success. It is safe to say that the antenna measurement community (for the most part) have adopted the principle that measurement results need to be reported with an associated uncertainty, to make them credible.Finally, a very welcome side effect of doing any RA is a greater understanding of the measurement process and associated weaknesses. This often leads to a clear definition of exactly what aspect needs to be addressed if uncertainty is to be reduced, making for a very efficient use of resources in the process.

Chapter Contents:

• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 A framework for measurement uncertainty
• 8.3 The effects of unwanted signals on vector measurements
• 8.4 The statistical nature of error signals
• 8.5 Probe/Illuminator related errors
• 8.5.1 Probe relative pattern
• 8.5.2 Probe polarisation purity
• 8.5.3 Probe alignment
• 8.6 Mechanical/Positioner related errors
• 8.6.1 AUT alignment
• 8.6.2 PNF probe (x, y) position error
• 8.6.3 PNF probe z position (planarity) error
• 8.6.4 CNF probe ρ position error
• 8.6.5 SNF (θ, ø, r) positioning uncertainty
• 8.6.6 SNF axis non-orthogonality
• 8.6.7 SNF axis (θ, ø,) non-intersection error
• 8.7 Absolute power level related errors
• 8.7.1 Gain standard uncertainty
• 8.7.2 Normalisation constant
• 8.7.3 Impedance mismatch
• 8.8 Processing related errors
• 8.8.1 Aliasing
• 8.8.2 Measurement area truncation
• 8.9 RF sub-system related errors
• 8.9.1 Receiver amplitude linearity
• 8.9.2 Systematic phase
• 8.9.3 Leakage
• 8.9.4 Receiver dynamic range
• 8.10 Environmental errors
• 8.10.1 Probe structure reflection
• 8.10.2 Chamber reflection
• 8.10.3 Random errors
• 8.11 Combining uncertainties
• 8.12 Inter-range comparisons
• 8.13 Summary
• References

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Near-field range assessment, Page 1 of 2

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