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## Asynchronous circuits for interfacing with analog electronics

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Very few integrated circuits, whether they are microprocessors or ASICs, are designed with purely digital or analog components. Mixed-signal circuits and systems straddle this divide, and this chapter examines how analog components may be interfaced with asynchronous logic. This chapter presents two example systems, which cover three methods of closing the feedback loop to maintain asynchronous operation. In the first example, an asynchronous serializer/deserializer (SerDes), the analog components have known end-states and are physically included in the loop of the asynchronous logic stage. Since the completion detection occurs directly, this system maintains its quasidelay-insensitive (DI) operation. For the second example, a successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC), the circuit cannot be fully included in the loop, and two options for maintaining asynchronous operation are described. Due to the nature of the authors' interests and respective circuit applications, the example circuits also work in spatially distributed implementations. In these cases, different parts of the circuit may have significantly different operating environments, and may even be designed in different IC fabrication processes. Some readers of this chapter will be analog or mixed-signal designers who are curious about how delay insensitive logic can be used in their work. For that audience, a brief overview of the ring oscillator metaphor is presented here and will clarify the behaviors described later in the examples.

Chapter Contents:

• 5.1 The ring oscillator metaphor
• 5.2 Example applications
• 5.2.1 An asynchronous serializer/deserializer utilizing a full-duplex RS-485 link
• 5.2.2 Fully asynchronous successive approximation analog to digital converters
• 5.2.2.1 Basic operation of the successive approximation analog-to-digital converter
• 5.2.2.2 Asynchronous input voltage sampling
• 5.2.2.3 Asynchronous voltage comparisons
• 5.3 Conclusion
• References

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