This chapter describes an inductor modeling strategy based on machine-learning techniques. The model developed is based on Kriging functions and uses a novel modeling technique based on a two-step strategy, which is able to obtain an extremely accurate model with less than 1% error when compared to electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Due to its extreme accuracy and efficiency, the model can be used in inductor synthesis processes using single- or multi-objective optimization algorithms in order to obtain a single design or a Pareto-optimal front. Also, the model can describe the inductor behavior in frequency and therefore can also be used in circuit design using modern electrical simulators. This chapter discusses both applications (inductor synthesis and circuit design), performing several singleand multi-objective inductor optimizations, using different inductor topologies and operating frequencies. Furthermore, the model is also used in order to accurately model inductors during the design of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and a low-noise amplifier (LNA).

Chapter Contents:

• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Integrated inductor design insight
• 7.3 Surrogate modeling
• 7.3.1 Modeling strategy
• 7.4 Modeling application to RF design
• 7.4.1 Inductor optimization
• 7.4.2 Circuit design
• 7.4.2.1 Voltage-controlled oscillator
• 7.4.2.2 Low-noise amplifier
• 7.5 Conclusions
• Acknowledgment
• References

Inspec keywords: learning (artificial intelligence); electronic engineering computing; low noise amplifiers; integrated circuit modelling; optimisation; inductors; radiofrequency integrated circuits; Pareto optimisation; integrated circuit design; voltage-controlled oscillators; statistical analysis

Other keywords: VCO; multiobjective optimization; multiobjective inductor optimizations; Pareto-optimal front; machine-learning; inductor synthesis process; electrical simulators; circuit design; inductor topology; integrated inductors; low-noise amplifier; RF applications; LNA; Kriging functions; voltage-controlled oscillator; single-objective optimization

Subjects: Optimisation techniques; Electronic engineering computing; Optimisation techniques; Knowledge engineering techniques; Oscillators; Microwave integrated circuits; Inductors and transformers; Amplifiers