Inspec keywords: edge detection; neural nets; optimisation; vein recognition; support vector machines; feature extraction; image classification; image fusion

Other keywords: FFF optimisation; feature extraction; biometric characteristics; k-neural network classifier; repeated line tracking method; finger vein image; fractional firefly optimisation; layered SVM classifier; k-support vector machine classifier; multimodal biometric recognition; false rejection ratio; layered k-SVM; feature-level fusion; finger knuckle image; false acceptance ratio; optimal weight score

Subjects: Image recognition; Knowledge engineering techniques; Optimisation techniques; Optimisation techniques; Neural computing techniques; Computer vision and image processing techniques