Inspec keywords: solar cells; power grids; particle swarm optimisation; photovoltaic power systems; snow; equivalent circuits; SCADA systems

Other keywords: snow properties; photovoltaic module characteristics; snowy conditions; PV module technologies; instantaneous electrical characteristics; PV performance; single-diode-five-parameter equivalent circuit model; snow accretion; transmitted solar radiation; North America's PV farms; photovoltaic modelling; snow conditions; different cold weather conditions; modelling approach; particle swarm optimisation-based model; particle swarm optimisation algorithm; 12-MW grid-connected PV farm; snow-covered PV modules; thickness

Subjects: Solar power stations and photovoltaic power systems; Instrumentation and techniques for geophysical, hydrospheric and lower atmosphere research; Land surface snow; Optimisation techniques; Photoelectric conversion; solar cells and arrays; Solar cells and arrays