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Please follow the links to view the publication.Intelligent integration based on optical telecommunications to optimize distributed generation
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0751
In recent years, COLOMBIA (like other countries) has gradually increased its energy demand while incorporating new sources of distributed generation, especially sources regarding small hydropower plants (SHP). SHPs in Colombia have a capacity of up to 25000 MW. However, including the 200 PCHs installed recently, the country only takes advantage of only 1% of this power. Because Colombia is vulnerable to climate changes, especially changes in river flows associated with distributed generation, the great challenge to exploit SHP-based generation potentiality is to provide stable integration of SHPs with the existing electrical systems of distribution. In order to optimize power dispatch as a function of the weather conditions and power system contingencies, it is necessary to monitor and exchange critical information between the distribution network operators and the distributed generators. This exchange requires high reliability and fast response times in the communication networks between the distributed power generators and the companies (operators) running distribution systems. The solution presented in this article, based on recent developments in Colombia, suggests that communication networks based on optical infrastructure are an effective long-term solution that proves suitable for the current challenges of such intelligent networks, such as the integration of distributed generation. These networks facilitate the operation of the whole electrical system, providing highly reliable communications and enhanced capacity as well as low latency and a good level of OPEX. The solution presented shows the advantages of using optical communication networks for the integration of distributed generation and power operation systems in both the medium and long term. Additionally, guidelines on the implementation of such integration are provided. (4 pages)Study of distribution network cable faults location based on wavelet transform and autocorrelation analysis
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0696
With the increasing application of the power cables to the power supply in developed city, it is necessary to constantly improve the accuracy ranging of power cable fault location. It is presented that the relevant technology of the wavelet transformation and autocorrelation analytical method using in distribution network cable faults location. It was applied to filtering signal and detect singularity, that the autocorrelation analysis as the constraint condition of wavelet transform. In the end, the automatic and accurate ranging of cable fault location was carried out. The results of simulation show that this method can obtain high precision of fault location.An adaptive, agent-based protection scheme for radial distribution networks based on IEC 61850 and IEC 61499
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0764
This paper shows a possible implementation for an auto configurable protection scheme based on the well-known logic selectivity concept, using an agent-based architecture with standard communication protocol (IEC 61850) and programming language (IEC 61499). An easy-to-use technique to integrate the two standards is shown, enabling the exploitation of encapsulation capabilities provided by IEC 61499 to provide easy to maintain and reusable code, along with interoperability with 61850-enabled IEDs. The proposed scheme can also implement automatic reconfiguration of protections following network topology changes. (4 pages)Field test environment for LVDC distribution - implementation experiences
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0868
Low-Voltage Direct Current (LVDC) distribution network is a novel approach to the LV distribution. This paper presents the practical experiences from the implementation of a field environment research platform for ±750 V LVDC electricity distribution system in actual distribution network environment. The paper illustrates the main design of the field test environment as well as the challenges encountered during the construction and commission of the platform. The main objectives in the work have been to realise a real environment test bed for the development of the LVDC technology for public electricity distribution (utility networks), to determine the major gaps in the national standardisation and in the availability of components, and to gain knowledge of the different phases of the implementation process itself. (4 pages)Effective design of the reward-penalty schemes to reach the highest persuasiveness in selecting investment strategies by electric distribution utilities
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0844
This paper aims to propose a new approach in designing Reward-Penalty Schemes (RPS), which so far have been used as the preferred tool in Service Quality Regulation (SQR). For the purpose of explaining the method, various types of RPS are divided into three categories. The concepts of these RPS categories, used in this paper, are inspired by intrinsic behavior of organisms as will be described in detail. (4 pages)Benefits of using telecommunication based protection with DG
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0822
As the number of distributed generation (DG) units connected to medium voltage (MV) networks increases the structure of networks is changing and getting more complex. As a result the requirements for protection are getting more and more complicated and are playing an increasingly important role. Protection of DG units with traditional protection schemes causes performance degradation and in some cases sufficient protection levels may become unattainable. In this paper the issues with traditional protection are addressed. The benefits of using of using telecommunication based protection schemes with DG are presented from which the most important advantages are improved selectivity and decreased fault clearing times. (4 pages)Regulatory and financial hurdles for the installation of energy storage in UK distribution networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0811
This paper examines the feasibility of energy storage in in a low voltage distribution network to facilitate increased Distributed Generation (DG), and electricity demand. Modelling is used to quantify technical and financial benefits of storage over a 10 year period. Technical benefits are achieved through loss reduction, prevention of voltage rise and peak shaving. However, for energy storage to be financially feasible, all multi-stakeholder benefits need to be included in any investment strategy and regulation needs to be updated to foster energy storage adoption. (4 pages)Exploring the uncertainties of probabilistic LV network analysis
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0760
Increased interest in the analysis of low voltage (LV) power distribution networks using probabilistic and long period time-series techniques has arisen due to the anticipated growth of low-carbon technology and the advent of the Smart Grid. Recent approaches are reviewed and the uncertainty introduced by the underlying assumptions explored. A specific case study analysis of electric vehicle (EV) penetration on a generic UK distribution network is used to investigate the effect of key assumptions on the results of a probabilistic analysis. (4 pages)Integration of distributed generation into mv distribution grid in Norway - the Namsskogan case
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0774
Integration of DG into MV distribution grids in Norway means integration of small hydro power units. Most of the DG potential in Norway is located in rural areas with weak MV grids and low consumption. This paper describes the situation in Norway regarding integration of DG into the MV grid. The paper also describes the challenges DSOs face regarding integration of DG and a particular case from Namsskogan is used as an example. (4 pages)A method for the quantitative assesment of reliability of smart grids
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0757
This paper describes a method for the quantitative assessment of reliability of Smart Grids that evaluates the combined behaviour of the distribution grid, the telecom infrastructure and the control functions. It is based on a method that has already been used successfully for large and complex telecommunication networks. We expanded this method to allow the inclusion of distribution grid components and energy flow calculations. This method aims to be a valuable tool during the design and planning phases of Smart Grids: i.e. for comparing the expected reliability of design alternatives and for identifying risk areas, weaknesses and their impact on the reliability. (4 pages)An experience-oriented approach to risk of postponement in investment planning for a distribution network operator
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0711
This paper presents an objective, flexible and expandable model of dealing with the risk of postponement (rop) of projects in the investment plan. The 3 factor (3F-) method is used to assess the general (risk group specific and experience based) and individual (project specific) postponement risk of every project. The result is a rop priority index for the investment plan as a quantified guide for project urgency. (4 pages)Impact of emerging distributed generation facilities on distribution network
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0880
European and national authorities are focusing on renewable energy sources for some time now. Incentives for investments in this domain targeted both development of new sites and bonuses for green energy production so many projects for small energy production plants are now either working or will be commissioned in near future. In contrast, refurbishing of existing distribution network is somehow left behind, causing many setbacks. One reason is that renewable resources are often available in less developed areas on the far end of radial distribution networks. Sustaining current rate of development will become very difficult under current legislative frame without regulation adjustment. First part of our paper present the current situation in one subsidiary of Electrica S.A. , the Romanian distribution company, taking into account both existing facilities and new projects developed in our area. Then, some of available technical solutions are described Third part of this paper covers the influence of new small distributed generators on power quality. PQ monitoring equipments were deployed for each new power plant. Conclusions and future development directions make up the final part of our paper. (4 pages)Volt/Var control in a microgrid with consideration of uncertainty of generation in both grid-connected and islanded modes of operation
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0799
In this paper, a strategy based on Genetic algorithm for optimal allocation of reactive power resources in distribution system with microgrid is presented. In the proposed approach uncertainty in power generation of renewable based DG is considered. The main objective is to allocate fixed and switched capacitors as reactive power resources for voltage control within the desired limits on a distribution system with microgrid in both grid connected and islanded modes of operation in single stage. Case study was carried out in a local distribution system with DGs to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. (4 pages)Coordinated voltage control in distribution systems under the smartgrid concept
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0858
The deployment of the smart grid concept requires more automation and control in electrical distribution systems in order to be able to accommodate Distributed Energy Resources (DER), particularly those based on Renewable Energy Sources (RES). This paper presents a hierarchical control architecture designed for electrical distribution system comprising two main control layers. This structure enables the implementation of advanced functionalities such as coordinated voltage control between the MV and LV levels, exploiting Distributed Generation (DG) capabilities together with traditional voltage control techniques. The performance of the proposed voltage control algorithm is illustrated based on simulation results using real distribution networks. (4 pages)Reactive power compensation of self-induced voltage variations
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0886
The significant increase in renewable energy resources in distribution networks has introduced novel technical challenges to distribution system design and operation. The integration of intermittent DGs, like solar and wind, into the distribution network poses a challenge to the traditional voltage regulation strategies due to the alteration of power flow patterns, and the variability of the DG output. It is now commonly accepted that a high level of renewables penetration into the distribution networks would ultimately require the participation of DGs in voltage regulation. To date, no ideal approach exists for how the DGs can best contribute to the voltage regulation. This paper presents a new reactive power regulation method for the compensation of self-induced voltage variations. The proposed approach achieves sufficiently accurate voltage compensation with very little to no communication requirements. A further significant advantage is that this approach does not violate the restrictions imposed by standards. (4 pages)Embedded generation planning in presence of renewable resources using a probabilistic multi-objective optimization approach
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0835
So far, Distributed Generations (DGs) have been vast put in practice due to their evident roles in both technical and economical performance of power distribution systems. This paper investigates the presence of renewable energies once DG integration to the network has to be planned. A multiobjective optimization approach has been presented where the risk costs, the share of private investments, and imposed costs are considered as the main objectives. Performance-based regulation is also incorporated as an incentive mechanism in the DG planning process in presence of renewable energy sources (RES). The proposed scheme is adapted to the 37-Bus IEEE standard test system and the anticipated efficiency of the proposed method is well verified by then. (4 pages)Evaluation of reactive power control concepts for PV inverters in low-voltage grids
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0892
The proportion of renewable energies in power generation has increased significantly in recent years according to the political aims. In low-voltage grids, these are mostly distributed intermittent generation systems such as photovoltaic systems that are connected through inverters to the grid. Thus, the distribution networks have to meet hitherto unfamiliar technical challenges. A temporary reversal of the power flow can cause overvoltage problems. Traditional voltage regulation strategies cannot solve this problem. Consequently, regenerative sources need to be turned off temporarily or on the long term the grid infrastructure has to be extended by the network operator. Therefore, the distributed generation has to take part in the voltage regulation. With the help of reactive power, which is generated by the solar inverters, power capability and voltage quality of the networks can be increased. Thus, grid extension can be delayed or even avoided in many times. This paper presents a new approach to the evaluation of reactive power control strategies. Different reactive power control concepts are simulated and evaluated concerning their efficiency, effectiveness and stability. (4 pages)A novel phase to phase fault location algorithm for distribution network with distributed generation
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0839
This paper presents the design and simulation of a method for phase to phase fault location for distribution network with distributed generation (DG). In the last years, fault location on power distribution networks is receiving especial attention due to the importance of a fast actuation to clear the fault causes and the resulting reduce outage time and significantly improve system reliability. This paper presents the design and simulation of a method for phase to phase fault location for distribution network with distributed generation (DG). In this method, the distribution network is divided into two parts and then with voltage and current measurements at the substations of main system supply and DG supply fault location is found. Moreover, a new method is proposed for sections between main substation and DG in order to reduce residual error. Results show that the method can efficiently improve the process of fault location and is well suited for identifying phase to phase fault location in different fault resistances. Also this method has greatly simplified the derivation of complicated fault location equation especially in sections before DG and therefore can superiorly enhance the fault location process. (4 pages)Cost-benefit analysis of integration DER into distribution network
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0750
The large integration of DER into distribution system has significantly changed the approach to planning, design and operation of distribution networks. Based on the cost and benefits of three sides (distribution network owner, EDR provider, and electricity user), this paper proposes a elemental calculation approach to analysis the costs and benefits when DER is token as an alternative on network investment to meet special needs for special customer. A test example is used to verify the efficiency and effectiveness of the approach. (4 pages)Integration of demand side management, distributed generation, renewable energy sources and energy storages
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0784
The increasing number of renewable energy sources and distributed generators requires new strategies for the operation and management of the electricity grid in order to maintain or even to improve the power supply reliability and quality. In addition, liberalization of the grids leads to new management structures, in which trading of energy and power is becoming increasingly important. The interconnection of DG inevitably changes the characteristics of the system to which it is being connected, due to the fact that distribution systems were traditionally designed with the assumption of a passive network. The consequence of the integration of DG is that this assumption is no longer valid. There are a number of technical challenges that needs to be addressed. The main objective of this Task is to study how to achieve a better integration of flexible demand (Demand Response, Demand Side Management) with Distributed Generation, energy storages and Smart Grids. (4 pages)A pseudo-real time distribution network simulator for analysis of coordinated ANM control strategies
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0849
This paper describes a pseudo-real time distribution network simulator developed to investigate the use of real time distribution system control presets to better integrate high levels of distributed energy resources into active distribution networks. A combination of historical and modelled generation profiles, along with varying demand patterns, are used to demonstrate the real time application and improved system response from active network management control strategies. (4 pages)Active voltage control - from theory to practice
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0809
Active voltage control has been studied extensively in the past decade but only few real implementations have been realized although active voltage control can in many cases decrease the total costs of a distribution network and enhance the voltage quality. This paper discusses the barriers for active voltage control and also suggests measures to overcome these barriers. Also the development process of an active voltage control method is described. (4 pages)Impact of ICT on the reliability of active distribution networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0894
The expected benefits of an Active Distribution Network (ADN), like the improved reliability, the increased asset utilization, and the enhanced access for Distributed Energy resources, will be reached through the adoption of flexible network topologies, innovative protection schemes, and above all a pervasive usage of communication systems. In this paper, in order to better estimate the influence of the ICT on the ADN reliability, the availability of the communication signal has been made dependent on the atmospheric conditions and implemented in a Pseudo Sequential Monte-Carlo (PSMC) simulation tool. (4 pages)Possibilities of integrating renewable generation to the distribution grid by fault current limiters
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0768
Over the last decade an evolution towards higher power requirements on distribution networks has to be stated. Due to additional connection of decentralized power generation in terms of renewables, the referred short circuit current (ISC) values for some network segments were steadily increasing. The actual network structure is based on a unidirectional power flow, assuming a centralized power generation. The electricity is transmitted via point-to-point or simple ring structures at the high voltage transmission grid and radial or point-to-point structures in the Medium Voltage Distribution Grid. Medium and low voltage distribution grids are not intended to handle a bi-directional power flow, created by the integration of renewable electricity generation. Tu guarantee a stable operation of the grid, the grid voltage must kept stable the balance between power supply and consumption has to been managed. In consequence the increased short circuit level might push installed equipment to its physical limits. Therefore new technologies like fault current limiters might be one of the solutions. (4 pages)Monitoring and control of active distribution grid
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0765
Enel Distribuzione and Siemens are developing a new system called “MAGO” (Monitoring and control of Active distribution Grid Operation) to collect and process data regarding distributed generation. The scope of the project is forecasting the distributed generation (DG) on MV networks, aggregating data according to the different sources (solar, wind, hydro, thermal and others). Forecasted production data and real-time measurements will be provided to the operators of Distribution and transmission (TSO) control centres to help them in “Active” network operation. (4 pages)Impact of wind speed correlation on planning and operation of distribution network
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0795
This paper establishes the model of wind speed correlation (WSC) by inverse Nataf transformation. The impacts of WSC on distribution network operation and maximum installed capacity of wind power are investigated by Monte Carlo simulation and chance constrained programming method. A new definition of wind power penetration is proposed. Finally, conclusions are duly drawn. (4 pages)State estimation in electric distribution networks in presence of distributed generation using the PMUs
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0754
Regarding the high cost of PMU units, optimal placement and minimizing of their numbers are of great importance. Also, this paper proposes a new procedure for determining the optimal placement and less numbers of PMUs in distribution network based on the best state estimation criterion. For DSE solution, combination of Nelder-Mead (NM) simplex search and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm have been used. The hybrid method can estimate voltage phasor at each node by minimizing difference between measured and calculated values of state variables and also, it can guarantee observability of distribution system under normal operation conditions. To demonstrate the effectiveness of new procedure, simulation studies are applied on 30-bus radial test feeder. Finally, achievement results for convergence characteristic of DSE solution and estimation error of state variables with regard to the optimal placement and numbers of PMUs in distribution test feeder have been presented. (4 pages)Can the development of advanced metering infrastructures contribute to the integration of decentralized generation in distribution network operation?
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0856
Integrating securely decentralized sources on the grid while keeping it safe, reliable and stable is a real challenge for grid operators. That is why advanced metering infrastructures are the solution for integrating decentralized generation securely. Indeed, AMI enables us to know exactly the quantity of energy transiting at all points and at all times on the grid, and to have a reactive management of the grid when faced with integrating widespread and highly unpredictable energy sources. (3 pages)Optimal reliable distribution network expansion planning using improved PSO algorithm
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0748
Multistage distribution network expansion because of load growth is a complex problem in distribution planning. The problem consists of minimizing total cost of objective function subject to technical constraints. Additionally, the reliability requirements of customers should be optimally satisfied. In this paper, HV/MV substations, main and reserve MV feeders, DG sources and storage units are considered as possible solutions for multistage distribution expansion planning. Some strategies are proposed for DG and storage units operation to optimize the distribution planning. A modified PSO algorithm is applied to solve the optimization problem. Numerical results of the case studies show ability of the methodology. (4 pages)Load loss evaluation for distribution transformers in networks with large amounts of photovoltaic generation. A case study using AMR data
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0840
The impact of photovoltaic (PV) generation to the evaluation of load losses have been analysed in this paper using data from AMR meters. PV generation has been simulated using sun radiation data together with AMR data for 14 low voltage networks. These networks have different characteristics when it comes to number of customers, types of customers and type of heating. The results show that PV generation in networks with district heating and industries gives the biggest reductions in loss utilisation time, up to 20%. Smaller reductions have been obtained in other networks mainly in the range 4-12%. These differences are however in the same range as the difference between using classical approach to determine the loss utilisation time and AMR approach. The low impact to loss utilisation time doesn't motivate a specific loss evaluation for networks with large amount of PV generation. (4 pages)A method for definition of the active power limits of distributed generation through an optimal strategy
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0887
Distributed generation is already a reality in almost all countries in the world. Wind farms, cogeneration systems and SHP (small hydropower) are already common elements that can be connected to medium voltage systems (up to 15kV). Additionally, with the development of technology and reduced costs, it is expected that the number of generations connected to the network increases, whether coming from solar collectors, biomass, SHP, wind, or any other kind which will become popular. Based on this premise, a new problem arises, what is the best place for each connection to the network. This work aims to develop a method that will determine the best connection point for each generation to the distribution network in order to achieve a reduction in active power flows in its sections, so that, the global network loading becomes minimal. (4 pages)Optimal planning of distribution system considering distributed generators
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0792
This paper presents a methodology for substation optimal planning considering DG for peak shaving. Utility can take effective demand-side management (DSM) to encourage customer-owned DG to participate in peak load shaving, and it can also construct utility DG to meet the peak load demand. In this paper, the impact of DG on peak load shaving is analyzed, and DG is taken as a complement to T&D system to meet load demand, which is considered in the substation planning. Substations sizing and location and new-built utility DG capacity is optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), in which supply area of each substation is obtained by Voronoi diagram method. Case study shows that planning result considering DG for peak shaving can defer T&D system expansion so that considerable investment can be saved. Especially for those areas with high cost of T&D system construction, constructing DG to meet peak load demand would be a more economic way. (4 pages)Control strategies for smart low voltage grids - the Project DG DemoNet - Smart LV Grid
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0824
Upcoming challenges for LV grids include a high penetration of distributed energy resources and electric vehicles. The project “DG DemoNet - Smart LV Grid” aims to enable an efficient and cost effective use of existing grid infrastructures based on a three-step concept: intelligent planning, on-line monitoring and active LV grid management. Communication-based systems for automatic control concepts for low voltage grids are developed and demonstrated in pilot installations. This paper describes the results of the first phase within research project. The consortium out of distribution system operators, research institutions and industry partners have defined a set of control strategies for active low voltage grids. (4 pages)Planning and optimisation of active distribution systems - an overview of CIGRE Working Group C6.19 activities
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0767
This paper presents an overview of the activities of CIGRE C6.19 Working Group (WG), focusing on the planning and optimization of active distribution systems. This builds on the recommendations of CIGRE WG C6.11 that focused on the development and operation of active distribution networks (ADNs). The C6.19 WG aims at addressing the following issues: (i) Survey on the state of the art on planning for active distribution systems; (ii) Requirements of planning methodologies; (iii) Identification of short, medium and long term models for active distribution system planning; (iv) reliability models of active distribution systems; and (v) algorithms for active distribution system expansion and upgrade planning, including demand-side integration and storage. (4 pages)Flexible plug and play low carbon networks enabling the integration of renewable energy
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0746
UK Power Networks has been awarded funding under Ofgem's Low Carbon Networks Fund scheme, to develop the local distribution network using smart grid technologies. The `Flexible Plug and Play Low Carbon Networks' (FPP) project aims to facilitate faster and cheaper connection of renewable generation onto the distribution network, by using innovative technical and commercial solutions. The FPP project is a £10 million project, which has started in January 2012 and will be concluded in December 2014. (4 pages)On-load voltage regulation in the low voltage grid
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0745
In the electrical distribution grids the complexity of power flow increases due to increasing penetration with small and distributed power generation plants. In the future distribution system operators (DSOs) are requested to build up an efficient and up to date grid infrastructure by integrating the end consumers with their fluctuating power generation, their load and their storage capabilities in the system. In most European countries government subventions and the obligation to connect small solar and bio mass power generation lead to necessary extensions and strengthening of the LV grids. Depending on the generation and load scenarios in the LV and MV grids, a fluctuation of the power flow is expected, which can even result in back-feeding power into the MV and HV grid. This causes large voltage fluctuation in the grid. One possibility to remain compliant with the reduced voltage range of +/-10% according EN 50160 in grids with a high share of distributed generation is the use of a regulated distribution transformer. Especially in the case of homogeneous grids this measure is promising. Thereby the challenge is the development of an on-load voltage regulation for distribution transformers by keeping the accustomed performance and dimensions to ensure the changeability und comprehensive operation wherever it's needed. Siemens AG has developed a regulated distribution transformer with an on-load voltage regulation on the low voltage side which fulfills all these requirements. Together with the German DSO E.ON Mitte AG a functional model was installed and field tested in an existing grid. (4 pages)Implementation of demand side management as a solution for distribution network operation and management
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0781
This paper outlines an investigation of demand side management resources and potential impact on distribution networks to be undertaken by ESB Networks, the Irish distribution system owner and operator. The objectives and drivers of such a trial are introduced along with field trial implementation pre-analysis and potential network impact. (4 pages)Large penetration of distributed productions: dynamic line rating and flexible generation, a must regarding investment strategy and network reliability
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0847
Dynamic Line Rating (DLR), a.k.a determining the maximum rating of overhead lines based on real-time weather parameters has the potential to significantly increase the power transport & distribution capacity of the grid in favorable weather conditions. Combining active network management (curtailable generation) with DLR as trigger offers a solution out-there for the system operator that combines technical feasibility, adequate implementation timing and economic viability. Flexible generation being already in use on the ELIA network, the potential benefits of using it in conjunction with DLR will be analyzed. (4 pages)Losses assessment on distribution networks in presence of dispersed generation
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0881
The present paper faces with the issues related to the energy losses occurring in distribution grids with large amounts of dispersed generation. In detail, the study aims to evaluate the performances achieved by assessing losses through approximated (deterministic) approaches. The losses estimations are compared to the results given by more complex (stochastic) techniques. With this purpose, a Monte Carlo algorithm, able to properly represent the randomness of dispersed generation spreading in distribution systems and its impact on network losses, has been developed. (4 pages)Impact of the SmartGrids concept on future distribution system investments in Slovenia
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0831
The paper focuses on evaluating the value of savings of the SmartGrids implementation in Slovenian distribution system network. Additional investments in the distribution system in order to connect distributed generation (DG) sources are needed for the achievement of Slovenia's environmental commitments. SmartGrids concept gives us an option to lower investment costs in the long term. However, additional investments in R&D and new equipment will be needed in the middle term of 10 years. This paper is the result of research in the Slovenian SmartGrids Roadmap (distribution network). (4 pages)Voltage control in low voltage systems with controlled low voltage transformer (CLVT)
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0821
The rapidly growing penetration of Germany's distribution grids with all forms of DG causes a high pressure on voltage stability according to several normative guidelines. Beside conventional network reinforcements increasing short-circuit-power, new technical alternatives awake interest. One approach is the CLVT, an innovative downsizing of substations voltage regulation. This paper investigates the potential for voltage control of this new technology as well as the possibility to increase the DG connection capacity of LV networks with respect to step voltage, number of operating positions and which measurements are used as reference value for the controller. The benefits and disadvantages of an mono- and multi-sensor operation mode will be discussed. Furthermore possible interactions between several CLVTs connected to one single grid are analysed. (4 pages)Facts for distribution grid integration of large scale wind generation
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0720
Integrating renewables into grids can expose the system to issues that need addressing lest the functionality of the grid be impaired. Such issues can involve voltage fluctuations, frequency deviations, and deterioration of power quality. To comply with Grid Code requirements, wind farms often require dynamic reactive power compensation. By utilization of FACTS devices such as SVC and STATCOM, grid functionality can be maintained and even improved, enabling increased power transmission capacity over existing lines. The paper treats typical challenges in sub-transmission and distribution grids with considerable wind penetration. A recent case of real life experience is highlighted, where several 69 kV directly connected SVCs were installed for grid stabilization in conjunction with a high degree of wind penetration. Some salient design features of SVC and STATCOM are presented, as well. (4 pages)Optimal short term operational planning for distribution networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0718
Short term operational electricity distribution network planning (to be distinguished from long-term planning) involves activities aimed at anticipating network constraints and improving network performance within the existing level of basic infrastructure. This concept is commonly used by Transmission Network Operators in order to anticipate and optimize their network operating point at a national and regional level. Based on the development of local load and generation forecasts tools, for which accurate meteorological forecast is required, short-term operational planning decisions in distribution networks will be made in the near future of operational time (Week-1, Day-1). In addition, real-time network automation functions are used in order to solve the few problems which could not be anticipated. This paper introduces EDF R&D and ERDF's vision of the French Distribution System Evolution and presents the DSO induced needs. The voltage control function is used as an example in order to describe the different time sequences. (4 pages)Optimal deployment of combined heat and power in residential dwellings in Iran
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0834
The Iranian government encourage the implementation of Distributed Generations (DGs) especially high-efficiency combined heat and power (CHP) systems. CHP could be a sustainable provider of a significant proportion of energy needs for domestic properties. In this paper the use of CHP for a large building complex to provide electric power and the necessary heat for residential dwellings in Iran is investigated. Different factors such as investment cost, maintenance and operation costs of CHP, demand, and the numbers of hours that CHP can provide energy in a year are taken into account. On the other hand the cost of procurement, operation and maintenance of the heating and water heating devices are also considered. Two different scenarios have been considered and investigated for investors. In the first one the output and heat power is used for the building and in the second one the electric output power is sold to the distribution system and the required electric power is bought from the network. These two scenarios are implemented and results along with discussion in detail are provided. (4 pages)ATLANTIDE - Digital archive of the Italian electric distribution reference networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0783
ATLANTIDE is a three years research project, funded by the Italian Research Fund for the Power System development. Its aims are: i) developing a digital archive containing reference models of passive and active distribution networks; ii) simulating predictive scenarios for the development of the Italian distribution system according to the load profile evolution and to the challenges caused by the envisaged widespread diffusion and integration of distributed generation, renewable generation, and distribution storage devices. In this paper, general architecture, main objectives and expected results of the ATLANTIDE project are described. (4 pages)Impact of DER integration on the cyber security of SCADA systems - the medium voltage regulation case study
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0808
The operation of active distribution grids with high penetration of Distributed Energy Resources, connected to Medium Voltage bars and feeders, requires the implementation of new Medium Voltage regulation functions. Assuming that this control function is best positioned in the primary substations of the control hierarchy, the paper presents the architectural changes occurring at both the centre and the substation control levels. Possible cyber risk scenarios and mitigation countermeasures of the new SCADA architecture are discussed, in compliance with the IEC communication standards and the IEC/NIST cyber security technical recommendations related to the smart grid sector. (4 pages)Wind farm connection impacts on power distribution systems: a case study
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0859
The number of connection of Distributed Generators has increased over the last years, which demands the evaluation of the technical impacts in power distribution systems. Impact evaluation studies are needed in order to operate the system safely and deliver power with quality for the customers. This work presents an analysis of the connection of a wind farm at the subtransmission system of the State Company of Electrical Energy Distribution of Rio Grande do Sul (CEEE-D), south Brazil. (4 pages)Investigating applications of energy storages for the integration of renewables in the distribution grid - view from a distribution grid operator
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0845
The electric utility of the city of Zurich, ewz, expects the grid load to receive additional intermittent components due to distributed generation and electric vehicles. Although the distribution grid generally has reserve capacity to cope with altered and additional loading, local temporary congestions are probable - especially during peak production and peak demand. Instead of the conventional method, grid reinforcements, battery energy storage systems (BESS) have the potential to mitigate the congestion by shifting the peak loads. Therefore, the investigations in this paper comprise the utilization of BESS as grid components. Three applications of BESS in the distribution grid and their economic aspects are presented in this paper. A pilot project is planned to demonstrate the feasibility of the applications and to gain experience with BESS. (4 pages)Optimisation of HV/MV-transformer-voltage-control in distribution networks with a high proportion of distributed generation
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0734
The power supply from many small decentralised power generation plants (DPG) is increasingly influencing the voltage quality in the distribution networks. The further expansion of the decentralized energy plants is expected to lead to a worsening of the situation. The need to further expand the German distribution network, a need forecast by the BDEW (the German Energy and Water Authority) has given rise to the necessity to look for fast, cheaper and innovative solutions to reduce the negative effects on the power supply of the power generation plants on the MV and LV network levels. Within the framework of a pilot project carried out by the LEW Verteilnetz GmbH, it was examined whether the maintenance of the voltage level in the MV network could be improved with the help of an optimised voltage regulator of the HV/MV transformer, at the same time remaining in the stipulated limits. The LEW Verteilnetz GmbH (LVN) is a regional network operator in Bavaria and a subsidiary of Lechwerke AG based in Augsburg. The network area of Lechwerke includes Bavarian-Swabia as well as parts of Upper Bavaria. (4 pages)Distribution network upgrading base on expected utility by using insurance model
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0798
It is customer who defines quality and organizations have to consider quality in customer viewpoint. Nowadays, the concept of quality no longer equals to standards compatibility but it is defined as equal to the need of customer. In power industry, it is important to provide customer with reliability and quality, the same has been provided a lot in power supply industry tradition and several procedures have been performed to improvement the reliability. Such improvements dictated a lot of costs for customer. Now it seems that it is essential more than ever before that customer must receive right to choose the reliability rate by himself or herself. This paper plans to represents a model of reliability consistent with desired reliability in views of the distribution company as well as the customer. Different levels of reliability are suggested to provide the customer demanded desired. According to the insurance model, the customer will receive compensation if the guaranteed service is not available. (4 pages)