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Please follow the links to view the publication.Intelligent integration based on optical telecommunications to optimize distributed generation
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0751
In recent years, COLOMBIA (like other countries) has gradually increased its energy demand while incorporating new sources of distributed generation, especially sources regarding small hydropower plants (SHP). SHPs in Colombia have a capacity of up to 25000 MW. However, including the 200 PCHs installed recently, the country only takes advantage of only 1% of this power. Because Colombia is vulnerable to climate changes, especially changes in river flows associated with distributed generation, the great challenge to exploit SHP-based generation potentiality is to provide stable integration of SHPs with the existing electrical systems of distribution. In order to optimize power dispatch as a function of the weather conditions and power system contingencies, it is necessary to monitor and exchange critical information between the distribution network operators and the distributed generators. This exchange requires high reliability and fast response times in the communication networks between the distributed power generators and the companies (operators) running distribution systems. The solution presented in this article, based on recent developments in Colombia, suggests that communication networks based on optical infrastructure are an effective long-term solution that proves suitable for the current challenges of such intelligent networks, such as the integration of distributed generation. These networks facilitate the operation of the whole electrical system, providing highly reliable communications and enhanced capacity as well as low latency and a good level of OPEX. The solution presented shows the advantages of using optical communication networks for the integration of distributed generation and power operation systems in both the medium and long term. Additionally, guidelines on the implementation of such integration are provided. (4 pages)Regulatory and financial hurdles for the installation of energy storage in UK distribution networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0811
This paper examines the feasibility of energy storage in in a low voltage distribution network to facilitate increased Distributed Generation (DG), and electricity demand. Modelling is used to quantify technical and financial benefits of storage over a 10 year period. Technical benefits are achieved through loss reduction, prevention of voltage rise and peak shaving. However, for energy storage to be financially feasible, all multi-stakeholder benefits need to be included in any investment strategy and regulation needs to be updated to foster energy storage adoption. (4 pages)An experience-oriented approach to risk of postponement in investment planning for a distribution network operator
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0711
This paper presents an objective, flexible and expandable model of dealing with the risk of postponement (rop) of projects in the investment plan. The 3 factor (3F-) method is used to assess the general (risk group specific and experience based) and individual (project specific) postponement risk of every project. The result is a rop priority index for the investment plan as a quantified guide for project urgency. (4 pages)An economic model for power exchange of V2GS in parking lots
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0797
Each battery vehicle (V2G) can be charged from the power grid or return its stored energy back to the grid. The effect of a single V2G on the power grid is approximately an ignorable noise. Parking lots can cumulate hundreds of V2Gs in a way that their load/generation impact can influence the grid. This paper proposes a technical and economic model for managing the charging and discharging time of battery vehicles in a parking lot. This model is employed maximizes the parking lot profit, while satisfying vehicle owners. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to set the charging & discharging time table of vehicles. Finally, profit fluctuations due to varying the V2G parameters are investigated. (4 pages)Embedded generation planning in presence of renewable resources using a probabilistic multi-objective optimization approach
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0835
So far, Distributed Generations (DGs) have been vast put in practice due to their evident roles in both technical and economical performance of power distribution systems. This paper investigates the presence of renewable energies once DG integration to the network has to be planned. A multiobjective optimization approach has been presented where the risk costs, the share of private investments, and imposed costs are considered as the main objectives. Performance-based regulation is also incorporated as an incentive mechanism in the DG planning process in presence of renewable energy sources (RES). The proposed scheme is adapted to the 37-Bus IEEE standard test system and the anticipated efficiency of the proposed method is well verified by then. (4 pages)The feasibility of 10 MW power plant installation with palm oil waste as a biomass fuel in Hormozgan, Islamic Republic of Iran
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0755
The power industry in Iran annual production exceeding 10 million tons of carbon dioxide has carbon emissions about 10 percent share. In other hands, for production of each power per kilowatt hour of electricity production is released more than grams of carbon dioxide. Integrated program designed to reduce the carbon intensity of the electricity industry and the development of renewable Energy sources (RES) leads to have more MW capacity from DG. One of kind of RES is using Biomass for Power Generation and CHP. In this manner we have more kind Biomass resources include agricultural residues, animal manure, wood wastes from forestry and industry, residues from food and paper industries, municipal green wastes and sewage sludge. This article has been examining the possibility of generating electricity from waste palm tree in the Hormozgan province in th south of iran with capacity about 10 MW. It's come from about 200000 ton Palm waste in agricultural area. (4 pages)Cost-benefit analysis of integration DER into distribution network
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0750
The large integration of DER into distribution system has significantly changed the approach to planning, design and operation of distribution networks. Based on the cost and benefits of three sides (distribution network owner, EDR provider, and electricity user), this paper proposes a elemental calculation approach to analysis the costs and benefits when DER is token as an alternative on network investment to meet special needs for special customer. A test example is used to verify the efficiency and effectiveness of the approach. (4 pages)Integration of demand side management, distributed generation, renewable energy sources and energy storages
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0784
The increasing number of renewable energy sources and distributed generators requires new strategies for the operation and management of the electricity grid in order to maintain or even to improve the power supply reliability and quality. In addition, liberalization of the grids leads to new management structures, in which trading of energy and power is becoming increasingly important. The interconnection of DG inevitably changes the characteristics of the system to which it is being connected, due to the fact that distribution systems were traditionally designed with the assumption of a passive network. The consequence of the integration of DG is that this assumption is no longer valid. There are a number of technical challenges that needs to be addressed. The main objective of this Task is to study how to achieve a better integration of flexible demand (Demand Response, Demand Side Management) with Distributed Generation, energy storages and Smart Grids. (4 pages)Tactical congestion management: the optimal mix of decentralised generators in a district
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0814
A first step in congestion management is making sure that the average production and consumption per time unit over time match as well as possible, we call this tactical congestion management. The main question in this paper is: what is an optimal mix of DGs such that electricity loss is minimized. (4 pages)A pseudo-real time distribution network simulator for analysis of coordinated ANM control strategies
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0849
This paper describes a pseudo-real time distribution network simulator developed to investigate the use of real time distribution system control presets to better integrate high levels of distributed energy resources into active distribution networks. A combination of historical and modelled generation profiles, along with varying demand patterns, are used to demonstrate the real time application and improved system response from active network management control strategies. (4 pages)Investigating the potential of electrical energy storage in combination with wind farms, Laborelec developed a first simulator for storage sizing and profit quantification
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0851
It is today still difficult to make an accurate day-ahead forecasting of the energy that will be produced by a wind farm. To couple energy storage systems to large wind farms can solve most of the problems related to this unpredictability [1]. Laborelec developed a simulation tool called Wind Storage Simulator (WSS) in order to quantify what would be the profit and to make a pre-sizing of the storage system for different scenarios. These scenarios can be to reduce the unbalance between nomination (forecast power) and actual production, to reduce the lost energy due to grid congestion, to optimize the production on the electricity spot market or to contribute to grid service systems. This tool is based on real characteristics of storage technologies, on real historical wind farm production profiles and on real data of the grid codes and electricity markets. (4 pages)An overview of the present grid codes for integration of distributed generation
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0716
Power systems are passing through profound changes, mainly due to the liberalization of electricity markets, the depletion of primary energy resources and the concern about climate change. The aforementioned premises have created a favorable frame for development of distributed energy resources. As a result, the level of integration of distributed generation (DG) technologies, especially in distribution networks has increased. In order to counteract the impact of DG on the stability and reliability of power systems, the transmission and distribution systems operators have started to reconsider and update their national grid codes. This paper provides an overview of the most recent and comprehensive grid codes regarding the DG integration at distribution level. (4 pages)Incorporating harmonic limits into assessment of the hosting capacity of active networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0869
Harmonic emissions from converter-interfaced distributed generation connection can potentially lead to voltage distortion levels that are above applicable standards. The risk increases as greater connection volumes are facilitated by Active Network Management schemes. By incorporating harmonic limits into assessment of the hosting capacity of active networks, this paper demonstrates that by incorporating harmonic levels at the planning stage can prevent inadvertent restrictions on the integration of renewables. Other aspects considered include: the impact of active network controls on harmonic propagation and hosting capacity and the role of active harmonic mitigation methods. (4 pages)Potential of small hydro power plants for delivering ancillary services in Germany
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0763
A high penetration of renewable energy sources leads to a higher demand on ancillary services. To ensure the stability of the network, new approaches need to be developed. Small run-of-the-river hydro power plants offer the opportunity to control the network voltage by reactive and active power. Furthermore, the units can participate on the power balancing market to ensure the operation of the transmission system. For this purpose, the main aspects of ancillary services are presented. Especially, the fundamental regulatory requirements for control reserve and for voltage control are descripted. The efficiency of voltage control in medium and low voltage networks by reactive power variation is investigated in a case study. Thereby, the reachable deviation by this control measure is determined considering high feed-in and high load scenarios, respectively. The deliverable control energy of small hydro power plants is estimated and evaluated concerning the fundamental technical aspects. Especially, the potential for the control reserve capacity for each TSO will be analysed. (4 pages)Optimal planning of distribution system considering distributed generators
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0792
This paper presents a methodology for substation optimal planning considering DG for peak shaving. Utility can take effective demand-side management (DSM) to encourage customer-owned DG to participate in peak load shaving, and it can also construct utility DG to meet the peak load demand. In this paper, the impact of DG on peak load shaving is analyzed, and DG is taken as a complement to T&D system to meet load demand, which is considered in the substation planning. Substations sizing and location and new-built utility DG capacity is optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), in which supply area of each substation is obtained by Voronoi diagram method. Case study shows that planning result considering DG for peak shaving can defer T&D system expansion so that considerable investment can be saved. Especially for those areas with high cost of T&D system construction, constructing DG to meet peak load demand would be a more economic way. (4 pages)Technical and economical evaluations for dispersed generation connection point determination
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0772
Paper describes technical and economical proceedings for optimal dispersed generation network connection point determination. Different measures for rising of fault current ratings at connection point are presented: connection point shifting, network cabling, transformer upgrading, and connection of DG to separate bus. Technical and economical point of view of different DG connection solutions is presented. (4 pages)Control strategies for smart low voltage grids - the Project DG DemoNet - Smart LV Grid
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0824
Upcoming challenges for LV grids include a high penetration of distributed energy resources and electric vehicles. The project “DG DemoNet - Smart LV Grid” aims to enable an efficient and cost effective use of existing grid infrastructures based on a three-step concept: intelligent planning, on-line monitoring and active LV grid management. Communication-based systems for automatic control concepts for low voltage grids are developed and demonstrated in pilot installations. This paper describes the results of the first phase within research project. The consortium out of distribution system operators, research institutions and industry partners have defined a set of control strategies for active low voltage grids. (4 pages)Planning and optimisation of active distribution systems - an overview of CIGRE Working Group C6.19 activities
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0767
This paper presents an overview of the activities of CIGRE C6.19 Working Group (WG), focusing on the planning and optimization of active distribution systems. This builds on the recommendations of CIGRE WG C6.11 that focused on the development and operation of active distribution networks (ADNs). The C6.19 WG aims at addressing the following issues: (i) Survey on the state of the art on planning for active distribution systems; (ii) Requirements of planning methodologies; (iii) Identification of short, medium and long term models for active distribution system planning; (iv) reliability models of active distribution systems; and (v) algorithms for active distribution system expansion and upgrade planning, including demand-side integration and storage. (4 pages)Flexible plug and play low carbon networks enabling the integration of renewable energy
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0746
UK Power Networks has been awarded funding under Ofgem's Low Carbon Networks Fund scheme, to develop the local distribution network using smart grid technologies. The `Flexible Plug and Play Low Carbon Networks' (FPP) project aims to facilitate faster and cheaper connection of renewable generation onto the distribution network, by using innovative technical and commercial solutions. The FPP project is a £10 million project, which has started in January 2012 and will be concluded in December 2014. (4 pages)Implementation of demand side management as a solution for distribution network operation and management
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0781
This paper outlines an investigation of demand side management resources and potential impact on distribution networks to be undertaken by ESB Networks, the Irish distribution system owner and operator. The objectives and drivers of such a trial are introduced along with field trial implementation pre-analysis and potential network impact. (4 pages)Large penetration of distributed productions: dynamic line rating and flexible generation, a must regarding investment strategy and network reliability
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0847
Dynamic Line Rating (DLR), a.k.a determining the maximum rating of overhead lines based on real-time weather parameters has the potential to significantly increase the power transport & distribution capacity of the grid in favorable weather conditions. Combining active network management (curtailable generation) with DLR as trigger offers a solution out-there for the system operator that combines technical feasibility, adequate implementation timing and economic viability. Flexible generation being already in use on the ELIA network, the potential benefits of using it in conjunction with DLR will be analyzed. (4 pages)New approaches to load shedding problem in islanding situation in distribution networks with distributed generation
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0807
In electric power distribution systems with dispersed generation (DG), it is common to trip DG units in case of a sudden outage of a large generation unit. In new scenarios of operation of electric power systems keeping the DG units in an islanded distribution system is preferred. Load shedding is one of the most important measures in such distribution system that can be used to achieve this goal, but in fact it is the last chance for preventing a system blackout. In this paper, the frequency of the centre of inertia (COI) is proposed in an adaptive load shedding scheme. The proposed technique does not require communication between the components and real time system data; rather, it uses loads histories to shed the loads automatically with declining frequency. (4 pages)Voltage profile quality of conformance evaluation with process capability analysis in the presence of distributed generation
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0827
Quality is defined as meeting the requirements of the customers, so it is vital for distribution companies to provide electric power with specified voltage in all time for all customers in the competitive energy market. In the absence of distributed generation (DG) it is possible to control voltage profile with proper network design and optimized setting of high voltage transformer online tap changers, but in the presence of DG, especially renewable resource like photovoltaic panels and wind turbines, the voltage profile is affected by stochastic behaviour wind velocity, sun light and DG owners decisions. In this study process capability analysis and statistical control chart have been used together to evaluate of distribution system capability to maintain voltage in design level and to detect abnormalities in voltage profile in the presence of distributed generation. (4 pages)Impact of voltage control by distributed generation on hosting capacity and reactive power balance in distribution grids
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0747
Especially in rural areas many distribution grids are already close to their limits of grid integration capacity for distributed generation (DG). Therefore cost-intensive network reinforcements are required increasingly frequent. Short-term implementable solutions for cost efficient grid integration of DG in distribution grids are discussed at the examples of voltage control by DG and improved transformer control concepts. Operating range, technical potentials and the economic efficiency compared to conventional network reinforcement are worked out and evaluated. In a second step the impact of such control on the reactive power balance of the distribution grid with respect to power factor demands of superimposed grid operators is analyzed. (4 pages)Optimal deployment of combined heat and power in residential dwellings in Iran
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0834
The Iranian government encourage the implementation of Distributed Generations (DGs) especially high-efficiency combined heat and power (CHP) systems. CHP could be a sustainable provider of a significant proportion of energy needs for domestic properties. In this paper the use of CHP for a large building complex to provide electric power and the necessary heat for residential dwellings in Iran is investigated. Different factors such as investment cost, maintenance and operation costs of CHP, demand, and the numbers of hours that CHP can provide energy in a year are taken into account. On the other hand the cost of procurement, operation and maintenance of the heating and water heating devices are also considered. Two different scenarios have been considered and investigated for investors. In the first one the output and heat power is used for the building and in the second one the electric output power is sold to the distribution system and the required electric power is bought from the network. These two scenarios are implemented and results along with discussion in detail are provided. (4 pages)Investigating applications of energy storages for the integration of renewables in the distribution grid - view from a distribution grid operator
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0845
The electric utility of the city of Zurich, ewz, expects the grid load to receive additional intermittent components due to distributed generation and electric vehicles. Although the distribution grid generally has reserve capacity to cope with altered and additional loading, local temporary congestions are probable - especially during peak production and peak demand. Instead of the conventional method, grid reinforcements, battery energy storage systems (BESS) have the potential to mitigate the congestion by shifting the peak loads. Therefore, the investigations in this paper comprise the utilization of BESS as grid components. Three applications of BESS in the distribution grid and their economic aspects are presented in this paper. A pilot project is planned to demonstrate the feasibility of the applications and to gain experience with BESS. (4 pages)Distribution network upgrading base on expected utility by using insurance model
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0798
It is customer who defines quality and organizations have to consider quality in customer viewpoint. Nowadays, the concept of quality no longer equals to standards compatibility but it is defined as equal to the need of customer. In power industry, it is important to provide customer with reliability and quality, the same has been provided a lot in power supply industry tradition and several procedures have been performed to improvement the reliability. Such improvements dictated a lot of costs for customer. Now it seems that it is essential more than ever before that customer must receive right to choose the reliability rate by himself or herself. This paper plans to represents a model of reliability consistent with desired reliability in views of the distribution company as well as the customer. Different levels of reliability are suggested to provide the customer demanded desired. According to the insurance model, the customer will receive compensation if the guaranteed service is not available. (4 pages)Intelligent monitoring and energy management platform of new energy power station in the islands
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0759
The new energy power station in the islands is the central node with the ocean current energy,wind energy, solar energy,energy storage equipment and other types of new energy power generation confluencing, achieved intelligent monitoring and energy management for new energy power in the islands.Refer three layer and two network architecture of smart substation,presents the islands's new energy power monitoring and energy management platform architecture,describes specific function and implementation method of the new energy power station with process layer,spacer layer and energy management layer.Based on the IEC 61850 (Second Edition) and IEC 61400-25 standard,the new energy power stations in the islands were standardized modelling,to ensure the platform standard and open. (4 pages)Implementation of smart grid environment in Green Campus project
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0825
The Aim of this paper is to introduce the implementation of Smart Grid environment in the Green Campus project. Green Campus project is a combination of existing low voltage customer network with smart grid elements. The goal of this project is to have an actual field implementation of smart grid with load control, distributed generation and energy storages. The Smart Grid recognizes the units connected to the system, enabling data gathering from these units via the communication line. Demonstration grid is capable of controlling loads and energy storages to limit consumption spikes as well as reduce energy costs by optimising the energy management system? with the optimisation of an energy management system. (4 pages)Reliability-based short term scheduling of wind power considering the impacts of electrical vehicles and fit incentive mechanism
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0714
Large integration of intermittent wind generation in power system has necessitated the inclusion of more innovative and sophisticated approaches in power system operation planning. In this paper, Feed-in-Tariff support scheme is used to promote wind generation firm to participate in power market. The high penetration of wind generation in power system resulting from support scheme has significant impacts on system reliability. So, determining the optimum reliability based incentive for wind generation is an important problem which is developed in this paper. In addition, a new concept of wind farm power management by high penetration of electrical vehicles (EVs) technology is investigated which is usually referred to as “vehicle-to-grid (V2G) in this study. (4 pages)Medium voltage network planning considering distributed generation and demand side management
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0771
Curtailment of distributed generation and demand side management may be a feasible alternative to network expansions in future medium voltage networks. Hence both must be considered in network planning today to develop cost efficient networks. Different control strategies are possible and each will result in a distinct optimal network structure. Network and energy costs will also differ. So far network operators and regulators do not know what control strategy should be striven for. Furthermore no planning algorithm exists that allows considering different control strategies. In this paper, a new algorithm is presented in this paper to solve the planning and control problem in an integrated manner. The distribution system operator of the city of Aachen (STAWAG) has decided to use this algorithm to evaluate different control strategies and derive an optimal long term network structure. The results of this study are also elaborated in the following. (4 pages)Congestion management in active distribution grids: optimal reserve scheduling under distributed generation uncertainty
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0846
An important component in the modernization of electrical grid infrastructure is the increasing production of energy from renewable distributed generation sources. However, the intermittency of this generation motivates stochastic optimization to address uncertainty, and an adequate system of reserves. This paper investigates the stochastic optimization of a two-tiered distribution reserve system for congestion management. (4 pages)Synchrophasor applications for distributed energy resource connection and efficient grid operation
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0724
Phasor measurement units (PMUs) can produce synchronised measurements with high accuracy and granularity. Currently the technology is widely deployed on transmission systems for Wide Area Monitoring, but it has generally not been exploited at distribution level. This paper introduces some applications that utilise synchrophasor measurements to actively manage distribution networks and release more capacity for connecting distributed energy resources (DER). These applications are considered as part of future Distributed Energy Resources Management System, which offers a range of functions for improving the operation security and reliability of modern distribution networks with high DER penetration. The paper also outlines how each application can be used in a distributed control structure - an efficient control framework for managing smart grids. (4 pages)The regulator's role in the integration of renewable power in distribution grids
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0721
The fight against climate change, through rising feed-in tariff policies in France, has resulted in the increase of renewable energy in the electricity production mix. Some of the renewable sources are centralised as in large wind farms for example. Others are decentralised such as photovoltaic panels installed on the roofs of homes. The former are mainly connected to transmission networks and the latter to distribution networks. The number of such installations connected to the French distribution networks has greatly increased since 2008. These individual sources are difficult to predict and control and highly variable. In addition, customers no longer simply consume electricity, but inject it as well, which requires bidirectional flows on networks originally designed to transport electricity in only one direction. (3 pages)Microgrids operation with micro dispersed generators and renewables
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0866
The biggest challenge in the contemporaneous world: maintain the supply of electric energy with reliability and quality. A lot of technological solutions, involving telecommunications, energy storage, dispersed generation (DG) with alternative sources and another usual electric generation, are in large scale implementation. Moreover, Microgrids (MG) concept is in large discussion in order to obtain better results in operation and management of this new distribution system. Local black start strategies are one of the most important implementation for that new kind of grid. In the first phase of the R&D project developed with CPFL, one Brazilian electric utility, inside of the environment of ANEEL, the Brazilian Regulatory Agency to the electric system, it was made a study concerning the technologies of distributed micro generators and connection requirements. Models and control strategies simulations have been done in order to reproduce the performance of this energy sources when connected in the grid during the practice tests. It was evaluated topologies with resistive loads, capacitive loads, and inductive/non-linear loads. These topologies are in parallel with the distribution utility grid using a special test bench able to synchronize the energy and power quality measurements of all devices. (4 pages)Development of IEC 61850 based feeder IEDs for self-healing operation in distribution network
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0801
Recently, in the context of smart grid, the usage of the I EC61850 communication standard gets broader and broader. Though IEC61850 has been used as communication standard for substation automation, the scope that it is applied becomes wider and wider into area of distributed energy resources including storages, communication between substation and control center, feeder automation and EV charging for smart consumers. In the flow of this IEC61850, KEPCO are carrying out the development of Smart Distribution Management System, and as a part of this R&D project, IEC61850 based Feeder IEDs of distribution switchgear is being developed. In this paper, IEC61850 based data model, software & hardware architecture of Feeder IEDs are presented. In addition, protection coordination and service restoration scheme by using peer to peer communication among FIEDs are also presented for self healing operation of distribution network. (4 pages)Experiences with the integration of renewable energy sources - from a distribution system to an energy management system
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0904
In Germany the government decided of renewable energy to 80 to raise the amount percent in 2050. Mitteldeutsche Netzgesellschaft Strom (MITNETZ Strom, formerly known as envia Verteilnetz GmbH) as a large distribution system operator in the east of Germany has to handle about 48 percent of renewable energy already today. Until 2020 this ratio is expected to raise to 100 percent and more. So the impacts and challenges for the whole energy system in Germany and Europe for the next decades can be seen today and have to be solved here in the next few years. The author shows the experiences the solutions found in the last years next of MITNETZ Strom, and the tasks for the years. A new generation management system was developed and implemented, new overhead lines and substations were build. The challenges for the future are the optimizing and reinforcement, but also the extension of the existing system. Additionally, the new role of a distribution system operator as a responsible partner for the coordination of system services from renewable plants has to be developed. (4 pages)Distributed generation in Austria
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0902
From a regulatory perspective the approach towards a higher share of Distributed Generation (DG) has to be balanced considering national energy policy as well as maintaining the quality of electricity supply, adapted network expansion concepts and related costs. The status and potential estimation was based on collection and analysis of the existing data. The pooling of DG to e.g. virtual power plants has been evaluated by investigating the current legal and market requirements. Concerning economic and climate change aspects a comparison of mini CHPs and centralised CCGT has been modelled. The influence of DG on voltage regulation, losses and reactive power has been analysed by means of a generic network model. (4 pages)Series and parallel switched inductors managing steady-state overvoltages in distribution grids with distributed generation
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0777
The rising amount of distributed generation (DG) connected to distribution grids may lead to overvoltages in steady-state. Reactive power provided by DG or inductors can reduce voltage. This paper investigates how series and parallel switched inductors can be used to reduce overvoltages at the medium voltage level. The issues of the inductor's size and position are discussed. Fields of application and required devices for an operation are derived. The effects on voltage level and voltage stability are investigated. The economic benefit is evaluated by a comparison of possible efforts to manage overvoltages. A probabilistic approach was used. The results show that series switched inductors provide a flexible and cost-efficient solution. The parallel inductors are more expensive, but still cheaper than conventional grid reinforcements. Compared to series inductors, parallel inductors can be used independently from grid structures and the spread of DG in the distribution grid. (4 pages)Determination of local purchasing price from DGS in distribution network by DSO with consideration of their technical impacts
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0800
With presence of distributed generation (DG) in distribution networks, distribution system operators (DSO) have the options to purchase energy from DG units and/or directly from the wholesale electricity market. The utility's desired purchasing price of DGs energy depends on their impact on network, and wholesale market price. This paper proposes a method to determine DG energy price in short-term operation with consideration their impact on loss and reliability. The performance of the proposed approach is assessed by using 8-bus distribution network. (4 pages)Technical solution/recommendations for large penetration of DGS in KEPCO distribution network
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0790
The interconnection standards/guidelines have been designed to prevent unfavourable interconnection problems of the DG (Dispersed Generations). Therefore, in practice, unit or cumulative interconnection capacity for particular voltage levels have been be limited to maintain admissible power quality and reliability. Recently, the interconnection standard/guidelines in South Korea are revised at Feb. 2012. In this paper, we briefly introduce the revised version of the DG interconnection standard/guidelines in South Korea and technical solutions/recommendations for large penetration of DG in the KEPCO (Korea Electric Power Company) distribution network. (4 pages)Economics research for photovoltaic power generation project based on different business model
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0828
This paper presents an in-depth economic analysis on Photovoltaic power generation (PV) project. The research is based on nine business and technical proposals which with different investment operational pattern and different distributed generation (DG) integration technology of PV project. An all-life-cycle benefit/cost (B/C) assessment methods was used to assess the feasibility of the project. Through the accurately simulate of an annual PV output and load curves from typical time, received electric power and energy balance calculations and revenue forecast results. And then different operators' electricity price benefits based on china's complex tariff mechanism was estimated in this paper, while the initial PV panel investment, operation and maintenance, distribution network investment and losses of PV projects were calculated. Finally, through the PI value come to the best business model. Calculation results show that if power grid enterprise as the PV power producer, and use of virtual power plant technology for DG integration means more investment value than other business mode. (5 pages)Dynamic system performance of renewable power generation units - useful and doubtful grid code requirements
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0805
To maintain system stability and functioning and to ensure the quality of supply, system operators are responsible to set up transparent and commonly valid requirements for the usage and connection to their relevant grids. Facing the increasingly high penetration of dispersed power generators the requirements have been continuously updated and revised by TSOs and DSOs according to the new challenges of its transforming traditional operation procedures in all European Member States over the last decade. Based on gathered experiences in many years the reasonable needs for specifically designed and more stringent requirements with respect to system management and control schemes of renewable energy systems (RES) have evolved. However the accurate definition of advanced requirements is still ongoing and manufacturers are subjected to a rather dynamic technical as well as legislative framework in this context. In fact, ENTSO-E is currently working on a first pan-European grid code. In some ways also DSOs are overcharged in choosing the most suitable solution with respect to their alternatives like reactive power contribution of RES. Hence the intention of this paper is to highlight the contemporary sophisticated requirements related to the dynamic performance of RES during system disturbances and their respective contribution to system recovery and voltage support. The investigation of the required capabilities shows for example that under specific system conditions and operation modes the intended support function of injecting reactive current during voltage dips may not lead to the anticipated but rather to unsolicited impacts on the system that even can contradict the intention of system recovery. The corresponding analysis is based on simulations performed in German wind farm certification procedures by using manufacturer-specific models that have been validated in accordance with German Technical Guideline TR4. (4 pages)E-car and economic impact: enhancing the smart grids
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0874
The future penetration of the electrical vehicle and the related increase of electrical energy demand may impose new requirements on the power system and affect network operation, mainly, if it becomes an uncontrollable load. The integration of e-car energy suppliers with power system actors is not an option but an absolute need to enable a secure and reliable power system. (4 pages)E-home Energieprojekt 2020
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0818
E.ON Avacon AG launched a three-year pilot project in 2011 to examine the future needs of low voltage grids. The project will be scientifically monitored by the Energie-Forschungszentrum Niedersachsen (EFZN). The aim of the supporting research is to investigate the impact of new components on the low voltage grids. One focus is on increasing the penetration of photovoltaic systems through the use of on-load tap-changing transformers. In addition thereto, a field test with a plurality of measurement campaigns is carried out. Previously, each participating household was equipped with electric vehicles, photovoltaic systems, air conditioner and smart meters. Also the measured values are recorded centrally and are available for evaluation. When using a few reference grids for representation of the entire low-voltage grid, high inaccuracies in the transmittance of the results on the entire grid can be expected. The creation of synthetic grid structures may be an alternative to the use of representative grids. The advancing change of the grid demand from a pure supply task to a mix of power demand and infeed has to be regarded in this context. This development demands the definition of new load approaches, which can be used in future grid calculations. In addition to the technical issues, economic, legal and sociologic themes are examined. (4 pages)Micro grid control structures for better integration of renewable energy
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0776
Driven by the increasing need to expand grid capacities due to the sustained integration of distributed renewable energy sources (especially photovoltaic generation in low voltage grids), solutions for an economic justifiable approach are needed. The majority of the provided options by the OEMs lead to an increased amount of data and control complexity in order to operate the additional equipment. To avoid dependencies on a higher control instance and to reduce the needed effort to operate a distribution grid covering a large area, local control strategies could provide a solution. In a small village, the EnBW electricity company runs a pilot project and tests different options for low voltage (L V)-grid load shedding. To implement and validate control structures under real conditions is an inherent part of the research program. This paper shows the general approaches chosen for the design of a control system as a local micro grid, as well as the first results from the phase of practical testing. (3 pages)Using feeder reconfiguration for congestion management of smart distribution network with high DG penetration
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0863
One of the main intent of smart grid is to enable more renewable energy resources. Installing the DGs near end-customers result in reduction of power transmission of lines, however, if a large amount of microDGs generate energy simultaneously, it may result in distribution system congestion. In usual, distribution component capacity is considered high enough to avoid any congestion. However, considering the on-line monitoring and controlling abilities of a smart grid, this paper addressed reconfiguration as an effective methodology to solve the distribution network congestion problem. Genetic algorithm is used to determine the optimal configuration. Numerical results of implementing the method on a test system demonstrate that network reconfiguration can be used as an effective methodology to defer the additional investment in distribution systems. (4 pages)DER and OpenNode: integration of DG in an open architecture for secondary nodes in the smart grid
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0855
The operation of power distribution networks becomes more and more challenging in the presence of DER, as well as new DSM requirements. Utilities need new tools to monitor and control the power distribution network, maintaining the reliability and the QoS facing these new conditions. Today's power distribution grids have to be transformed into “smart distribution grids” that feature on-line monitoring data and enable efficient, fast and secure grid operation. This issue is tackled in the OpenNode project, funded by European Commission in the 7<sup xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/">th</sup> framework program (www.opennode.eu). OpenNode focuses on the research and development of: (1) An open Secondary Substation Node (SSN), which is an essential control component of the future smart distribution grid; (2) A middleware to couple the SSN operation with the utility systems for grid and utility operation; (3) A modular communication architecture based on standardised communication protocols to grant the flexibility required by the stakeholder diversification and to cope with massively distributed embedded systems in the distribution grid. To address the problem, a consortium of nine organizations from six European countries is cooperating in the OpenNode project. The project started on January 2010 with duration of 33 months. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement Number 248119. (4 pages)A framework for low voltage network planning in the era of low carbon technology and active consumers
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0761
The increased deployment of low-carbon technology and the anticipated impact on low voltage (LV) networks has led to a requirement for more detailed analysis and new planning methods for LV networks. This paper discusses the likely functionality required by a probabilistic LV planning framework that incorporates the stochastic characteristics of customer load. This facilitates the development and assessment of DNO led Demand Side Management schemes. (4 pages)Improved network analysis by using hourly meter values
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0736
This project, PAM (Project Area Measurement), will investigate how Smart metering data could be used to improve network analysis in order to optimize the asset management process and hopefully reduce the investment costs. The project is divided in these three parts: load profiles, power quality and network losses. (4 pages)