New Publications are available for Data acquisition systems
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New Publications are available now online for this publication.
Please follow the links to view the publication.Study on the comprehensive test technology of circuit breaker mechanical life and Its accessories based on virtual instrument
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0698
Circuit breakers are widely used in power distribution systems. Accessories of circuit breaker expand and complement its function. Mechanical life test, operational reliability test, leakage module operation test, under voltage and shunt releases test, auxiliary and alarm contacts test are very important in the circuit breaker test. In this paper, it is detailedly described that the data acquisition and signal processing system developed with LabVIEW and controlled by industrial computer for circuit breaker test. The mechanical life test and operational reliability test with 24V/1A DC resistive load can be accomplished. The reliability of circuit breaker making and breaking can be judged by real-time detecting and processing the voltage between the contacts when contacts close and open. In the accessories test, industrial computer impels relevant hardware to generate test current or voltage, and then imposes on the circuit breaker and its accessories. Using high-speed data acquisition card, it measures relational electrical signal before and after putting on the test current or voltage. Through processing and analyzing, it can accurately determine the reliability of circuit breaker accessories action or breaker status indication.Experimental validation of control strategies for a microgrid test facility including a storage system and renewable generation sets
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0830
The paper is aimed at describing and validating some control strategies in the SYSLAB experimental test facility characterized by the presence of a low voltage network with a 15 kW-190 kWh Vanadium Redox Flow battery system and a 11 kW wind turbine. The generation set is connected to the local network and is fully controllable by the SCADA system. The control strategies, implemented on a local pc interfaced to the SCADA, are realized in Matlab-Simulink. The main purpose is to control the charge/discharge action of the storage system in order to present at the point of common coupling the desired power or energy profiles. (4 pages)An Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) and Google gadgets based micro-injection moulding process monitoring system
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0584
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have been used in various industrial monitoring applications, with the latest trend being their integration and that of other devices into the “Internet of Things (IoT)” vision in which millions of devices will be interconnected online. One industrial environment which still has not had much exposure to WSNs and the IoT is the plastics industry environment particularly Injection Moulding (IM), Micro Injection Moulding (μIM) and Extrusion. In this paper a novel approach is presented for monitoring a typical plastics industry environment based on three major technologies: WSN, Service Orientated Architecture (SOA) and Google Gadgets (GG). This is applied to a heterogeneous network of WSN nodes and National Instruments (NI) high speed data acquisition (DAQ) devices. The SOA (De-facto solution in Enterprise-IT systems) enables IT resources like specific departmental applications, business partners, business processes, systems to be accessed as a service hence allowing seamless interoperability. Here we describe; architectural design, system integration and user interfaces for a prototype system developed for the Centre for Polymer Micro and Nano Technology (MNT) at the University of Bradford which makes use of the WSO2 Carbon Platform's Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) and the GG API. (6 pages)Communication networks for domestic photovoltaic based microgrid protection
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0007
Domestic photovoltaic (PV) based microgrid refers to a distributed group of small solar PV systems installed at each household in a residential area. The distributed systems may be integrated to form a meshed microgrid structure which can operate in both islanded and grid-connected modes. Grid-connected microgrids of domestic solar PV systems can supplement energy needs of homeowners. They are a potentially viable option for implementing demand side management programs for curbing peak demand. Nevertheless, PV based microgrids like other microgrid technologies are notorious of destabilising the national grid when running in grid-connected mode. They introduce current transient problems, voltage and frequency mismatch, etc. Hence solid control and protection scheme is necessary. The backbone of any control and protection scheme is a communication network. Thus the principal aim of this paper is to investigate feasibility of using wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) for a metropolitan area network (MAN) of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) used in meshed network architecture of a microgrid. Supervisory control and data acquisition applications were traditionally based on power-line carrier (PLC) networks. Due to the meshed structure of the proposed network, this approach would dearly complicate the network as devices such as signal traps and PLC modules would need to be installed on the many buses of the network. Thus a wireless network such as Wi-Fi is a flexible and simpler solution. As an added advantage, Wi-Fi will allow fault location identification through use of triangulation methods. However, issues such as security and interference proneness of the Wi-Fi protocol need to be considered. (6 pages)Risk awareness and decision support technique for bulk power system
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0117
A dispatch-oriented risk perception and fault disposal decision support technique for online monitoring and control is proposed in this paper. It helps to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of risk perception by multi-source information mining based on data from SCADA, relay, WAMS and other measurement systems. And it provides a direct means to grasp the whole process of incident handling by online fault perception, analysis, assessment and decision-making technique. Visualization scheme including information integration, function integration, hierarchical display and multi-theme window display technology are also introduced to enhance the capability of fault disposal of operators and help them to master the grid operation from a global perspective. (5 pages)SCADA & related telecommunications systems
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic.2011.0186
The following article considers the use of SCADA systems for the control of Traction Power Supplies to Railways in the UK, including related Telecommunications requirements.SCADA approaches to remote condition monitoring
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0589
Traditionally, remote monitoring architectures have relied on data loggers collecting data at source for transmission to other systems using either bespoke protocols or ASCII formatted data transfer. As technology evolves, more plant equipment is becoming 'intelligent' and can often report its own condition and health status. Furthermore, many items of plant are becoming network-enabled utilising either fixed or wireless media (in some cases both). These changes are forcing a rethink on strategy how we can best connect to the plant equipment to extract the essential condition information, and how we transport this across data networks into the necessary domains for action and analysis? Coupled with this is the ever increasing pressure from industry to utilise open and standardised protocols, data models and system approaches to reduce cost, allow for future expansion and provide flexibility to interchange system components. By their very nature, SCADA systems deliver more open connectivity options, including standard protocols, allowing end users to pick and choose the right component for their application, ultimately delivering a lower life cycle cost. (6 pages)A novel approach for modeling and simulation of hybrid power systems using PLCs and SCADA for hardware in the loop test
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0421
This paper describes a novel method for Modeling and Simulation of the Renewable energy based Hybrid Power System (HPS) with improved simulation capabilities like Fidelity, Speed, and Real time control in Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) hardware and software. Analysis of HPS dynamics is conventionally done by using Matlab/Simulink. Since the optimal utilization of primary energy sources will increase the level of supply reliability and economy, a real time EMU is needed. However, the conventional way of simulation limits us for real time control equipped with specific embedded hardware, which in turn limits in span of simulation and consume more time for simulation. Besides, various areas of control systems play vital role in the selection of simulator. Also, if the analyzed system is practically implemented, the results may vary, because, the conventional simulation library components are the approximated models for the real time scenarios. This triggers a new thought of bridging the gap between analysis and implementation by using common platforms. As a solution for all of these issues, and as per the contemporary technologies, the proposal is the method for modeling and simulation of HPS dynamics using PLCs, which supports effective control through a real time EMU, SCADA system, and other embedded hardware. The paper focuses on the combination of Photo Voltaic (PV) cell, Fuel cell (FC), and Wind Turbine (WT) systems, for power generation in the proposed HPS. The dynamics are compared with the conventional simulation.A low-power temperature and humidity monitoring system base on WSN
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0935
A new scheme of low-power temperature and humidity monitoring system base on wireless sensor network (WSN) is proposed to overcome the weakness of the ones at present. In this paper, a star topology is used as the structure of network, and the microcontroller unit (MCU) as the main control device in base station and slave stations. Slave stations use SHT11 digital temperature and humidity sensor to complete data acquisition, and exchange data with base station by low-power multi-channel nRF905 transceiver chip. This paper introduces the hardware and software of the base station, using the communication protocol and frequency hopping (FH) mechanism to ensure the reliability of data transmission, increasing the robustness of the system. The result shows that this system has the advantage of portable, flexible arrangement, a large coverage area, low power consumption, and small disturbance, etc. The design is worth to be applied in practical applications.A star low-power wireless sensor network design and analysis
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0949
In order to solve data collection and transmission problem of smart home, a low-power wireless data acquisition star topologic network was designed, and a star topologic network communication protocol was given. Using queuing theory, the establishment of M/M/l model analysis was carried out. By analyzing the time prediction of adjustment period, sensor capacity and power calculation of stationary period, power system disturbances of added sensor and other problems, detailed analysis of the power consumption of the system was carried out, and calculation methods were given. The experiment proved that the system normal working hours exceeds 5 months, which meets low power consumption, the real-time data acquisition and accuracy requirements demand.Power system observability using biogeography based optimization
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0394
This paper presents a robust and optimal metering systems and optimal Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) placement for real time power system monitoring taking into account of both normal and contingency cases. Two types of contingencies are named as single branch/meter outage and single branch/PMU outage for optimal meter and PMU placement respectively. The placement of meter and PMU are solved by Biogeography Based Optimization. In the PMU placement study, the virtual bus reduction technique is applied for reducing the scale of the system. Developed placement algorithm is illustrated using IEEE standard systems to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.Cyber attack impact on power system blackout
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0520
Information & Communication Technology (ICT) plays a key role in modern power system. Component failure and malicious attack of cyber system could trigger outage, and sometimes, catastrophic blackout in powers system. Previous research shows that self-organized criticality of blackout arise from cascade overload and cascade outage. Whereas, recently observation show the other factors, including malicious sabotage, could contribute to SOC of blackout along without cascade outage. Stuxnet worm, as a new paradigm of malicious software that can spread in the physical isolated network, could initiate coordinated attack and result in ultra large blackout than expected. The cyber security issues of power system should be revisited correspondingly. (4 pages)Sensor integration for mobile mapping and feature analysis
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2010.0399
The ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) group at the Institute of Technology Blanchardstown (ITB) has been working on issues in the automated analysis of road signage and delineation since 2002. This research is concerned with the detection and analysis of road signage and raised pavement markers from image data. This involved the design and construction of a prototype portable mobile mapping system that linked GPS to machine vision data. A new mobile mapping system has now been developed that is distinguished from its predecessors by its ability to give survey-grade geo-referenced positions for substandard delineation [7]. The new system also logs and presents in real-time the data supplied by all the different sensor systems together under a common graphical user interface. (5 pages)Load profiles and peak loads growth in typical consumption areas possibilities of their recording by remote metering system
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2010.0862
In recent distribution practice in Serbia in the peak load forecasting and network planning, a specific problem occurred: intensive and durable peak load reduction. Significant electricity price increase and other changes of Tariff System led also to different consumer behaviour and daily load profiles "freezing". Therefore, investigation of modified load profiles in typical consumption areas has become necessary. On the other side, in some electricity distribution companies in Serbia, installation of systems for remote meter reading of customer consumption currently is under way. Such systems can be used also for other data acquisition. By proper selection of areas and data, they could be relevant for investigation of typical load profiles. Such system components, data selection, their transmission and analysis are presented in the paper. It also proposes the methodology for using load profiles and peak load values, after several years of their acquisition, for making accurate peak load forecasts as the first step in optimal network planning. (9 pages)Challenges of SCADA protocol replacement and use of open communication standards
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2010.0220
With the increasing demand for connecting cleaner energy generation from distributed renewable energy resources and new nuclear power stations, the future transmission network in the UK is expected to require increasingly more active primary technologies such as HVDC connections and FACTS equipment. These devices will enable the optimum use of the power transfer capability of the existing transmission network infrastructure. The existing Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems deployed are now being considered to be no longer capable of meeting these future needs with the increasing demands for real time operational data. This paper describes the opportunities and challenges faced by National Grid UK in moving from its in house protocol and the methodology chosen to implement and trial a new protocol at a number of pilot sites. The paper will examine and evaluate the protocol choices available and consider the security issues of the new communication services required. A number of trial and pilot projects are being established and the experience gained from these trials will help to identify the benefits and issues in carrying out future SCADA protocol replacement. (5 pages)Using wireless sensor networks for industrial monitoring
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2010.1039
In order to save time and reduce systems failures this paper examines use of wireless sensor for monitoring industrial applications for enhanced Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems where a new model establishes interconnection between sensor node is proposed and optimal inter-sensor distance with respect to their signal level are investigated. The wireless communication systems are used for exchanging messages between technicians and the corresponding emergency service points through structured messages. The test result obtained from a field trial with the result showing determining maximum allowable free space loss can be determined between the interval of 0-13 metres apart.Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based neural network for motor protection
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2010.0252
In this work, a real time digital protection algorithm based on PCA and neural network methods is presented for induction motors. The proposed protection algorithm covers internal winding faults, broken rotor bar faults, and bearing faults. Many laboratory experiments have been performed on a specially designed induction motor to evaluate the performance of the suggested protection algorithm. The hybrid protection algorithm uses the instantaneous phase currents. These currents are first preprocessed by PCA to extract distinctive features called residuals. Then the calculated residuals are applied to a feed-forward backpropagation neural network as input vectors. The outputs of the network are winding fault, bearing fault, and normal operating. The proposed algorithm is implemented by using C++ with a NI-DAQ data acquisition board. (5 pages)SCADA & related telecommunications systems
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic.2009.0014
The following article considers the use of SCADA systems for the control of traction power supplies to railways in the UK, including related telecommunications requirements.Determine the CE-1 lunar impact time with CDAS data
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2009.2053
As the first lunar satellite of China, CE-1 fell to the moon in March 1, 2009. The whole falling was conducted to follow a planned track. It's important to find out when the satellite reached the surface of the moon, which implies how well the track control works. Two suites of CDAS (Chinese Data Acquisition System) worked as the data acquisition backend in monitoring the impact. The time at which CE-1 reached the moon is determined via applying short-time FFT based analysis to the data obtained by CDAS.The high efficient architectures of VLBI wideband DBBC
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2009.1990
The VLBI data acquisition backend plays an important role in the VLBI station. Recently, based on advances in digital hardware like ADC (Analog-to-Digital Conversion), DSP (Digital Signal Processing), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) and so on, it has become practical to sample and digitally process the intermediate frequency signal directly. DBBC (Digital Base-Band Converters) will replace ABBC (Analog Base Band Converters) in the VLBI data acquisition backend. A wide band digital VLBI Digital Backend using poly-phase filter banks segments each 512 MHz IF into 2n adjacent frequency channels spanning the 512 MHz IF bandwidth, This paper analyzes the architectures of VLBI wideband DBBC and use a common deducing method to acquire an efficient architecture based DFT polyphase filter banks to realize wideband DBBC. The arithmetic operations and complexity is compared between the different architectures. A simulation model of poly-phase filter banks is designed. All the experimental results show that the model is valid and practical.Experiment data processing on "one-active" LASAR
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2009.0215
"One-active" LASAR is a kind of new synthetic aperture radar, which can obtain the 3-D radar cross section distribution of the observation scene. Comparing to the full- element LASAR, it fires only one element in one footprint, and can reduce the cost of data acquisition and imaging processing greatly. In this paper, the signal characteristic of "one-active" LASAR is analyzed to explain the reason that "one-active" LASAR can product cross-track resolution. Finally, the 3-D imaging result of "one-active" LASAR is presented and analyzed in detail. (4 pages)Comparison of five architectures for adding bandwidth to GOES DCS service
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2009.1156
Methods of doubling the capacity of the Data Collection System (DCS) on NOAA's geosynchronous operational environment satellite (GOES) were compared for cost and user impact. A methodology of comparing cost was developed. The two architectures that resulted in a cost reduction had the greatest adverse impact on users. (5 pages)From isolated defense lines to space-time cooperative schemes against blackouts (Abstract only)
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2009.1868
This presentation investigates Chinese standards for power system security and the practices in the relevant three-defense-lines. It also proposes an adaptive space-time cooperative framework for defending power system blackouts. Its essentials are: (1) acquisition and integration of wide area measurements from RTUs, PMUs, fault recorders and protection systems; (2) trajectory-based data mining and quantitative security analysis; (3) adaptive optimization of preventive control, emergency control, corrective control and recovery control; (4) coordination among these controls. Recent blackouts around the world are investigated and their mechanisms are revealed. The three-defense-lines criterion, which is the security standard for power system in China, is thoroughly reviewed. It is suggested to advance the existing SCAD A/EMS systems to dynamic ones, namely DSCADA/DEMS. Based on relevant research achievements, such a system, named as Wide ARea Monitoring Analysis Protection-control (WARMAP), is well on the way to building in both East China Power Grid and Jiangsu Power Grid. (1 page)Unlocking the benefits of non-operational data for the maintenance and management of critical substation assets
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2009.1774
Many utilities implement substation intelligent electronic device (IED) integration and automation projects. In most cases, the focus is on acquiring real-time operational data for supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), automation, protection and control applications. However, non-operational data such as fault records, waveform captures, breaker contact wearing, and transformer conditions is also invaluable data for power system operators and utility engineers. Access to the non-operational data is generally not available from the SCADA system. It usually requires access through IED maintenance ports using native IED vendor software. This paper examines the benefits of using non-operational data in the operation, maintenance and management of substation equipment. It also explores the approaches of integrating nonoperational data into substation automation projects. By combining real-time operational data and more productive use of non-operational data, utilities can maximize return on investment in substation automation projects and capital assets. (7 pages)Evolutions in the Elektrovojvodina SCADA system for MV network
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2009.0579
Electrical Distribution of Elektrovojvodina-Serbia is in a transition from its stand alone HV SCADA system to an enhanced distribution management system for HV and MV network. This process has started simultaneously from three directions. Paper presents overview of stated transition and detailed insight of first steps toward control and monitoring ofMV (20 kV) network using IEC 61870-5-101 Balanced (master- master) communication protocol over radio party line. (4 pages)New technological challenges operating the 110 KV, 16.7 HZ grid for railway power supply in Germany
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2009.0729
The liberalization of the energy and railway sector changed regulatory and economic boundaries, and posed new requirements for the topology and the operation of the 110 kV grid supplying the German railway system. Procurement of traction energy had to comply with the rules of regulated energy markets. Technical facilities are linked to the EEX markets for peak power, and thus require highly efficient and dependable connections to the public grid. The ongoing consolidation within supplier markets for technical components stipulates the use of standardized components in generation and transmission. The advances in power electronics and modern control systems open a way to utilize the opportunities of our present economic environment. State-of-the-art static converter stations, highly integrated control technology, and station automation tailored to railway needs facilitate an attractive access to the energy markets for railway systems. The paper will illustrate the application of modern components in the railway energy supply system, and illustrates new opportunities to operate and improve the 110 kV, 16.7 Hz grid. A technology that will enhance operations also for international partnerships. The paper comprises static converter stations, country wide grid control and SCADA Systems, as well as new electronic equipment for automatic feeder testing. (3 pages)Iris image analysis for biometric system
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic.2009.0128
Iris recognition is accepted as a one of the most efficient biometric methods. Practical implementation of this biometric method requires special image processing, where the iris feature extraction plays a crucial role. In this paper, we analyze the effect of various parameters of algorithms, different image acquisition system specifications, various environment, and different size of images for iris recognition system. Speed, accuracy and acceptability of iris recognition system depend on all the above parameters. Work has been carried out on various eye databases such as UPOL, CASIA, UBIRIS, and some of the images of eyes taken by our image acquisition system. In iris recognition process maximum time is required for localization. It has been found that good contrast image has more accuracy of localization and small size image results in fast localization. Speed of recognition system also depends upon the specifications of data acquisition system. FAR, FRR, speed and performance of overall recognition system also depends upon iris localization, size of normalized iris and encoding filter parameters. All these factors have been found variable, depending upon data acquisition used. (7 pages)Wireless telecoms for distribution networks based on WiMax
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2009.1030
Electrical distribution networks are becoming increasingly complex systems. The addition of embedded generation, sustainable energy projects, demand side participation schemes and smart metering require the system operator to gather an unprecedented level of information in real-time from their network. Current SCADA technologies, such as power-line carrier or slow scan UHF telemetry, have a low throughput (or bandwidth) and would be overwhelmed given the task of providing data service to the volume of devices needing telecoms that are predicted to be installed on the power system in the short to medium term. This paper examines alternative and emerging solutions to providing telecoms access to remote devices, with a focus on IEEE 802.16 "WiMax". WiMax has been gaining momentum over the last few years as a solution in fixed "last mile" environment, providing broadband Internet access to rural homes and businesses, as it provides excellent geographic coverage for a reasonable capital investment. (4 pages)Research of the electrical energy measurement data acquisition engineering based on SCDMA
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2009.1006
The electrical energy measurement data is the basis of estimating electrical energy supply and sales related cost; also it is important information which analyzes the loss of electrical energy transmission and the efficiency of electrical energy consumption. The electrical energy measurement stations are not only distributed among buildings and the streets in the urban areas, but also have been disperses extensively in rural regions such as in the fields and along mountainous areas. Due to the features of dispersed measurement stations, it needs an efficient data-collecting network, which is with large capacity and coverage, to achieve the automatic collection of long-distance measurement data. SCDMA is a kind of wireless communication technique, where SCDMA stands for Synchronized Code Division Multiple Access. To construct specific data-collecting network for electrical energy measurement data by using SCDMA wireless communication technique, the problems associated with the establishment of wireless network should be solved; at the same time, the connection problem of SCDMA network bearing electrical energy measurement data collection service should be settled. This article, which is based on the view of engineering construction, utilizes the features of SCDMA's cellular network establishment technology and smart antenna technology to analyze and suggest the most appropriate electric wave transmission model for urban and rural areas respectively. It also mentions the accession and connection method to serve electrical energy measurement data collection and management, as well as facing-the-object data collecting pattern and device management model. These are applied in the engineering construction and have remarkably solved the base station selecting and signal coverage designs that are associated with SCDMA wireless network establishment, and they help to cope with the connection problems of electrical energy measurement data collection center, enhancing the real-time of electrical energy measurement data collection and building up excellent foundation for analyzing the loss of electrical energy transmission and the efficiency of electrical energy consumption. (5 pages)IEC 60870-5-104 as a driver to evolution of substation and distribution automation at EDP
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2009.0700
IEC 60870-5 is mainly used in Utilities of European Countries in SCADA networks. Following the development of network technologies, IEC 60870-5-104, which covers transmission over TCP/IP, is nowadays growing in use for communications between RTUs and control centres. In this context, and having in mind the telecontrol and automation evolution strategy in EDP, EDP distribution, a Portuguese electricity distribution utility of EDP group, with the support of KEMA, a leading consultancy company, have been involved in a process focused on the definition of the companion standard IEC 60870-5-104. EFACEC, a leading Portuguese industrial company and the main SCADA provider to EDP distribution, is also involved in the implementation and validation of 104 protocol at the control centre side. In order to optimize EDP' benefits from using a standardized protocol like 104, the protocol definition process includes the definition of the information to be exchanged, the translation of system functionality into protocol functionality and the definition of the protocol implementation document (PID)-including PICS (protocol implementation conformance standard) and PIXIT protocol implementation extra information for testing). Besides both PID definition-a "full functionality" PID for substation automation, and a "light functionality" PID for distribution automation-requirements for wireless (GPRS and TETRA) communication networks that could be used in the distribution automation, have also been defined. Substation and distribution automation pilots have been foreseen to verify the 104 protocol implementation In this paper we intend to: (i) introduce and discuss the requirements supporting both PID and requirements for wireless (ii) present the present status of the pilots to address such requirements. (4 pages)Experience of mobile Web-based condition monitoring technology for partial discharge detection and analysis
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2009.0582
The implementation of a condition based monitoring system requires the integration of a variety of hardware and software components. A complete system is composed of a number of functional capabilities such as sensing and data acquisition, data manipulation, health diagnostics and prognostics. In addition there are a broad range of system level requirements that include communication and integration with legacy systems, protection of proprietary data, need for upgradeability, and reduction of engineering time and cost. The successful development of such robust, mobile systems with this level of capability requires significant difficulties to be overcome. This paper presents the architecture employed when designing and developing a PD monitoring system and the experiences learnt during testing. (4 pages)The migration of serial to Ethernet communications - why bother?
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2009.0635
Serial communications has been the mainstay for communication systems for more than a decade using RS232 and RS485 as the physical layer. However, the Ethernet juggernaut is enticing systems engineers to reevaluate their existing approach to telemetry with the potential benefits of a bigger 'pipe'. Fortunately, familiar protocols like Modbus and DNP support TCP/IP over Ethernet making the switch relatively easy for greenfield deployments. Retrofitting Ethernet and newer IEDs into existing communications systems including SCADA require supporting a hybrid network of both Ethernet and serial devices. One approach to a hybrid network is serial tunneling through serial servers as described below and includes an example illustrating the benefits of a real implementation. (4 pages)Observability and controllability of decentralised production
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2009.1040
The characteristics of decentralised wind farm power generation and the difficulties associated in predicting output require the network managers to benefit from the best data for real-time management, to allow for forward-looking studies and to ensure the safety of the French electrical system. RTE and ERDF have worked together to find a solution that makes the information from the various sites available to the experimental platform. In a second step, the solution consists of substituting the experimental platform for a SCAD A industrial product, offering a great interoperability with RTE's controlling and management tools and the environments such as the producers' control centres. (5 pages)Demand forecasting for outage, connections and expansion planning of distribution networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2009.0801
This paper presents some features of the software development project whose goal is to link half-hourly SCADA readings with the tools for outage, connections and development planning, as well as with the pricing tool for generating distribution use-of-system charges. The focus is put on the methods for extensive data-cleanse, demand forecasting and the developed software. The software is tested on the entire extra high-voltage (EHV) network belonging to "Electricity North West" (ENW). (4 pages)Digital measuring techniques and evaluation processes
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic_20080545
After the description of the main characteristics of digital measuring systems in comparison to analogue measuring systems the most difficult type of voltages to be measured in high voltage tests, the lightning and switching impulse voltage, will be used to show the important parameters of digital measuring systems and its consequence concerning uncertainty and reproducibility. Examples of using digital measuring technique in the field of impulse tests on transformers and partial discharge measurements will be shown. Digital measuring systems includes today the evaluation software and the latest status of the requirements on software defined by standardisation organisation will be reported.Integrated view of SCADA [SCADA systems]
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic_20080139
A collection of slides from the author's conference presentation is given. This paper presents the SCADA systems for water management. (26 pages)25 kV AC railways overhead contact system protection: a comparison between the traditional approach and alternative low cost solution
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp_20080012
In contrast to the early days of 25 kV AC railway electrification these days new electric traction systems are usually equipped with advanced supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems as well as intelligent protection devices. Those protection devices come with communication interfaces, permit data acquisition as well as remote parameter setting according to operational needs. By utilising the modern features of the protection and SCADA systems the number of circuit breakers and associated protection equipment may be reduced significantly without compromising safety and reliability of the traction power supply. This paper compares various aspects of overhead contact system protection in the traditional 25 kV AC electric traction system against an alternative solution. Pros and cons of each approach are discussed and potential future developments are proposed.Development of IEC61850 hardware laboratory platform for substation protection and control integration
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp_20080088
Reliable and efficient operation of substation equipment is of considerable importance to transmission and distribution networks. The paper explores the new emerging IEC61850 substation communication standard and presents an IEC61850 based laboratory platform that consists of real time digital simulator (RTDS), several embedded programmable interrupt controller (PIC) boards and a PC. The RTDS is used to simulate a substation suitable for the investigation of various monitoring, protection and control functions. Embedded microcomputer boards are used as intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) or relays to sample and control the substation equipment. The PC is used as the substation micro SCADA system having client/server communication software and human machine interface (HMI). It displays the status of the substation equipment graphically. An integrated application for monitoring the power quality in the substation is presented and discussed.Short circuit analysis tool using 3<sup xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/">rd</sup> generation (3G) mobile technology
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp_20080114
On the UK Rail Network, West Coast Main Line, a programme is in place to standardise the electrical feeder protection relays for the overhead electrification. Part of that standardisation has included the provision of remote post fault data extraction facilities which could be initiated centrally by users over the internet, set to interrogate the relays over feeder station analogue telephone lines, uploading that data into a central database, rendering the same via a web application for post incident analysis. This system is known as "SCAT" (short circuit analysis tool) and supplements the SCADA systems. Following the upgrade of part of the West Coast Main line overhead electrification system from booster transformer to an autotransformer system, a need arose to improve the reliability of communications between the central database and the feeder stations. The analogue telephone lines were proving to be troublesome at certain locations and the standardised feeder protection relays needed to be "on line" for longer in order to upload their more "rich" fault data. This has necessitated an upgrade to the SCAT system and two requirements arose from this, namely: 1) More robust data communications at troublesome sites based on inexpensive technologies. 2) An upgrade to the SCAT system to accommodate the standardised feeder protection relays. This paper discusses the technical challenges faced in the implementation of a "fit and forget" remote mobile data acquisition system and the realisation that a relatively inexpensive remote condition monitoring system had been created in the process.WiFi and WiMax: break through in wireless access technologies
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp_20080165
Data in the good old days was only the stepchild of telephone network, the speech being the main child. This scenario gradually changed with data acquiring important place and this gave rise to access technologies. Data volumes to be transported were constantly on the rise due to computers becoming more and more sophisticated and graduating from mainframe to PCs and necessitating ever growing need for computer- to- computer communication at higher and higher bit rates. All this led to wireless data communication technologies like Wi-Fi and WiMax which combine the techniques developed for modems, LANs, WANs, MANs with the wireless technologies. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the various technologies that have gone into high speed wireless data communication and led to significantly higher data speeds and to look at the IEEE WiFi and WiMax standards.Integrated protection and control communications out with the substation: cyber security challenges
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp_20080124
Digital protection and control, or an integrated substation control system (iSCS), is now widely adopted by Utilities in place of traditional systems. Remote communication for operational supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and maintenance via WAN and other non-dedicated networks, now present greater risks from interference; accidental or malicious, requiring additional cyber security procedures to be adopted. Emerging critical infrastructure protection regulation and standards from NERC (North American Electric Reliability Council) in North America and CPNI (Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure) in the UK are considered in combination with international information security standards and best practises in enterprise security.Fault detection for the aircraft distribution systems using impedance estimation
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp_20080605
With the move towards "more electric aircraft" there is a greater need to quickly identify and locate electrical faults within the distribution system. The work presented in this paper forms an initial study into the use of power system impedance measurement for identifying faults types within the power cables. The method is passive - i.e. does not require the injection of any test signals - and can potentially be embedded into a centralised equipment controller to provide intelligent diagnostics. A simplified aircraft distribution system has been simulated. It includes four lumped loads which represent distribution panels ('nodes') connecting the distribution bus to groups of loads. The principle to fault identification employed here is that at each of the four nodes, a high sample frequency data acquisition system (DAS) can be used to measure the voltage at the point of connection and the node current. This DAS can continually perform frequency domain analysis of these measurements and calculate equivalent system impedance. If a fault occurs, at harmonic frequencies the identified impedance changes and this can provide information about fault type and fault location. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of this approach.10.2 G Sample/s DAQ system for optical scanning acoustic microscopy using 0.35 μm CMOS technology
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic_20080112
This paper presents an ultra-fast CMOS Data- Acquisition system. It has been developed predominately for use in Optical Scanning Acoustic Microscopy, and it is also applicable in RF transceiver systems. The key modules of this system include a sub- sampling sample-and-hold amplifier, and a pulse generator, which is based on a 2.6 GHz PLL with quadrature outputs and provides control signals for the SHA. The DAQ system is implemented in a standard 0.35 μm CMOS process, and achieves 10.2 G Sample/s sampling rate for the 80 MHz periodic laser input. (8 pages)Electrification system testing
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic.2007.1659
This paper presents an overview of electrification system testing as applied to Network Rail's infrastructure, but most aspects are equally valid for other systems and administrations. It covers why testing is required, basic methods of testing and processing and analysis of the acquired data.SCADA & related telecommunications systems
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic.2007.1650
This paper discusses about the use of SCADA on railway. It defines about the practitioners of SCADA. Railway electrification is being discussed. Supervisory control of railway is done by data acquisition.Helicopter-borne MTD radar development and flight test for moving clutter
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp_20070534
Helicopter-borne multi-mode radar experimental model has been developed for air surveillance and navigation mission study. In this paper, the radar system is designed and implemented with the key system and subsystem specification, and the various field tests are conducted for performance evaluation. Key subsystems are the planar array antenna, coherent transceiver, and multi-DSP based radar signal processor for pulse compression, MTI and MTD, CFAR, and compensation processing of shifted clutter spectrum. Through the helicopter-borne radar flight test using real-time radar data acquisition system, the Doppler shift of clutter spectrum due to the platform motion is measured and analyzed in terms of the various operational parameters. (4 pages)npower - renewable DCDAS - a portfolio wide supervisory SCADA system
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic_20060385
The presentation will focus on the issues and difficulties in specifying, designing, installing and commissioning a generic 'supervisory' SCADA system across a geographically separated portfolio of wind farms along with the establishment of an operations centre with responsibility of over 30 separate npower-renewables (hydro and wind) sites.The GB system operator's preparations and enduring role
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic_20060543
A collection of slides from the author's conference presentation is given. The paper discusses the power transmission dispatch and SCADA systems.Simultaneous monitoring of mechanical and electrical properties of pregnant uterus
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp_20060341
The presented data acquisition system allows recording of electrohysterographic signals from maternal abdomen and the mechanical contractions via strain gauge transducer. As a research material we collected 108 traces during 24-hour period before labour from the group of patients between 37 and 40 week of gestation. That enabled the detection of contractions in the both signals and comparison of their descriptive parameters. Obtained results shows that these methods demonstrate high agreement only in relation to the number of contractions recognized as being consistent. But, the agreement of detailed contractions parameters is unacceptable to consider these methods as fully alternative. (4 pages)Design of support platform of the intelligent SCADA-EMS system
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp_20062156
To solve the problems of current SCADA/EMS systems, in this paper we have developed a support platform of the Intelligent SCADA/ EMS System (ISES), Which can easily integrate power system analysis programs delivered by various companies, such as state estimation, real time power flow, short load forecast, etc. The essential work for the ISES is to design a strong support platform. In this paper, we introduce the support platform and discuss its basic structure and principle. Firstly, the platform is developed based on the ACE so as to guarantee that the top-level intelligent SCADA/EMS system is a cross-OS application. Secondly, as the kernel of the platform, background real time database (RTDBS) is designed as type of multi-mode and multi-edition. Thirdly, all data model and data access interfaces used in the platform is designed based on standard of IEC-61970 CIM/CIS. Work of this paper is helpful to develop more powerful and intelligent SCADA/EMS system. (6 pages)