New Publications are available for Wireless sensor networks
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New Publications are available now online for this publication.
Please follow the links to view the publication.Spectrally efficient ultra wideband transmission over wireless sensor networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0609
This paper addresses a novel spectrally-efficient signal model for Ultra Wideband (UWB)-based wireless sensor systems. Indeed, an optimal auxiliary independent signal (AIS) is proposed to suppress undesired spectral lines using a defined spectral optimization problem. A spectral notching scheme based upon digital filtering to synthesize UWB pulses is also designed to limit the interferences caused by the existing narrowband interferers. Based on the current contribution, different transmission scenarios are presented for sensor communications. Finally, the spectral characteristics and performances are evaluated by numerical results. (5 pages)Routing algorithm of WSN under interference environment
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0590
Interference is one of the most crucial factors in any wireless communication system. Dealing with it could be very complicated because of its unpredictability, but it is essential in order to deliver complete and comprehensible information to the destination. The aim of this work is to implement a routing algorithm, based on the classic AODV, which is able to find a new route to the destination in case one or more interference sources affect packets' routes. The algorithm looks for the shortest route to the destination going around the interference areas. Both static and dynamic interference sources have been considered. As demonstrated from the experimental tests, it achieves better performance than the classic AODV since the process of finding a new route is in most of the cases faster and in particular the network utilization is drastically reduced, which leads to a considerable power saving. (5 pages)DRMA-CR: distributed reservation multiple access with consecutive requests for wireless sensor networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0592
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a medium access control (MAC) protocol should be designed to enhance channel throughput, end to end delay, and energy efficiency under the multi-hop communication. This paper proposes a distributed reservation multiple access with consecutive requests (DRMA-CR) as an efficient MAC protocol to comply with these design requirements. This scheme reduces channel access overhead by successively delivering data via the path reservation using consecutive request strategy on the multi-hop path. In addition, it efficiently allocates channel resources to all nodes on the reserved path according to the expected interference range. Also, it enables automatic time synchronisation among nodes based on the time information carried in control packets. Furthermore, it emphasizes energy efficiency by following a repeated duty cycle with active and inactive operations during idle period, and by performing an inactive operation during unrelated data transmission period. In simulation, DRMA-CR shows superior performance in channel throughput, end to end delay and energy efficiency than CSMA/CA with a small or large interference ranges. (5 pages)Reinforcement learning based ALOHA for multi-hop wireless sensor networks with informed receiving
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0582
In this paper, an ALOHA based Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol (RL-ALOHA with Informed Receiving) is proposed for multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which overcomes the traditional problems of low throughput, while exploiting their advantages of simplicity, low computational complexity and overheads. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is implemented as an intelligent slot assignment strategy in order to avoid collisions with minimal additional overheads. To improve the energy efficiency, Informed Receiving (IR) and ping packets are applied to avoid idle listening and overhearing. The simulation results show that this approach significantly increases the energy efficiency, achieves over twice throughput of Slotted ALOHA and reduces the end-to-end delay. (6 pages)Robust stability of solar-power wireless network control system with stochastic time delays based on H2 norm
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0605
In this paper, the robust stability analysis of Solar Wireless Networked Control Systems (SWNCSs) with stochastic time delays and packet dropout is investigated. The Robust Model Predictive Controller (RMPC) technique for the SWNCS is discussed using the linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique. Based on the SWNCS model, the RMPC (a full state feedback controller) can be constructed by using the Lyapunov functional method. Both sensor-to-controller and controller-to-actuator time delays of the SWNCS are considered as stochastic variables controlled by a Markov chain. A discrete-time Markovian Jump Linear System (MJLS) with norm bounded time delay is presented to model the SWNCSs. Sufficient conditions for stochastic stability based on H_2-norm and stabilization of the fundamental systems are derived via LMIs formulation. Finally, an illustrative numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. (6 pages)A channel assignment algorithm for cognitive radio wireless sensor networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0583
Cognitive Radio (CR) is a promising technology for improving spectrum utilization in wireless computer networks. Cognitive radio has the ability to sense the spectrum, decide the vacant bands and use of these available bands in an opportunistic approach. Cognitive Radios can be used in both licensed and unlicensed bands. In this case, the licensed wireless users (Primary Users) are a priority for using allocated band. Cognitive radio users (Secondary Users) are allowed to access the channel, if they do not cause interference in the performance of PU. So, Channel management is an important factor on system performance. In cognitive radio sensor network (CRSN), a wireless sensor network (SU) has been merged with a primary system such as mobile network as a cognitive scheme. Because of power constraints in wireless sensor network (WSN), channel management algorithms should be designed for decreasing power consumption. In this paper, a novel channel assignment algorithm for cognitive radio sensor network is proposed and its performance on two power consuming functions include spectrum handoff and users collision is explored. (4 pages)Enhanced security technique for wireless sensor network nodes
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0610
The lightweight computational nodes being used in WSN pose particular challenge for many security applications. This paper investigates a number of security techniques and novel implementations appropriate for WSN nodes, including various trade-offs such as implementation complexity, power dissipation, security flexibility and scalability. (5 pages)Self-calibrated wireless sleep sensing system for brain injury diagnostics
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0586
A wide range of conditions fall under the category of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) diagnosis. In this article, we focus on a new method during sleep to detect mTBI associated with neuro-cognitive impairment that is not apparent using standard neuro-imaging methods. A wireless pressure sensor system comprising a piezo-resistive flexible substrate paired with a microcontroller and a radio is designed and built to provide information relevant to mTBI detection. The collected information is then processed with a software program to remove noise and interference, and detect both sleep states and cardio-respiratory movements. (5 pages)Sensors in cyber-physical emergency systems
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0578
This paper surveys current research on wireless sensor assisted evacuation and rescue systems and discusses related research in communications and sensor networks. Other important issues that we survey for large scale emergency response systems include distributed control, knowledge discovery, and prototyping platforms. (7 pages)Application of LTE to wireless sensor systems
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0603
Wireless sensors may be connected directly to a cellular network. The power consumption and cost of these cellular devices need to be minimised. Sensors typically create small infrequent datagrams. A 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) network needs to communicate many signalling messages in order to transfer these datagrams. This paper presents some novel techniques to reduce the power consumption and cost of LTE devices and to reduce the signalling associated with supporting sensor systems over an LTE network. (5 pages)An Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) and Google gadgets based micro-injection moulding process monitoring system
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0584
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have been used in various industrial monitoring applications, with the latest trend being their integration and that of other devices into the “Internet of Things (IoT)” vision in which millions of devices will be interconnected online. One industrial environment which still has not had much exposure to WSNs and the IoT is the plastics industry environment particularly Injection Moulding (IM), Micro Injection Moulding (μIM) and Extrusion. In this paper a novel approach is presented for monitoring a typical plastics industry environment based on three major technologies: WSN, Service Orientated Architecture (SOA) and Google Gadgets (GG). This is applied to a heterogeneous network of WSN nodes and National Instruments (NI) high speed data acquisition (DAQ) devices. The SOA (De-facto solution in Enterprise-IT systems) enables IT resources like specific departmental applications, business partners, business processes, systems to be accessed as a service hence allowing seamless interoperability. Here we describe; architectural design, system integration and user interfaces for a prototype system developed for the Centre for Polymer Micro and Nano Technology (MNT) at the University of Bradford which makes use of the WSO2 Carbon Platform's Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) and the GG API. (6 pages)Adaptive leading edge detection for WSN localisation inside industrial processes
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0581
Research presented in this paper considers the development of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) positioning technique that uses Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) to locate sensors transmitting Ultra Wideband (UWB) pulses. Two localisation algorithms have been examined with their accuracy depending on detection of the leading edges (LEs) of received pulses. A prototype algorithm shown major weaknesses in detecting LEs and was quite inaccurate. This paper proposes a novel adaptive LE method that improves localisation accuracy almost twice as opposed to the prototype method. (5 pages)Lifetime enhancement in wireless sensor networks using fuzzy approach and A-star algorithm
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0611
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used in many applications to gather sensitive information which is then forwarded to an analysis centre. Resource limitations have to be taken into account when designing a WSN infrastructure. Unbalanced energy consumption is an inherent problem in WSNs characterized by multi-hop routing and many-to-one traffic pattern. This uneven energy dissipation can significantly reduce network lifetime. This paper proposes a new routing method for WSNs to extend the network lifetime using a combination of Fuzzy approach and A-star algorithm. The proposal is to determine the optimal routing path from the source to the destination by favouring the highest remaining battery power, minimum number of hops, as well as minimum traffic loads. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of balancing energy consumption and maximization of network lifetime, we compare our approach with A-star search algorithm and Fuzzy approach using the same routing criteria. Simulation results demonstrate that the network lifetime is significantly increased by employing the proposed routing method. (6 pages)Security infrastructure in open wireless sensor and cellular mobility architectures
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0596
An integrated security mechanism is one of the significant challenges in the open wireless network infrastructure because of the diversity of the wireless networks in OMI (Open Mobility Infrastructures) and the unique security mechanism used in each one of these networks. The overall security of the network is as strong as its weakest component and the integration of the overall security mechanism in OMI is of primary importance. In this article, we comparatively analyze the unique network-centric features and security mechanisms of various heterogeneous wireless networks that are expected to be part of OMI concepts and then propose a unique integrated security infrastructure. (5 pages)An adaptable physical layer for wireless sensor networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0589
Although many applications of wireless sensor networks require single channel radio communication through air, there is sometimes a need to change radio parameters at run-time. This paper presents the physical layer of a protocol stack that has been designed to support the run-time variation of transceiver parameters with the intention of identifying a satisfactory radio configuration for a wireless sensor network intended to operate in a hostile radio environment. (5 pages)Extended Stable Election Protocol (SEP) for three-level hierarchical clustered heterogeneous WSN
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0595
In heterogeneous sensor networks, some nodes become cluster heads which aggregate the data of their cluster nodes and transmit it to the sink. Here, the authors present an extended Stable Election Protocol (SEP) algorithm for cluster head selection in a hierarchically clustered heterogeneous network to reorganize the network topology efficiently. The presented algorithm considers the sensor nodes are static and randomly distributed in the heterogeneous network, the coordinates of the sink and the dimensions of the sensor field are known. Our simulation result shows that the extended SEP algorithm achieves better performance than the existing SEP algorithm in terms of network lifetime and throughput. (4 pages)A distributed sensing and medium access algorithm to prolong the lifetime of WSN
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0599
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) as a wide application vise technology are in the center of researcher attention. Because of their characteristics, energy consumption is the main factor for WSN deployment. In this paper we try to propose a distributed scheduling algorithm to extend the network lifetime. Since sensor nodes might generate significant redundant data, in the proposed scheduling algorithm, just predetermined node collaborates in sensing and transmitting phase to prevent similar packets from multiple neighbor nodes. So the number of similar packets which transmitted to the sink is decreased. In addition the scheduling algorithm lead to low collisions and also the retransmission packets is reduced. Since the proposed method is completely distributed the nodes do not suffer from any transmission overhead. The simulation results compare the total delay, collision rate and consumed energy. As depicted in the results the proposed method make the network more energy efficient and also improve the collision rate and end-to-end delay. (5 pages)Design and comparative analysis of single-path and epidemic approaches to information and energy management in wireless sensor networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0602
Intelligent energy management is a key challenge in Wireless Sensor Networks. The choice of an appropriate routing algorithm constitutes a critical factor, especially in unstructured networks where, due to their dynamic nature, a reactive routing protocol is necessary. Such networks often favour packet flooding to fulfil this need. One such algorithm is IDEALS, a technique proposed in the literature, which balances energy consumed with information delivered. This paper evaluates the use of a single-path solution with IDEALS to increase efficiency. Simulation results comparing the two approaches show that the single-path algorithm outperforms flooding in terms of energy consumption for any network size. Furthermore the benefit of IDEALS is preserved as its combination with the single-path algorithm maximises information throughput. (5 pages)Wireless sensor network for underwater communication
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0579
Although, attenuation in Electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation underwater is high at high frequencies, the theory predicts that propagation is possible at some useful distance in the lower Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. The aim of this paper is to study the feasibility of using radio transceivers underwater for developing a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) that could be used in various applications. Experiments with low cost wireless sensor transceivers operating at a frequency of 2.4GHz ISM band were carried out and data was successfully wirelessly collected underwater. Wireless Sensor Networks is proposed for increasing communication range. Furthermore, antennas experiments shown that monopole outperformed and will be selected for further stage in underwater communication systems. (6 pages)Privacy: the forgotten challenge in sensor and distributed systems
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0594
Privacy is a right that is granted by law and decree to all citizens of Europe and to the registered organisations they work, play or congregate through. The role of sensor networks in general, and wireless sensor networks in particular, in maintaining the privacy of users is considerable, but unfortunately very largely not addressed or not understood. The paper introduces on-going work in FP7 project i-Tour and in the world of standards at ETSI on the means to exchange privacy assertions across distributed networks such that the original consent is maintained even when new actors are introduced to the system. (4 pages)A novel scheduling strategy for reconfigurable HW under energy-harvesting environment
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0601
The scheduling of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) node with energy harvesting is fundamentally different from battery-based node. However, reconfigurable HW has different power consumption modes compared with processor-based implementation. Therefore, adaptive scheduling strategy is needed for reconfigurable HW under energy-harvesting environment. In this paper, a novel scheduling is proposed to schedule hardware reconfiguration. For WSN implementation, the proposed strategy aims to achieve higher efficiency with less computing requirement. In the proposed strategy, a task window is built first. Then, inside the task window, the executing time for each task is tallied. Only the most used task in future (MUF) is implemented using reconfigurable HW. An HW-reconfigurable WSN node is presented with related design flow to demonstrate the proposed scheduling strategy. Four test cases are chosen to evaluate our strategy. The execution of test cases is divided into blocks of 256 bit as ation. Three other strategies (All Hardware, All Software, Random) are adopted to implement the evaluation. The results from the experiments show that more than 50% energy cost can be saved if the proposed method is implemented. (5 pages)Networkable carbon monoxide control system for nomadic indoor cooking environment
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0597
In this paper we address the life-threatening problem of indoor CO air pollution generated by traditional indoor cooking practices in many local communities of sub-Sahara African countries. Using low cost smart wireless sensors we can provide an effective low cost life saving solution for many people and young lives today. Taking on a case study for using networkable wireless sensors we propose a new infrastructure to measure the amount of indoor carbon credit discharged during the cooking period with a view to establishing a new monitoring and control process of sending alerts through wireless channels to the fusing points. The work also reports a new networking design, practical issues and battery life management upon the measurements and simulation results. (5 pages)Design of a compact RF energy harvester for wireless sensor networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0600
We present a method for powering electronic devices from ambient Radio Frequency (RF) signals. Our proposed design of RF energy harvester is made of a compact ferrite rod antenna together with the electronics necessary for converting the received signal into a form that can directly replace batteries. We show that our device can, in principal, power a wireless sensor node from ambient medium wave transmissions so long as the node is within 120 km of a 150kW transmitter. (5 pages)Three-dimensional route prediction algorithm based on minimal available information in wireless ad hoc sensor networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0604
In this paper we propose a three dimensional algorithm for the optimum route prediction based on minimal available information, as we have no information from node position, velocity and velocity change also transmission power. The algorithm holds capabilities to finds a proactive route prediction in wireless sensor networks and predicts link lifetime capable to capturing the remaining time for which a link can be used for efficiently routing, therefore intended to be used for optimized route construction with consideration to predict longest living link lifetime between two nodes, without adaptation of specific mobility model. We present an adaptive route prediction algorithm that accurately predicts the longest living link between nodes in wireless sensor network, as algorithm gets input from a periodically sampled data that gathered in a noisy range of two nodes of a link. (5 pages)Wireless sensor networks Zigbee applied on sewage treatment station
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0598
The good efficiency in a sewage treatment plant (WWTP) is a great importance to the environment. The management of electromechanical equipment installed in these stations is a major challenge due to the fact that they are installed on areas of difficult access and maintenance unhealthy and making the time for the correction of any faults is extended. This paper proposes the development of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), in order to monitor electromechanical equipment, allowing the Concessionaire a predictive control in real time. The design of a wireless sensors network for monitoring equipment requires not only the development and assembly of the sensor modules, but must also include the development of software for managing the data collected. Thus, this work includes a Zigbee WSN, small, adapted for monitoring of electromechanical equipment and environmental conditions of a WWTP, type stabilization pond, installed in an area of approximately 0.15 km<sup xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/">2</sup> and the average flow of 320 liters of treatment per second. The experimental results show that this monitoring system can perform with the collection of parameters of performance and quality assessment at the station. (5 pages)An experimental wireless sensor system based on low cost, lower power wireless nodes
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0591
In this paper we present an experimental wireless sensor network system implemented in an office environment. The system is characterised by a network of sensor nodes with configurable physical layer parameters, accompanied by a set of lightweight and flexible protocols for communications among the sensor nodes. The system design is targeted at relatively small-scale wireless sensor network applications where the optimum protocol design is highly dependent on the specific application requirements. The experimental system also serves as an ideal platform for testing ideas and performing feasibility studies. The idea of using lower data rate transmissions for orphan node detection and capture is explored on this system and measurements of the radio range difference with different transmission data rates are reported. The measurement results show that the idea is feasible and effective in a realistic office environment. (5 pages)Waveform Design and Diversity for Advanced Radar Systems
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/books/ra/pbra022e
<p xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/">The phrase 'waveform design and diversity' refers to an area of radar research that focuses on novel transmission strategies as a way to improve performance in a variety of civil, defense and homeland security applications. Three basic principles are at the core of waveform diversity. First is the principle that any and all knowledge of the operational environment should be exploited in system design and operation. Second is the principle of the fully adaptive system, that is, that the system should respond to dynamic environmental conditions. Third is the principle of measurement diversity as a way to increase system robustness and expand the design trade space. Waveform design and diversity concepts can be found dating back to the mid-twentieth century. However, it has only been in the past decade or so, as academics and practitioners have rushed to exploit recent advances in radar hardware component technology, such as arbitrary waveform generation and linear power amplification, that waveform diversity has become a distinct area of research. The purpose of this book is to survey this burgeoning field in a way that brings together the diverse yet complementary topics that comprise it. The topics covered range from the purely theoretical to the applied, and the treatment of these topics ranges from tutorial explanation to forward-looking research discussions. The topics treated in this book include: classical waveform design and its extensions through information theory, multiple-input multiple-output systems, and the bio-inspired sensing perspective; the exploration of measurement diversity through distributed radar systems, in both cooperative and non-cooperative configurations; the optimal adaptation of the transmit waveform for target detection, tracking, and identification; and more. This representative cross-section of topics provides the reader with a chance to see the three principles of waveform diversity at work, and will hopefully point the way to further advances in this exciting area of research.</p>Distributed target tracking under realistic network conditions
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic.2011.0159
Distributed target tracking has been a widely studied problem for different applications, more recently considering distributed particle filter techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). However, the adaptation of distributed tracking filters to sensor networks with limited field-of-view and large raw-data management constraints under realistic networking conditions has not yet received enough attention. In this work, we extend the distributed particle filter formulation and enable its operation in realistic scenarios by introducing a next-hop selection mechanism for the aggregation chain and a target hand- over strategy that is capable of handling detection misses and target losses. The filter is tested using a network simulation environment over an area of 6000 m<sup xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/">2</sup> and networks of up to 1000 sensors. (5 pages)WiSE-MNet: an experimental environment for wireless multimedia sensor networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic.2011.0171
We propose a simulation environment for networks for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs), i.e. net- works with sensors capturing complex vectorial data, such as for example video and audio. The proposed simulation environment allows us to model the communication layers, the sensing and distributed applications of a WMSN. This Wireless Simulation Environment for Multimedia Networks (WiSE-MNet) is based on Castalia/Omnet++ and is available as open source to the research community [1]. The environment is designed to be flexible and extensible, and has a simple camera model that enables the simulation of distributed computer-vision algorithms at a high level of abstraction. We demonstrate the effectiveness of WiSE-MNet with a distributed tracking application. (5 pages)Joint receiver design and power allocation strategies for wireless sensor networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic.2011.0140
In this paper, we consider a 2-hop wireless sensor network (WSN) with multiple relay nodes where the amplify- and-forward (AF) scheme is employed. Our strategy is to jointly design the linear receiver and the power allocation parameter via an alternating optimization approach subject to global, individual and neighbour-based power constraints respectively. We derive constrained minimum mean-square error (MMSE) expressions for the linear receiver and the power allocation parameter that contains the optimal complex amplification coefficients for each relay nodes. Computer simulations show good performance of our proposed methods in terms of bit error rate (BER) compared with the method with equal power allocation. Furthermore, the method with neighbour-based constraint brings a feature to balance the performance against the computational complexity and the need for feedback information which is desirable for WSNs to extend their lifetime. (5 pages)The potential of Internet of Things (IOT) for assisted living applications
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic.2011.0040
Presents a collection of slides covering the following topics: m-IOT; healthcare IT; medicine; mobile healthcare; Long Term Evolution; 4G health; m-health; Internet of things; RFID; protocol; WSN; AAL systems; diabetes management system; cellular phone; assisted living; wireless medical sensors; ulPv6 and 6LoWPAN. (40 pages)Detecting malicious beacon nodes for secure localization in distributed wireless networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic.2011.0081
Secure distance-based localization in the presence of cheating beacon (anchor) nodes is an important problem in mobile wireless adhoc and sensor networks. Despite significant research efforts in this direction, some fundamental questions still remain unaddressed. When the number of cheating beacon nodes is greater than or equal to a given threshold, no two-dimensional distance-based localization algorithms exist that can guarantee a bounded error. In this paper, the problem of robust distance-based localization in the presence of malicious beacon nodes will assume theoretically that the number of malicious beacon nodes are below threshold and derive a necessary and sufficient condition for having a bounded localization error and use heuristic algorithm that can achieve a bounded error. Suppose if the number of cheating beacons is equal or more than the threshold will use the suspicious message detection by signal strength for detecting and eliminating malicious beacon nodes. The primary goal here is to conduct a thorough analytical study of the distance-based localization problem in the presence of cheating beacons. Finally, it shows that the heuristic-based algorithm provides good localization precision with a very small tune cost.Detection of wormhole attacks in wireless sensor network
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic.2011.0042
The Wireless Sensor Networks are typically deployed in ubiquitous and pervasive applications that make them susceptible to various forms of security attacks. In addition, the limited battery, processing and memory powered sensor nodes make it difficult to devise the security protocols that are inherently resource intensive. One of the potent forms of attacks is the Wormhole attacks a Denial of Service attack on the network layer. In this paper, we investigate the techniques to deal with wormhole attacks and propose a simple yet attractive approach for wormhole detection. Our approach is based on the analysis of the statistics of the sent and the received number of packets by each node m the network. To prevent the malicious nodes from modifying the contents of the packets, we also propose an approach to generate a unique key between the nodes and the base station that may further be used in the ciphering operations.Wireless sensor network lifetime optimization
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic.2011.0090
This paper presents wireless sensor network (WSN) for environmental monitoring with optimized lifetime. The node is equipped with multimode sensors for sensing different environmental parameters. An efficient utilization of power is essential in order to use networks for long duration, hence it is needed to reduce data traffic inside sensor networks, reduce amount of data that need to send to sink. This paper aims at studying different strategies to maximize the WSN lifetime, including routing, data aggregation, data accuracy and energy consumption. The main idea is to define a multi-metrics protocol that takes into account the residual energy within sensor nodes, data aggregation and data accuracy.This paper considers three optimization metrics. First of all, it considers the construction of routing tree with energy and distance parameters.The objective is to maximize the number of data gathering queues answered until the first node m the network fails. Secondly, data aggregation is done by gathering data in an energy efficient manner The aim of the proposed work is to compare the performance in terms of energy efficiency in comparison with and without data aggregation in WSN. Thirdly, the trade-off between data quality and energy consumption to increase the lifetime of WSN is considered.A new indoor mobile node tracking scheme based on RSSI and Kalman filter
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0878
In this paper, a novel scheme to track moving node in indoor wireless sensor network is proposed. Firstly, the observed position is estimated by a moving node position algorithm based on Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI). Secondly, a Kalman filter is used to estimate position in order to improve position accuracy. Simulation results show the effectiveness of presented algorithm in indoor environments.Integration of IOT with smart grid
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0763
In this paper, we studied the basic requirements of the smart grid. By applying Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, various intelligent services can be created. The development of most aspects of the smart grid would be enhanced by the applying IoT. Three-layer architecture of IoT for the smart grid in China is proposed. Various information and communication techniques of IoT applied on smart grid are discussed. Particularly, the IoT application solutions are provided in detail for power transmission line monitoring, smart patrol, smart home and electric vehicle management.An improved DV-HOP algorithm for anisotropic wireless sensor network
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0942
The localization of DV-Hop localization algorithm is not so well in anisotropic wireless sensor network. The beacon nodes that closed to one line or the beacon nodes which hop distance from the unknown node under localizing is great will reduce the localization accuracy of DV-Hop localization algorithm. An improved algorithm has been raised in this paper in order to solve the above problems. Fix the nearest beacon node to the unknown node under localizing and discard the beacon nodes combination which DC value is less than 0.15. Weighted value which related to hop distance is add to appropriate beacon nodes combination. It is shown in simulation result that the localization accuracy of IDV-Hop algorithm is improved at least 16% when compared to DV-Hop algorithm in a typical anisotropic wireless sensor network raised by this paper. And the localization coverage has also been improved a little.Relaying Kalman filters for range-based sensor networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0948
Due to limited sensing range for sensors, moving object tracking has to be realized by relaying from one sensor to the other in sensor networks, and so the tracking procedure can be modelled as a Markov chain system. Based on the Bayesian theory, we propose the relaying Kalman filter(RKF) algorithm which introduce the equations of updating sensor probability, and reconstruct the innovation equation. Compared with the simple fusion(SF) method, the RKF algorithm has better performance, but at the cost of its computational complexity. Finally, simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.Developing a disaster surveillance system based on wireless sensor network and cloud platform
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0770
Typically, today's WSN disaster surveillance system operates poorly in its accuracy and timeliness and can only detect a single type of disasters. This owes largely to the congestion brought about by excessive communication traffic and the processing limitation of the server which dramatically restrict the development of disaster surveillance systems. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a new scheme in improving the traditional disaster surveillance systems. At the data collection and transmission layer, orthogonal neural network algorithm, which is based on the wavelet transform, is introduced to promote the surveillance accuracy and reduce the network congestion. At the data storage and computing layer, cloud storage and distributed parallel computing are used to overcome the limitation of the previous storage and computation. At last, the paper gives the concrete implementation plan and verifies the superiority of the system.A sensing optimal proposal based on intelligent street lighting system
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0816
This paper introduces an intelligent street lighting system (ISLS) based on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) which uses pyroelectric infrared sensors (PIR) detect pedestrians and vehicles. One goal of our research is to design an optimal proposal of deploying PIR in ISLS. We present a mathematical model for sensing area of PIR, and analyze the factors that affect the sensing area of PIR. An optimal sensor deployment scheme is proposed, taking into account the sensing requirement of community street. The simulation results confirm that the deploying algorithm is feasible in community street.Optimal distributed estimation in mobile ad hoc sensor networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.1462
Consider a set of mobile wireless sensors that are embedded in devices that might, for example, be carried by pedestrians or vehicles that move about a city. A subset of these sensors may observe a localized event that occurs when they are all at approximately the same time/location. As they continue to move, the first one to take action based on its observations assumes the role of a Cluster-Head (CH) and floods the ad-hoc network with a request that all other sensors that collected observations of that event send in estimates related to some aspect of it.A BLUE estimator is used to fuse the individual estimates received by the CH. To ensure that these local estimates are unbiased, even if they are based on noisy observations and are relayed over multiple noisy wireless channels, we employ dithered quantization and channel compensation. We then determine the optimal number of bits for each sensor to transmit to minimize the energy the network uses to produce a BLUE with a specified MSE. The motion of each sensor determines how many hops its transmitted data traverses to reach the CH and thus how many bits it should transmit to the CH. We model this motion in the 1D case as a Correlated Random Walk (CRW). This allows us to precisely determine transient behavior, even with geographical restrictions and preferred directions of motion. We can then determine the energy, as a function of time, required to collect the estimates from all relevant sensors for the MSE of the final estimate to achieve a threshold. We demonstrate the capability of this approach by determining the minimum energy required to produce the estimate from a set of sensors that starts walking at one traffic light, spreads out in space, and then gathers together at the next traffic light.Adaptive congestion avoidance scheme based on reinforcement learning for wireless sensor network
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0664
Energy efficiency and QoS-aware are the key issues of wireless sensor network (WSN). In this paper, we proposed a congestion avoidance scheme devoting to efficient use of energy and adaptive maintain well QoS quality by self-adapt routing. Because it is difficult to obtain the state of network energy and QoS in a practical condition, we are motivated to utilize reinforcement learning to obtain the routing strategy in multi-path communication of WSN. We extend the R-learning algorithm to solve the difficulty of the nodes obtaining the network's status information. We compare the proposed scheme to other congestion avoidance protocols, such as CR. The simulation results show that the performance of our schemes is prior to existing ones.An energy efficient event detection protocol for infrastructure and earthwork condition monitoring using wireless sensor networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0580
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are uniquely suited for monitoring environmental events because they are extremely small in size, inexpensive and require no wiring for data transport which means that they are easy to install in most locations and applications. However, the use of WSNs is restricted by one engineering limitation: short lifetime. This paper develops an Adaptive Detection-driven Ad hoc Medium Access Control (ADAMAC) protocol in order to support energy efficient event detection of WSNs during infrastructure and earthwork stability monitoring. ADAMAC limits the Data Forwarding Interruption problem which causes increased end-to-end delay and energy consumption in multi-hop sensor networks. ADAMAC uses early warning alarms to dynamically adapt the sensing intervals and communication periods of a sensor according to the likelihood of any new events occurring. Results demonstrate that compared to previous protocols such as SMAC, ADAMAC dramatically reduces end-to-end delay while still limiting energy consumption during data collection and dissemination. (6 pages)A low-power temperature and humidity monitoring system base on WSN
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0935
A new scheme of low-power temperature and humidity monitoring system base on wireless sensor network (WSN) is proposed to overcome the weakness of the ones at present. In this paper, a star topology is used as the structure of network, and the microcontroller unit (MCU) as the main control device in base station and slave stations. Slave stations use SHT11 digital temperature and humidity sensor to complete data acquisition, and exchange data with base station by low-power multi-channel nRF905 transceiver chip. This paper introduces the hardware and software of the base station, using the communication protocol and frequency hopping (FH) mechanism to ensure the reliability of data transmission, increasing the robustness of the system. The result shows that this system has the advantage of portable, flexible arrangement, a large coverage area, low power consumption, and small disturbance, etc. The design is worth to be applied in practical applications.Sensor network for HACCP food safety management
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0752
An increasing number of companies are incorporating HACCP practices into their food manufacturing processes in response to growing public concern about food safety and security. Monitoring is an essential part of HACCP and this article describes the features of wireless sensor network designed to perform this task efficiently together with a case study of its use. Hitachi' s sensor network information system can perform monitoring of food production and distribution in real time with no loss of data and its features include sharing of information across a network and easy installation on existing equipment using wireless communications.Wireless sensor home automation networks based upon Sun SPOT
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0295
This paper aims to develop a simple wireless sensor home automation network (WSHAN). The WSHAN is implemented using two different specialised motes, i.e, collector and interface motes. The environmental data is sampled and broadcast by collector motes, and the data is received by interface motes and host. Interface motes can forward data to external systems, i.e., climate control, light control and alarm systems, while the host can save received environmental data for further use. Six testbeds are defined to verify the accuracy and performance of the proposed WSHAN. The results show that the selected sensors are deemed to be accurate enough for an WSHAN. Even though the development kit only includes two physical Sun SPOTs (Small Programmable Object Technology), it is possible to develop a working WSHAN. A combination of the physical and virtual Sun SPOTs provide enough motes for the WSHAN to cover a small house. (6 pages)WSN nodes deployment based on artificial fish school algorithm for traffic monitoring system
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0320
To deal with the optimizing deployment problem of sensor network nodes for Traffic Monitoring System, we use a comprehensive evaluation function to evaluate the performance of the sensor network nodes deployment, and develop a optimization model which take some factors into account, such as the scope of monitoring, communication range etc. The optimization program based on artificial fish school algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. In the simulation experiment, we use a simplified road grid map, and the results show that compared with initial manual deployment, artificial fish school algorithm improved the nodes deployment of wireless sensor network for Traffic Monitoring System. (5 pages)Design of wireless sensor node for drought monitoring in vineyards
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.1079
For the application of vineyards drought monitoring, a wireless sensor network (WSN) sensing node was designed which is suitable for setting up a WSN in vineyards. Each of the sensing nodes was composed of an ATmega128L microprocessor for data processing and controlling, SHT11 and TDR-3 sensor modules for data measurements, and a nRF905 transceiver module for data transmission and reception. In- field networking experiments were conducted in 5 different node deployments based on nodes density. The average values of packet loss rate (PLR) under different scenarios were 0.96%, 3.47%, 7.86%, 10.65%, 14.83%, respectively. Results indicated that the system can collect the temperature, humidity and soil water content, and transmit data remotely to the base station, provided with the characteristics of working stability and reliability. (4 pages)Design and implementation of environmental monitoring system in intelligent home
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0943
Intelligent home is an important part of wisdom urban construction. Home safety, environmental protection and energy efficiency has increasingly become a focus of attention. It is based on such demands, this paper proposes an environmental monitoring system in intelligent home with ATmegal28L as control core, combined with the sensor network technology, to realize information collection, processing and controlling of the internal environment of family, to achieve energy saving and environmental protection and to improve the quality of family living. The tests show that this system works well and has been successful in the Shanghai World Expo Park. It has wide application prospects.A service composition selection method based on sharing routing in wireless sensor networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.1425
Service composition system in wireless sensor networks treats software components provided by sensors as services. Most research into prolongation of uptime of sensor networks is based on adaptive mechanism at the MAC layer and physical layer to minimize the energy consumption and do not consider integration of services requirement and energy of sensor nodes. In this paper we present a novel resource-aware service composition selection method based on sharing routing in WSNs. This method integrates service requirement and sensor networks status as a whole at the service selection stage. This approach improves the ability to mutual perception between service and sensor networks. The performance of sharing routing service composition selection method in WSNs is evaluated.