New Publications are available for Optimisation techniques
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New Publications are available now online for this publication.
Please follow the links to view the publication.An economic model for power exchange of V2GS in parking lots
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0797
Each battery vehicle (V2G) can be charged from the power grid or return its stored energy back to the grid. The effect of a single V2G on the power grid is approximately an ignorable noise. Parking lots can cumulate hundreds of V2Gs in a way that their load/generation impact can influence the grid. This paper proposes a technical and economic model for managing the charging and discharging time of battery vehicles in a parking lot. This model is employed maximizes the parking lot profit, while satisfying vehicle owners. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to set the charging & discharging time table of vehicles. Finally, profit fluctuations due to varying the V2G parameters are investigated. (4 pages)Volt/Var control in a microgrid with consideration of uncertainty of generation in both grid-connected and islanded modes of operation
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0799
In this paper, a strategy based on Genetic algorithm for optimal allocation of reactive power resources in distribution system with microgrid is presented. In the proposed approach uncertainty in power generation of renewable based DG is considered. The main objective is to allocate fixed and switched capacitors as reactive power resources for voltage control within the desired limits on a distribution system with microgrid in both grid connected and islanded modes of operation in single stage. Case study was carried out in a local distribution system with DGs to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. (4 pages)Embedded generation planning in presence of renewable resources using a probabilistic multi-objective optimization approach
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0835
So far, Distributed Generations (DGs) have been vast put in practice due to their evident roles in both technical and economical performance of power distribution systems. This paper investigates the presence of renewable energies once DG integration to the network has to be planned. A multiobjective optimization approach has been presented where the risk costs, the share of private investments, and imposed costs are considered as the main objectives. Performance-based regulation is also incorporated as an incentive mechanism in the DG planning process in presence of renewable energy sources (RES). The proposed scheme is adapted to the 37-Bus IEEE standard test system and the anticipated efficiency of the proposed method is well verified by then. (4 pages)Tactical congestion management: the optimal mix of decentralised generators in a district
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0814
A first step in congestion management is making sure that the average production and consumption per time unit over time match as well as possible, we call this tactical congestion management. The main question in this paper is: what is an optimal mix of DGs such that electricity loss is minimized. (4 pages)Impact of wind speed correlation on planning and operation of distribution network
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0795
This paper establishes the model of wind speed correlation (WSC) by inverse Nataf transformation. The impacts of WSC on distribution network operation and maximum installed capacity of wind power are investigated by Monte Carlo simulation and chance constrained programming method. A new definition of wind power penetration is proposed. Finally, conclusions are duly drawn. (4 pages)Optimal design and analysis system of AC solenoid valve
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0636
Solenoid Valve is a kind of typical low voltage electrical appliance with special working characteristic. Take FDF (FDF is a series of model of solenoid valve Sanhua company produces) series solenoid valve for example which applied widely in refrigerating system. Its temperature rise, vibration noise and so on are key points affecting the product quality. At present, the research on solenoid valve mostly specific to the field in system response time and structure design and it lacks the analysis on the overall performance indexes and optimal design. Therefore, the development of miniaturization, less consumption of the energy and the artificial intelligence of solenoid valve will be restrained. The simulation analyzing system for dynamic characteristic and temperature calculation in working state, dynamic characteristic analysis and integrated optimized design is built and it forms unique database of electrical appliance characteristic analysis and simulation design. It focuses on optimization design module in this paper. The changing regularity of the temperature rise of the electromagnetic mechanism is researched and concluded based on the 3D simulation in electromagnetic and temperature field. And the regular is brought into the optimization design of electromagnetic mechanism. Ant colony optimization is used in the optimal design for the overall performance index, and the dynamic process of the closing state and closed in long term working state are also considered at the same time. The design result is quite satisfied.State estimation in electric distribution networks in presence of distributed generation using the PMUs
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0754
Regarding the high cost of PMU units, optimal placement and minimizing of their numbers are of great importance. Also, this paper proposes a new procedure for determining the optimal placement and less numbers of PMUs in distribution network based on the best state estimation criterion. For DSE solution, combination of Nelder-Mead (NM) simplex search and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm have been used. The hybrid method can estimate voltage phasor at each node by minimizing difference between measured and calculated values of state variables and also, it can guarantee observability of distribution system under normal operation conditions. To demonstrate the effectiveness of new procedure, simulation studies are applied on 30-bus radial test feeder. Finally, achievement results for convergence characteristic of DSE solution and estimation error of state variables with regard to the optimal placement and numbers of PMUs in distribution test feeder have been presented. (4 pages)Optimal reliable distribution network expansion planning using improved PSO algorithm
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0748
Multistage distribution network expansion because of load growth is a complex problem in distribution planning. The problem consists of minimizing total cost of objective function subject to technical constraints. Additionally, the reliability requirements of customers should be optimally satisfied. In this paper, HV/MV substations, main and reserve MV feeders, DG sources and storage units are considered as possible solutions for multistage distribution expansion planning. Some strategies are proposed for DG and storage units operation to optimize the distribution planning. A modified PSO algorithm is applied to solve the optimization problem. Numerical results of the case studies show ability of the methodology. (4 pages)Optimal planning of distribution system considering distributed generators
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0792
This paper presents a methodology for substation optimal planning considering DG for peak shaving. Utility can take effective demand-side management (DSM) to encourage customer-owned DG to participate in peak load shaving, and it can also construct utility DG to meet the peak load demand. In this paper, the impact of DG on peak load shaving is analyzed, and DG is taken as a complement to T&D system to meet load demand, which is considered in the substation planning. Substations sizing and location and new-built utility DG capacity is optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), in which supply area of each substation is obtained by Voronoi diagram method. Case study shows that planning result considering DG for peak shaving can defer T&D system expansion so that considerable investment can be saved. Especially for those areas with high cost of T&D system construction, constructing DG to meet peak load demand would be a more economic way. (4 pages)Simultaneus placement of conventional and renewable distributed generation using fuzzy multiobjective optimization
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0753
This paper proposes fuzzy multi objective optimization to determine the optimal size and location of conventional and renewable distributed generation in distribution network. In this paper the random generation of renewable DG is represented with a probabilistic-fuzzy approach. Operating constraints in DG placement are considered and the amount of ENS and current/voltage constraints evaluated using by fuzzy load flow. Objective function consists of ENS, economical advantage of DG's and also environmental benefits of renewable based DGs. (4 pages)Congestion management in active distribution grids: optimal reserve scheduling under distributed generation uncertainty
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0846
An important component in the modernization of electrical grid infrastructure is the increasing production of energy from renewable distributed generation sources. However, the intermittency of this generation motivates stochastic optimization to address uncertainty, and an adequate system of reserves. This paper investigates the stochastic optimization of a two-tiered distribution reserve system for congestion management. (4 pages)Research on optimization method of high-frequency relay's RF capability based on orthogonal experiment
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0684
High-frequency relays, which could transmit the radio frequency signals without distortion and cut off the signals reliably, are widely applied in the fields of the industry, military and aerospace. The continuous and discontinuous structure on the signal transmission path is the main limit of the radio frequency (RF) performance of the relay. In this paper, a certain type of high-frequency relay was investigated. A 3-D finite element model (FEM) of the relay including the contact system and the typical discontinuous structure was proposed. The influence of the structural dimension on the relay's RF performance was analyzed based on orthogonal experiment method. Then, the key factors that affect the capability of high-frequency relay were determined and an integrated optimization method was proposed to define the optimum parameters. At last, simulation and experimental results showed that the RF performance of the relay, such as Insertion Loss (IL), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) and the isolation (IS), was promoted remarkably after optimization.Real time voltage control in distribution network considering renewable energy sources
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0793
Nowadays, fossil fuels reduction, environmental impacts, transmission line and substation construction costs, economic and technical efficiency, are leading to increase distributed generation such as renewable energy sources (RES). RES are connected to distribution networks (DN), so we don't need to transmission equipment. But the reverse power flow from RES causes to change operation method. As we know weather condition have influence on output power in RES. Conventional control methods are not useful for operation and bus voltage variation damage equipment of network and customer. So we see voltage control is important in DN with RES. So developing in communicating, smart sensors and distribution network automation is made possible for real time control. In this paper we propose a real time voltage and reactive power control in distribution network considering RES. Also fuzzy sets theory is combined with partial swarm optimization algorithm to solve the multiobjective voltage control problem. (4 pages)Evaluation and error minimization of dynamic short time load forecasting model with control charts and process capability analysis in the presence of distributed generation
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0842
Short time load forecasting (STLF) is a pivotal concept in energy marketing, therefore, regulatory has defined penalty for load forecasting errors, which disturb energy market balance. Distributed generation (DG) has two effects on STLF models: first, in the presence of DG these models inevitably entail non-repeating data as well as load trends, and second, the share of DG in power generation is not constant. Therefore, the STLF model should be evaluated and improved continuously otherwise model accuracy will dwindle gradually. A lot of STLF models have been developed but there isn't proper tool to assess their accuracy in the presence of DG. For controlling the impact of probabilistic behaviour of distributed generators on load forecasting, West Tehran province power distribution company (WTPPDC) combined dynamic model, statistical control chart and Process capability analysis for continual evaluation and monitoring of the STLF model. In this study WTPPDC have used process capability analysis for evaluation of forecasting capability of model and control charts for detecting out of control error and accumulative bias in prediction in the presence of DG. Quality approach to load forecasting error controlling can help distribution companies to improve their model before forecasting errors reduce their profit and business confidence. (4 pages)Optimal sizing of hybrid energy resources for electrifying distant rural areas of Iran
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0867
Mathematical models are presented for PVs, wind turbines, battery storages and diesel generators for optimal in a hybrid isolated system. The optimization model is formulated and a case study is run in a rural nonelectrified area of Iran. (4 pages)Optimal placement of sectionalizing switches in distribution network with presence of renewable energy resources
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0882
This paper proposes a method to determine the location of sectionalizing switches in presence of stochastic renewable resources. Particle swarm optimization is used for placement of sectionalizing switches with considering an objective function. The proposed objective function is composed of two terms: minimizing of cost of sectionalizing switches and maximization of reliability benefit. Monte Carlo simulation is used to reliability assessment. The performance of the proposed approach is assessed by a real distribution network. (4 pages)Using feeder reconfiguration for congestion management of smart distribution network with high DG penetration
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0863
One of the main intent of smart grid is to enable more renewable energy resources. Installing the DGs near end-customers result in reduction of power transmission of lines, however, if a large amount of microDGs generate energy simultaneously, it may result in distribution system congestion. In usual, distribution component capacity is considered high enough to avoid any congestion. However, considering the on-line monitoring and controlling abilities of a smart grid, this paper addressed reconfiguration as an effective methodology to solve the distribution network congestion problem. Genetic algorithm is used to determine the optimal configuration. Numerical results of implementing the method on a test system demonstrate that network reconfiguration can be used as an effective methodology to defer the additional investment in distribution systems. (4 pages)Optimal planning of medium voltage distribution networks in the presence of wind power generations
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0735
The aim of this study is to present a method for solving the planning and expansion problems in the distribution systems in order to determine the location and size of new substations and the development of the existing transformers and to find the optimal structure for feeders and selecting the suitable cross-section for feeders in the presence of wind turbines. The objective function of the problem has been mathematically-formulated considering uncertainty conditions in the presence of wind turbines and a pseudo-dynamic method for multi-stage design. Also the genetic algorithm has been used as an optimization tool for solving the problem. In addition, the performance of the above mentioned method on a distribution network has been discussed as well. (4 pages)The role of fast charging stations for electric vehicles in the integration and optimization of distribution grid with renewable energy sources
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0815
In the next 20 years the number of electric vehicles (EV) will exponentially increase. That will be mostly due to governments and car manufacturers which are coordinating the effort to reduce urban pollution and greenhouse gas emission. The energy required for charging EV usually recovering in private parking places for many hours, will be mainly provided through smart charging boxes (“wall box”) managed by the (smart) grid control system of the LV network. In all other cases, EVs will be charged in fast charging stations or battery swap stations connected to the MV network. Such charging stations require high power during the day, especially when the network could be overloaded, hence there is the need to model the impact on the grid. This paper investigates the possibility to use storages to shave peak power demand due to FC stations and the possibility to use these storages to provide additional network services, included the optimization of intermittent-not-programmable energy sources, such as renewable energy. (4 pages)Optimal operation of distribution network considering renewable energy sources by binary particle swarm optimization and fuzzy theory
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0787
Today, the development of telecommunications infrastructure has led to rapid exchange of data between the distribution network components and the control center. On the other hand, renewable energy sources (RES) are increasing due to deregulation and restructuring in power systems, global warming and reduction of fossil fuels .These sources are connected to the distribution network therefore behavior of these networks will change. One of the most important problems is the optimal operation of the distribution network including renewable energy sources. Optimal operation of distribution network is a mixed integer, nonlinear and multi-objective problem. Therefore in this paper, binary particle swarm optimization and fuzzy set theory are used for solved the problem. Finally, a practical distribution test system is used to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. (4 pages)Integrated optimization of distribution system planning and transition into new grid structures
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0744
The research project IO.Netz(*) aims to improve the current process of long term distribution system planning. Analysing and planning today's distribution systems is still characterized by isolated software tools so that network planners have to deal with a list of shortcomings. Furthermore they have to deal with an increasing complex environment and have to include additional aspects (e.g. uncertainty for the investment decisions with lower budgets; development of renewable sources). The challenge to embed decentralized renewable energy sources into the distribution network implies a tight integration of the software tool chain for planning decision support. This paper proposes to raise the synergies between the replacement strategies in asset management and investments driven by the inclusion of renewable sources. Our central approach estimates the realization probability of new decentralized generation sites, simulates grid development by a system dynamics approach, calculates investments under uncertainty and applies multi-criterial optimization based on the simulation model. (4 pages)Automatic design and optimisation of distribution systems containing renewable energy sources
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0712
This paper addresses the development of a software tool that is able to automatically design and optimise electrical distribution systems containing renewable energy sources. The tool is intended to alleviate the task of system designers and analists with regard to the integration of renewable energy sources and use of energy storage systems into their system. (4 pages)Optimal sitting and sizing of renewable energy resources in distribution network with bi-level optimization
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0878
This paper proposes a Bi-Level optimization to determine the optimal size and location of wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) generator in distribution network. At first level of optimization the optimal capacity in each bus is determined without consideration of kind of technology by maximizing the profit. At second level of optimization the number of WT and PV in each bus is determined by minimizing the cost. The minimum cost is used at first level of optimization to calculate the profit. (4 pages)Investment optimization in distribution network based on fuzzy outage parameters
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0848
This paper presents a methodology that aims to increase the probability of delivering power to any load point of the electrical distribution system by identifying new investments in distribution components. The methodology is based on statistical failure and repair data of the distribution power system components and it uses fuzzy-probabilistic modelling for system component outage parameters. Fuzzy membership functions of system component outage parameters are obtained by statistical records. A mixed integer nonlinear optimization technique is developed to identify adequate investments in distribution networks components that allow increasing the availability level for any customer in the distribution system at minimum cost for the system operator. To illustrate the application of the proposed methodology, the paper includes a case study that considers a real distribution network. (4 pages)A genetic based generic filter for image impulse noise reduction
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0421
The captured images usually are influenced by impulse noise therefore removing impulse noise is one of most important pre-processing phases in many applications. In this paper, we have proposed a genetic based method to remove impulse noise. This method proposes a composite filter which is a combination of several standard filters to reduce the noise effect. The experimental results showed the proposed method could efficiently restore degraded image while it is approximately stable to noise ratio increment. (5 pages)A distributed particle swarm optimization based localization scheme in underground tunnels
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0588
One of the main concerns in underground working tunnels is ensuring the safety of the workers and their equipment. Being aware of the real-time position of personal in such hash environments is challenging and requires a sophisticated localization system. Due to extreme multipath and non-line of sight (NLOS) conditions, wireless signals in underground narrow-vein tunnels suffer multiple kinds of distortions. Unreliable measurements of location metrics such as received signal strengths (RSS), result in deterioration of localization performance. In this paper, a radio frequency time of flight (RF-TOF) range engine embedded in JN5148 microcontroller is validated as an alternative range method in such scenarios. To reduce the communication cost and time delay of localization in such chain type wireless network, a distributed particle swarm optimization (PSO) based localization algorithm is proposed and implemented on the blind node. Without overhead hardware needed, an accurate and low cost localization system can be achieved. Experimental results verify the proposed scheme. (5 pages)A novel method for tuning the PID parameters based on the modified biogeography-based optimization for hydraulic servo control system
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0171
PID control is used widely in hydraulic servo control system. The PID control parameters are very important to performance of hydraulic servo control system and how to find rapidly the optimum values of PID control parameters is a very difficult problem. Based on Matlab/simulink software and taking the IATE standards of the optimization design as objective function, a global search optimization method with the modified Biogeography-Based optimization (MBBO) was applied for the optimization of the three parameters of PID controller of electric-hydraulic servo system of parallel platform. Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is a novel evolutionary algorithm that is based on the mathematical models of biogeography. Biogeography is the study of the geographical distribution of biological organisms. In the BBO model, problem solutions are represented as islands, and the sharing of features between solutions is represented as immigration and emigration between the islands. In this paper, a modified version of the BBO is proposed to improve its convergence. The MBBO is used to deal with the PID Controller tuning. Simulation results show that the proposed parameter optimum method is an effective tuning strategy and has good performance compared with adopted NN network optimization method. (5 pages)Multi-objective optimization of a PM assisted synchronous reluctance machine, including torque and sensorless detection capability
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0258
This paper presents a multi-objective optimization of a Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine with three barriers per pole, based on a genetic algorithm. The aim of the study is to optimize both the torque and the high frequency electro-magnetic saliency, to obtain a motor with a good behaviour when controlled by means of sensor-less techniques with high frequency signal injection. The optimization is carried out changing the permanent magnet coercive field and the thickness of the magnets of each barrier, independently. (6 pages)Fault-tolerant electrical machine design within a rotorcraft actuation drive system optimisation
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0247
This paper presents an approach to weight-optimise an electromechanical actuator (EMA) for helicopter primary flight control systems. Special focus is put on the fault-tolerant electrical machine as a major component in the system. The novelty consists of the detailed machine optimisation in conjunction with the main actuator components: gearbox, screw, converter and filters. An exemplary EMA concept for a primary flight control system for medium weight helicopters is presented and the implications on the fault-tolerance requirements of actuator and electrical machine are elaborated. A deterministic optimisation strategy is presented alongside with models for the main actuator components. A dynamic Reluctance Network (RelNW) and a Thermal Network (ThermNW) are combined to represent the behaviour of the electrical machine. The paper will show the importance of low inertia design and machine operation in magnetic saturation due to high peak-to-rated torque ratio and acceleration requirements. (6 pages)Optimal protection devices allocation and coordination in MV distribution networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0126
Historically, the distribution network has been planned in order to operate in radial configuration. Protective relays are adopted to detect system abnormalities and to execute appropriate commands to isolate swiftly only the faulty component from the healthy system. Nowadays, the regulation schemes implemented by Regulators require that Distribution Companies reduce number and duration of supply interruptions by adopting new strategies in order to identify and isolate faults along distribution feeders. Two optimization problems arise: finding the optimal location of circuit breakers and the coordination among the overcurrent relay characteristics. In the paper, a novel algorithm to solve the overcurrent relay allocation and coordination problem in distribution networks based on genetic algorithm is proposed. Examples derived by a representative distribution network are presented. (6 pages)Integration of distributed generation for network loss minimization and voltage support using particle swarm optimization
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0150
In this paper, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is employed to size and locate Distributed Generation (DG) in a distribution network to provide a more effective loss reduction and voltage support. Unlike most previous studies, DG nodes are modelled as generator (PV) nodes in this study. Three network scenarios are considered: a network with no generation but with reactive power compensation capacitors, the same network with the inclusion of a DG and the network operating with DG but no capacitive VAr compensation. Scenario one network is considered as the base case. For scenario two and three network, two cases are considered. The first involves the integration of one generator of optimal size and at an optimal location to minimise network losses. The second case considers the optimisation of the size of a single generator connected at the minimum voltage bus. The study is carried out on a 16-bus radial distribution network. The results show that DG is effective in minimizing network power loss and providing ancillary service of voltage support when operated to inject real power and regulate the node voltage to which it is connected. Results of the optimization process show that the simultaneous application of shunt capacitors and DG produced the best loss reduction and network voltage profile. (4 pages)Improved maximum power extraction strategy for PMSG based wind energy conversion system
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0325
Even though hill climbing search (HCS) control is the simplest MPPT algorithm that does not require any prior knowledge of the system, it has the disadvantage of being slow in its response. This slowness in the response is due to the number of perturbations involved in climbing the hill and the settling time of the each perturbation. This paper proposes an improved HCS control, in which the nature of the input perturbation is changed, so as to improve the control algorithm's response speed in tracking the maximum power point of a wind turbine. (6 pages)Intelligent fuse-saving
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0109
Fuse-saving practices have coordination limitations at higher current levels - it is common for the upline device to trip and the fuse to operate at the same time. The result is frequent momentary outages for many customers and blown fuses, even for temporary faults. These challenges have led some utilities to abandon the practice of fuse-saving and instead migrate to a fuse-blowing philosophy. The conventional fuse-saving practice has an inherent tradeoff of sustained outage improvement at the expense of increased momentary activity. Ratings under the reliability indices SAIFI and SAIDI are improved, but the gains are offset by an increase in momentary events, reported as MAIFIE. When the fuse blowing practice is employed, the tradeoff is reversed - reduced momentary activity comes at the expense of more frequent sustained outages. The new fuse-saving philosophy described in this paper offers several improvements over conventional practices by extending the range of coordination, minimizing miscoordination with downline devices, and eliminating unnecessary tripping. An optimized composite phase and ground fuse-saving TCC curve is developed for the smallest downline fuse that is to be saved. Tripping on this curve only occurs when it can actually clear the fault before the fuse begins to melt. If the fuse cannot be saved, the initial tripping operation of the upline device shifts to a more delayed curve to allows the fuse to operate. While most utilities use a mix of fuse-blowing and fuse-saving on different feeders, this new fuse-saving philosophy achieves an intelligent mix of both practices on the same device. (5 pages)Coordinated optimization among multi-cycle generation schedules
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0110
Generation schedule optimization means scheduling unit commitment, economic dispatch and auxiliary service of generators to minimize total cost for specified time scope by considering system balance constraints, generator operation constraints, grid security constraints, energy saving and emission reduction constraints. Generation schedule optimization is a continuous promoting procedure. In order to coordinate multi-cycle generation schedule optimization for yearly energy contract tracing dispatch mode, this paper presents a continuous generation schedule optimization infrastructure. The longer cycle generation schedule provide direction for shorter cycle generation schedule optimization. Then shorter cycle optimize generation schedule aimed at minimized difference with generation schedule derived from last longer cycle optimization considering latest forecast and grid operation information. As to eliminate the random power bias distribution among generators, four bias minimization objectives, which include sum-bias, sum-cost, minimized max-bias and minimized max-cost, and four relevant bias evaluation indexes are defined. Example analysis indicates that sum-cost function is most suitable for coordinated optimization among multi-cycle generation schedule optimization. Finally, a practical cooperation method between real time generation schedule and automatic generation control (AGC) is presented. Through the comparison between current output and next period generation schedule, the AGC program could determine whether participating in current ACE adjustment or not, and calculate adjustment magnitude. Application of the coordinated optimization among multicycle generation schedules could implement continuous optimization of generation schedule and loop control of generator. (5 pages)Optimal allocation of distributed generation to minimize relay operating times
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0086
Integrating Distributed Generation (DG) in distribution systems will have an impact on the fault current magnitudes. This could have an impact on the coordination of the protective devices. In this paper, the optimal DG locations are determined in order to minimize the overall relay operating times for a meshed distribution system. The problem is formulated as a Non-Linear Programming (NLP) problem and is solved using the reduced gradient approach. The relay operating times are minimized taking into account the protection coordination constraints where each relay is backed up by another relay on the system with a certain coordination time. In addition, constraints on the relay operating times and relay settings are included. The system under study is the IEEE meshed 30 bus distribution system with a protection system that relies on directional over-current relays. (5 pages)Novel rotor design optimization of synchronous reluctance machine for high torque density
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0256
This paper presents a novel method for the torque capability maximization of the synchronous reluctance machine. The macroscopic parameters d- and q-axis insulation ratios, k<sub xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/">wq</sub> and k<sub xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/">wd</sub>, respectively, are introduced. They describe fully the geometry characteristic of the p-pole pair, two barrier rotor. The presented combined analytical-FEM approach gives the optimal distribution of air and iron for the maximum torque. Saturation effects and other two dimensional nonlinearities are included by a limited number of FEM simulations to determine the best k<sub xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/">wq</sub> and k<sub xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/">wd</sub>. The method is shown to obtain the maximum torque accurately and fast for a specific stator without directly dealing with the rotor geometry dimensions. (4 pages)Observer based state feedback controller design for pseudo direct drive<sup xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/">®</sup> using genetic algorithm
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0263
The paper describes a technique, based on a genetic algorithm GA, for the design and tuning of a state feedback controller with a reduced order observer, for a Pseudo Direct Drive Permanent Magnet Machine PDD. The controller was designed to eliminate torsional oscillations caused by the low stiffness of the magnetic gear, and provide smooth transient and good speed tracking based on ITAE performance index. (6 pages)Hybrid excitation synchronous machine control in electric vehicle application with copper losses minimization
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0252
This paper presents an optimal current control for the hybrid excitation synchronous motor in electric vehicle application. The control aims to meet the torque and speed requirements while insuring minimal copper losses. Extended Lagrange multipliers optimization method (Kuhn-Tucker conditions) is used to elaborate analytical expressions for the optimal reference armature currents as well as for the field current if with respect to armature current and voltage constraints. Simulation over the new European driving cycle proves that the proposed optimal control leads to the lowest copper losses compared to the results obtained by any other commonly used synchronous motor control strategy. (6 pages)High frequency fault location method for transmission lines based on artificial neural network and genetic algorithm using current signals only
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2012.0041
The present transmission systems are rapidly changing principally due to an increasing demand for better utilisation of existing lines resulting in lower transient stability limits, and also due to an increase in the complexity of the networks with small-scale distributed generation being connected into the existing networks. The current protection/fault location techniques are not conducive to such networks. This paper investigates a novel fault location method based on current signals only and utilising Artificial Intelligence technology. Importantly, the robustness and sensitivity of the technique developed is presented through an extensive series of studies and results when applied to complex power networks. (6 pages)Sparsity-aware STAP algorithms for airborne radar based on conjugate gradient techniques
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic.2011.0142
In this paper, new sparsity-aware space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithms based on conjugate gradient (CG) techniques are proposed. The idea of sparsity-aware STAP algorithms is based on the incorporation of a sparse regularization (l<sub xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/">1</sub>-norm) constraint to the minimum variance (MV) design criterion. To solve this optimization problem, two different l<sub xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/">1</sub>-based algorithms based on the conventional CG and the modified CG are derived. An analysis of the computational complexity shows that the proposed algorithms have nearly the same cost as the conventional algorithms. It is also demonstrated that the proposed STAP algorithms outperform the conventional algorithms using the simulated airborne radar data. (5 pages)Coastline detection using coupled variational level-set formulation
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic.2011.0107
In this paper, we describe a method of detecting dynamic coast-lines from ground-level images using an integrated level-set framework. A dynamic coastline is represented as the longest boundary of intersection of multiple moving fronts (geometric active contours) corresponding to multiple regions within the image together with model of their evolution using the level set formulation. The evolution of the various moving front is modelled using an adaptive variational formulation of the level set function that in-turn minimizes an appropriate energy function. We explore the performance of the model and show that the proposed method achieves better accuracy than other widely used methods for coastline extraction. (6 pages)Self-dependent 3D face rotational alignment using the nose region
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic.2011.0101
One of the challenging issues for 3D face recognition is face alignment. Many alignment algorithms are computationally expensive, making them unsuitable for real-time biometrics, or not robust enough to detect large variations in pose. In this work, a novel algorithm for 3D face rotational alignment is proposed, that uses the nose region. After preprocessing and nose region identification, alignment is performed by applying two energy functions to the nose footprint, identified as the largest filled region in the inverted depth map. These functions are minimised using Simulated Annealing and the Levenberg-Marqurdt algorithm. The energy minimisation and segmentation procedures continue iteratively until a stopping criterion is met. The method has been applied to images from the Face Recognition Grand Challenge (FRGC) v2 dataset and the consistency of its alignment has been verified using the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. As a self-dependent algorithm, it does not require a pre-aligned image as a reference and also has a high computational speed, approximately three times faster than the brute force ICP technique. (6 pages)A dynamic resource allocation model along with adaptive power control in a multi-rate direct sequence CDMA with MIMO
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic.2011.0074
A throughput maximization algorithm for a CDMA system comprising of variable bit rate (VBR) groups has been proposed. The algorithm is aimed at efficiently utilizing the radio resources for maximal throughput while meeting the minimum data transmission rate and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of each user group. The power of each group is also dynamically controlled so as to minimize the cell interference thereby maximizing the system capacity. The model also predicts the reduction in effective cell radius because of cell breathing under Gaussian noise and a Rayleigh faded channel. The simulation of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna in such a system reports an improvement in the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the system by up to 80%. The allocation scheme efficiently utilizes as much as 99.9% of the available bandwidth in the system.Wireless sensor network lifetime optimization
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic.2011.0090
This paper presents wireless sensor network (WSN) for environmental monitoring with optimized lifetime. The node is equipped with multimode sensors for sensing different environmental parameters. An efficient utilization of power is essential in order to use networks for long duration, hence it is needed to reduce data traffic inside sensor networks, reduce amount of data that need to send to sink. This paper aims at studying different strategies to maximize the WSN lifetime, including routing, data aggregation, data accuracy and energy consumption. The main idea is to define a multi-metrics protocol that takes into account the residual energy within sensor nodes, data aggregation and data accuracy.This paper considers three optimization metrics. First of all, it considers the construction of routing tree with energy and distance parameters.The objective is to maximize the number of data gathering queues answered until the first node m the network fails. Secondly, data aggregation is done by gathering data in an energy efficient manner The aim of the proposed work is to compare the performance in terms of energy efficiency in comparison with and without data aggregation in WSN. Thirdly, the trade-off between data quality and energy consumption to increase the lifetime of WSN is considered.Estimation of 3D head region using gait motion for surveillance video
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic.2011.0105
Detecting and recognizing people is important in surveillance. Many detection approaches use local information, such as pattern and colour, which can lead to constraints on application such as changes in illumination, low resolution, and camera view point. In this paper we propose a novel method for estimating the 3D head region based on analysing the gait motion derived from the video provided by a single camera. Generally, when a person walks there is known head movement in the vertical direction, regardless of the walking direction. Using this characteristic the gait period is detected using wavelet decomposition and the heel strike position is calculated in 3D space. Then, a 3D gait trajectory model is constructed by non-linear optimization. We evaluate our new approach using the CAVIAR database and show that we can indeed determine the head region to good effect. The contributions of this research include the first use of detecting a face region by using human gait and which has fewer application constraints than many previous approaches. (6 pages)A new technique to solve minimum spanning tree (MST) problem using modified shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (MSFLA) with GA cross-over
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic.2011.0046
A minimum spanning tree (MST) of a connected, weighted (non-negative), undirected graph G = (V,E) is such that vertices of the graph G is connected by edges which have minimum weight and it forms a tree. Finding the MST from a graph is a NP-hard problem. In this paper a new technique is proposed to solve MST problem using Modified Shuffled Frog- Leaping Algorithm (MSFLA) with Genetic Algorithm (GA) cross-over. SFLA is a meta-heuristic search method inspired by natural memetics. It combines the benefits of both meme-based Memetic Algorithm (MA) and social behaviour based Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In this paper some modification of SFLA is done and applied it to MST problem. Extensive experimental results show that the algorithm performs very well compare to other algorithms and gives accurate results with minimum no of iterations.Pro-active energy management for Wide Area Networks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0682
We present a methodology for achieving energy savings in excess of 30% in Wide Area Networks. The approach applies a limited set of pre-calculated network topology configurations derived via a Genetic Algorithm across the day. The GA determines the minimum set of resources required in order to support a given traffic demand. Information gleaned from SNMP trap messages, triggered by the use of a link utilization threshold, determine when to switch between configurations. The threshold employs moving average smoothing and is discretely readjusted over the course of a daily cycle based on anticipated basal load variations. By exploiting MT-OSPF this approach provides a scalable and flexible means of reconfiguring an infrastructure that avoids routing discontinuities, excessive computational effort and the exchange of considerable volumes of control information.Green optical channel layer design with minimum use of optical amplifiers and fibers
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.1316
We plan for the optical channel layer to minimize the required numbers of lit fibers and turned-on optical amplifiers through a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model and an efficient heuristic. Simulation studies indicate that the green communication-oriented effort can not only reduce the number of turned-on optical amplifiers but also the lit fibers. (2 pages)Research and realization on the ant colony optimization algorithm
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0894
This is where the abstract should be placed. It should consist of one paragraph and a concise summary of the material discussed in the article below. It is preferable not to use footnotes in the abstract or the title. The acknowledgement for funding organisations etc. is placed in a separate section at the end of the text. We wish you success with the preparation of your manuscript. The ant colony algorithm (ACA ) is a simulated evolutionary algorithm , which is inspired by real ants foraging in natural world. In this paper, it has effectively solved the problem of precocity and halting of the ant colony algorithm, taking use of the global and rapidity of the PSO. Meanwhile, it can also judge the standard of the route by use of the eliminating- cross. Through classic experiments about Traveling Salesman Problem, the optimization algorithm has the better astringency, robustness and efficiency.Linear interference alignment based on signal and interference space ranks
http://dl-live.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2011.0982
In this paper, we discuss the implementation problem of interference alignment with low complexity. Firstly, interference system model based on signal and interference space is analyzed. Then, the design of chordal distance based linear precoder and receiver filter based on the optimization problem of rank of interference space are presented. Simulation results confirm that the sum rate of linear interference alignment is close to the iterative alignment scheme, but the computation complexity can be reduced greatly.