IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation
Volume 146, Issue 3, June 1999
Volumes & issues:
Volume 146, Issue 3
June 1999
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- Author(s): S. P. Kingsley and S. G. O'Keefe
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Volume 146, Issue 3, p. 121 –125
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-rsn:19990307
- Type: Article
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121
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It is shown that the azimuth radiation pattern direction of a multi-probe dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) can be changed by exciting different probes within the dielectric when the other probes are open-circuited. When two probes are excited simultaneously, smaller steering increments can be obtained without significantly changing the beamwidths. In some combinations, a pair of probes has a significantly greater bandwidth than a single probe. Driving pairs of probes with unequal power division is shown to steer the beam by the expected amount, thus forming the basis for future electronic beam steering of DRAs and creating the possibility of obtaining any desired steering angle. DRA monopulse processing, using two beams to form sum and difference patterns, is also demonstrated. These results have obvious applications for radar systems where control of the radiation pattern is desirable. The efficiency of DRAs make them well suited to these applications, except where large bandwidths are required. - Author(s): C. H. Gierull
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Volume 146, Issue 3, p. 126 –132
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-rsn:19990365
- Type: Article
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126
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Subspace or projection methods, such as MUSIC, have been shown to perform excellently when used for angle-of-arrival estimation, especially in the case of small sample size. The drawback of those methods is their heavy computational load when used for arrays with a large number of elements. The paper investigates the performance of a fast subspace-estimation method which has been recently proposed for the closely related problem of adaptive spatial jammer suppression. This new method, called matrix transformation projection (MTP), is based on a general transformation of the covariance matrix formed from snapshots of an array of sensors. To evaluate the statistical properties of the MTP when used for angle estimation, the expectation of the corresponding angle spectra has been analytically derived. As the paper is addressing the small sample size performance of subspace methods (instead of the asymptotic one), the conventional perturbation analysis needed to be extended to second order. The resulting bias of the DOA estimates has been calculated and shown along with corresponding simulations to confirm the accuracy of the theoretical results. A comparison of these results for MTP showed the closeness to those of MUSIC even for small sample sizes, but the necessary computational load of MTP is significantly lower. - Author(s): F. Gini and J. H. Michels
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Volume 146, Issue 3, p. 133 –140
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-rsn:19990479
- Type: Article
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133
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The authors present a thorough performance analysis of two covariance matrix estimators, the sample covariance matrix estimator (SCME) and the normalised SCME (NSCME), which are employed by adaptive radar detectors in Gaussian and compound-Gaussian clutter. Theoretical performance predictions are derived, compared with the modified Cramér–Rao lower bound and checked with real-life sea clutter data. The results of the analysis show that the NSCME has superior performance in compound-Gaussian clutter and its performance is insensitive to the clutter multivariate distribution within the range cell under test and to the shape of the clutter correlation among different range cells. Conversely, the performance of the SCME heavily depends on the clutter distribution and has a dramatic worsening in spiky non-Gaussian clutter. - Author(s): S. Koteswara Rao
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Volume 146, Issue 3, p. 141 –146
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-rsn:19990326
- Type: Article
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141
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The feasibility of modified gain extended Kalman filter using bearings-only measurements is explored for underwater applications. A much simpler version of the modified function is considered for the development of algorithm. This algorithm estimates target motion parameters and detects target manoeuvre, using zero mean chi-square distributed random sequence residuals, in a sliding window format. The detection of target manoeuvre, in particular in highly nonlinear (high bearing-rate) scenarios, is explored. The performance of this algorithm is evaluated in Monte Carlo simulations, and results are shown for various typical geometries. - Author(s): K. -T. Kim and H. T. Kim
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Volume 146, Issue 3, p. 147 –158
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-rsn:19990321
- Type: Article
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147
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A technique is presented to extract one-dimensional scattering centres of a complex radar target. To maintain super-resolvability, estimation accuracy and robust detection of scattering centres, the model-based technique, and the FFT-based technique, are combined in an efficient manner to take advantages of both techniques. The performance of the proposed algorithm is examined through Monte-Carlo simulations and classification experiments. It is shown that the proposed technique can be employed in the feature extraction stage for efficient radar target classification. - Author(s): G. D. Callaghan and I. D. Longstaff
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Volume 146, Issue 3, p. 159 –165
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-rsn:19990126
- Type: Article
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p.
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The authors describe an array-based approach to increasing the swath width of space-borne synthetic aperture radar beyond the limit normally imposed by ambiguity. The nulls of a quad-element rectangular array are used to suppress returns from range and azimuth ambiguities, allowing the swath to be increased by a factor of approximately four. A conceptual design is presented, based on ERS-1, that gives a swath extending from 250 km off nadir to over 700 km, with a blind region centred at 500 km. Some adaptive techniques for steering the nulls are discussed. - Author(s): P. F. Howland
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Volume 146, Issue 3, p. 166 –174
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-rsn:19990322
- Type: Article
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p.
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The use of a non-co-operative television transmitter as the illuminator for a bistatic radar system is investigated. A signal processing scheme is developed that allows airborne targets to be detected and tracked using only the vision or sound carrier of the television broadcast. This scheme requires no synchronisation with the television transmitter, and uses the Doppler shift and bearing of target echoes to estimate the target's track. The signal processing scheme consists of a two-channel fast Fourier transform, to determine the Doppler and phase characteristics of the received signal, followed by time and frequency acting constant false alarm rate detection schemes to detect the target echoes. These echoes are corrected for phase errors arising from antenna element mutual coupling, and the corresponding bearings are calculated. A Kalman filter based tracking scheme is used to associate the individual Doppler and bearing returns belonging to different targets, resulting in Doppler and bearing profiles for each target. These are used to estimate the Cartesian co-ordinates and velocity of each target using an extended Kalman filter, initialised using a genetic algorithm and Levenberg–Marquardt optimiser. It is shown that targets can be detected and tracked over a large area, at ranges of up to 260 km.
Beam steering and monopulse processing of probe-fed dielectric resonator antennas
Angle estimation for small sample size with fast eigenvector-free subspace method
Performance analysis of two covariance matrix estimators in compound-Gaussian clutter
Algorithm for detection of manoeuvring targets in bearings-only passive target tracking
One-dimensional scattering centre extraction for efficient radar target classification
Wide-swath space-borne SAR using a quad-element array
Target tracking using television-based bistatic radar
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