IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications
Volume 152, Issue 2, March 2005
Volumes & issues:
Volume 152, Issue 2
March 2005
-
- Author(s): B.R. Ke and N. Chen
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 129 –140
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20045188
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
129
–140
(12)
An approach for assisting the design of fixed-block signalling system of mass rapid transit (MRT) systems by optimising the block layout and running speed code of each signalling block between any two neighbouring stations is presented. The object is to achieve minimum energy consumption with maximum train capacity. The apporach preadjusts the running speed restriction of trains to avoid overspeeding on an alignment. At the same time it can also shave-off unnecessary speed changes to improve passenger comfort. The concept of equiblock signalling is used to assist this research. Considering the effect of gradients and the limits of minimum headway of an ATO system and average train speed, a genetic algorithm is applied to determine the shortest length, speed codes and positions of signalling blocks. Single train running dynamics between stations is simulated based on the signalling system of an MRT system with various aspects, positions and numbers of signalling blocks through acceleration and jerk limits. An heuristic search is used to seek out the combination of train running speed code of each signalling block for energy saving. - Author(s): B.R. Lin and T.Y. Yang
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 141 –148
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20041213
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
141
–148
(8)
A novel single-phase unidirectional power flow rectifier is proposed to achieve power factor correction and DC bus voltage regulation. Four active switches, two power diodes and two DC side capacitors are used in the proposed circuit topology to generate a three-level PWM voltage waveform on the ac terminal of the proposed rectifier. Compared with neutral-point-clamped and capacitor-clamped topologies, no clamping diode or flying capacitor is used in the proposed rectifier. The reference line current is derived from the DC tank voltage controller and a sinewave generator in phase with mains voltage. The carrier-based current controller is used in the inner loop to track the line current command. A neutral-point voltage compensator is adopted in the control scheme such that the capacitor voltages on the DC side are balanced. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is verified by the computer simulations and experimental results. - Author(s): A.J. Hewitt and A. Ahfock
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 149 –156
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20055078
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
149
–156
(8)
Finite element modelling of geometries with large dimensional differences between adjacent sub-domains or domains which have poor aspect ratios can impose significant demands on meshing algorithms and computational resources. A simple sub-domain scaling technique for electromagnetic analysis of electrical machines by finite element analysis is proposed. The technique can be used to improve aspect ratios and is useful in modelling electrical machines with small air gap lengths. - Author(s): D.W. Kang and D.S. Hyun
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 157 –165
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20045153
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
157
–165
(9)
A simple method to analyse for and compare the harmonic characteristics in the multi-level inverter is presented. Generally, the magnitude of harmonic components is determined differently according to the available multi-carrier PWM techniques, the modulation index and the switching frequency. Previous papers have analysed the harmonic characteristics from the viewpoint of the space voltage vector. Hence, the calculation of harmonic vectors becomes more difficult and complex at four-level or over five-level. However, the proposed method has reduced the amount of calculation and simplified the process of it, using the relation between the reference phase voltage and the output phase voltage to the load neutral point. It is applied to a five-level cascade inverter and the harmonic characteristics for each multi-carrier PWM technique are compared through simulation. - Author(s): E.J. Rikos and E.C. Tatakis
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 166 –174
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20045032
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
166
–174
(9)
A new single-stage and single-switch isolated PFC converter with non-dissipative clamping is presented. The main advantage of the proposed circuit, which is derived from the flyback topology, is the exploitation of the transformer's leakage inductance in order to obtain a higher power factor. Additionally, it provides galvanic isolation as well as non-dissipative clamping of the overvoltages across the switch. The proposed circuit contains a small number of additional passive components without additional switches, leading to less complexity and higher efficiency. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed topology, simulation and experimental tests on a prototype were performed, showing both a high power factor and a proper clamping of the overvoltages without degradation of the efficiency. - Author(s): H.-L. Jou ; J.-C. Wu ; Y.-J. Chang ; Y.-T. Feng ; W.-P. Hsu
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 175 –181
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20055120
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
175
–181
(7)
A new active power filter with harmonic suppression and adjustable reactive power compensation is proposed. The power converter of the proposed filter can generate a compensating voltage, including a harmonic voltage for compensating the load harmonic current and a fundamental voltage for adjusting the reactive power of the utility side, connected to the power feeder via an impedance. The waveform of the utility current after compensating by the proposed active power filter can be approximated as a sinusoidal waveform, and the input power factor is also improved. A 20 KVA prototype has been developed and tested to verify its performance. The test results indicate that the proposed active power filter has the desired performance. - Author(s): G.W. Chang and C.M. Yeh
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 182 –190
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20045017
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
182
–190
(9)
A new theory and a conceptual design for the three-phase shunt active power filter (APF) control strategy under imbalanced and distorted supply voltages are presented. Conventionally, the compensation currents injected by the APF are determined according to reference frame transformation-based approaches, where the load instantaneous real and reactive powers are calculated in the new reference frame. The APF injection currents are then computed to maintain the balanced and sinusoidal source currents, as well as the least active power consumption by the APF. However, if current harmonics set by harmonic standards or other constraints are considered, the load harmonic currents after APF compensation can be controlled to meet the requirements. Therefore, the APF may have an adjustable performance. An optimal algorithm for the APF control in steady state is proposed, in which the individual and total harmonic current distortion limits, the minimum load power factor, levels of current imbalance and the size of the APF can be taken into account. The planned APF does not consume or produce active power and only the passive energy-storage elements are required in the new APF design. Results obtained by simulations with Matlab and Simulink show that the proposed approach is more flexible than conventional approaches for compensating reactive power and harmonic/neutral currents of the load, even if the source voltages are severely distorted and imbalanced. The new control strategy is very suitable for planning the APF when several alternative objective functions and constraints are under considerations. - Author(s): F.L. Luo and H. Ye
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 191 –198
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20055119
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
191
–198
(8)
The mathematical modelling of power DC/DC converters is a historical problem that has accompanied DC/DC conversion technology since the 1940's. Traditional mathematical modelling is not available for complex structure converters because of the very high-order differential equations involved. The authors propose a new model to cover all power DC/DC converters. The energy stored in power DC/DC converters has been much considered in the past. A DC/DC converter behaves in this way because it has some energy storing components. When the converter changes from one steady state to another, the corresponding stored energy changes. Therefore, there must be a transient process from one steady state to the new steady state. The authors have theoretically defined a new concept, namely energy factor (EF), and researched the relationship between it and mathematical modelling for power DC/DC converters. The EF and its associated parameters illustrate the unit-step response and interference recovery which may be helpful for system design and in anticipating DC/DC converter characteristics. Two DC/DC converters are analysed, the Buck converter and the super-lift Luo converter, to demonstrate the application of EF, pumping energy (PE), stored energy (SE), capacitor/inductor stored energy ratio (CIR), energy losses (EL), time constant τ and damping time constant τd. - Author(s): P. Božović and P. Pejović
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 199 –208
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20055055
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
199
–208
(10)
The discontinuous conduction operating mode of three-phase diode bridge rectifiers that apply third-harmonic current injection is analysed. A piecewise linear rectifier model suitable for application of numerical methods is developed in order to analyse the circuit. A method to normalise the rectifier variables is proposed, such that numerically obtained results can easily be generalised to any rectifier applying denormalisation. Four special cases of rectifier operation in the discontinuous conduction mode are analysed, at the boundaries of the region. An approximate method of rectifier analysis is proposed. The rectifier is also analysed applying numerical methods, and the results of such analysis are presented illustrating dependence of the rectifier operation parameters on the load current and the component tolerances. The results are compared to the previously proposed approximate method. Experimental verification of the rectifier analysis is performed. It is shown that the discontinuous conduction mode is a suitable choice for applications that tolerate a total harmonic distortion≈10%. - Author(s): L.B. Perera ; Y.H. Liu ; J. Arrillaga ; N.R. Watson
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 209 –216
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20041018
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
209
–216
(8)
A new multi-level VSC is proposed with highly reduced voltage and current harmonic distortion, without the need for filters or PWM. The multi-pulse waveform is achieved by means of two auxiliary reinjection bridges, which produce voltage pulses at six times the fundamental frequency. The proposed scheme simplifies the switching circuitry of present schemes for similar levels of waveform distortion and can operate in four quadrants without capacitor balancing problems. - Author(s): T.J. Liang and K.C. Tseng
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 217 –225
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20045003
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
217
–225
(9)
The operating principles, theoretical analysis, and design methodology of a high-efficiency step-up converter are presented. The integrated boost-flyback converter (IBFC) uses coupled-inductor techniques to achieve high step-up voltage with low duty ratio, and thus the slope compensation circuit is disregarded. The voltage gain and efficiency at steady state are derived using the principles of inductor volt–second balance, capacitor charge balance and the small-ripple approximation for continuous-conduction mode. Finally, a 35 W, 12 V DC input, 48 V DC output, fsw=40 kHz IBFC has been implemented in the laboratory to validate the theoretical analysis. A design procedure is expounded, and design guidelines for selecting critical components are also presented. It is shown that high voltage gain with high efficiency can be achieved by the IBFC system. - Author(s): E. Levi ; S.N. Vukosavic ; M. Jones
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 226 –238
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20055018
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
226
–238
(13)
A novel concept for multidrive systems, based on utilisation of multiphase machines, has been introduced recently. It has been shown that, by connecting in series stator windings of the multiphase machines in an appropriate manner, it becomes possible to control all the machines in the group independently using vector control principles, although the whole drive system is supplied from one multiphase voltage source inverter (VSI). The concept has been investigated so far only for true n-phase machines (i.e. machines with spatial displacement between any two consecutive phases equal to 2π/n) and all the available considerations are restricted to the inverter current control in the stationary reference frame. Moreover, all the available proofs of the decoupled dynamic control within these multidrive systems are simulation based. One specific case is discussed in detail; a two-motor series-connected six-phase drive supplied from a six-phase VSI. The two-motor drive system, based on utilisation of a true six-phase machine is considered first and, in addition to inverter current control in the stationary reference frame, inverter current control in the rotating reference frame is also analysed. It is shown that this method of current control requires modifications of the decoupling voltage terms, compared to those valid for a one-motor drive, this being caused by series connection of the two machines. Next, two-motor drives based on utilisation of quasi six-phase machines (with two three-phase stator windings displaced by 30°) are discussed and appropriate connection diagrams are developed. Verification of these schemes is provided by simulation. Finally, an experimental rig, which utilises a true six-phase machine connected in series with a three-phase machine and inverter current control in the stationary reference frame, is described and experimental verification of the decoupled dynamics of the two machines is provided by extensive testing. - Author(s): D. Shmilovitz
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 239 –248
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040978
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
239
–248
(10)
A new approach for tracking the maximum power point of photovoltaic arrays is presented. The maximum power point tracker output voltage and current are used for control purposes, rather than for its input voltage and current. It is shown that using the output parameters simplifies the maximum power point tracker controller. Moreover, using this approach, only one out of the two output parameters needs to be sensed. This observation is general and applies regardless of the power stage or the realisation control algorithm. Contrary to what might have previously been assumed, it is theoretically shown that the MPPT control that uses a single output control parameter applies to nearly all practical load types, regardless of the load nature. - Author(s): A.I. Maswood and E. Firmansyah
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 249 –260
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040830
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
249
–260
(12)
A technique to achieve an efficient and low cost unity power factor for a three-phase controlled rectifier is described. The proposed technique can be used to retrofit a variety of thyristor converters for various applications. It consists of a thyristor bridge, three bidirectional switches, and a current shaping network. The bidirectional switches are turned on at double the line frequency of 50 Hz. Its current shaping network is very simple and consists of only two capacitors and three resistors. The scheme provides a simple, light, fast and economical upgrading to the existing controlled rectifier-based DC drives. In general, it is also suitable for medium to high power AC–DC converters used in UPS, HVDC, etc. - Author(s): R.S. Kanchan ; P.N. Tekwani ; M.R. Baiju ; K. Gopakumar ; A. Pittet
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 261 –270
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20055034
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
261
–270
(10)
A scheme for a three-level voltage space phasor generation with common-mode voltage elimination is proposed. An open-end-winding induction motor, fed from both ends by two three-level inverters, which are realised by a cascading two two-level inverter, is used in this configuration. The voltage space vectors of individual three-level inverters, which generate the same common-mode voltage in the inverter pole voltage, are variously grouped. When these voltage space vectors are used to switch individual three-level inverters, it results in zero common-mode voltage across the motor windings. In the proposed scheme, voltage space phasors from individual inverters with zero common-mode voltage in the inverter pole voltage are used for PWM control. For the proposed drive configuration, the DC link voltage requirement is only half when compared to the DC link voltage of a conventional neutral-point-clamped (NPC) three-level inverter. The proposed inverter configuration offers reduced circuit and control complexity when compared to similar schemes with NPC or H-bridge inverter configurations. - Author(s): M. Popescu ; D.M. Ionel ; T.J.E. Miller ; S.J. Dellinger ; M.I. McGilp
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 271 –276
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20055107
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
271
–276
(6)
Two new finite element (FE) methods for improved electromagnetic torque computation are proposed in the paper. The first method uses an analytical filter applied to the Maxwell stress tensor calculation. The second method is based on the virtual work principle and directly provides the separation of torque in its average and pulsating components. The FE computational methods are validated on a brushless PM motor having a rotor with surface mounted ferrite arcs. The relative merits of each method are discussed, together with computational issues, such as the influence of the meshing and the convergence of the calculation. - Author(s): C.-G. Kim ; J.-H. Lee ; H.-W. Kim ; M.-J. Youn
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 277 –291
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20041228
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
277
–291
(15)
The sensorless controlled brushless DC motor with trapezoidal back EMF has been studied. Since the detected position information on the sensorless rotor has some uncertainty, the brushless DC motor cannot be driven with a maximum torque. To investigate the nature of torque in the sensorless controlled brushless DC motor, the torque characteristics as a function of commutation delay (or commutation timing error) have been analysed. It shows that the generation torque is influenced by the commutation delay and has a single maximum point. This maximum point is changed by the rotating speed and load conditions. Therefore, it needs to be adjusted at every operating point. However, if the operating condition is varied continuously, the sensorless controlled brushless DC motor cannot be driven with a maximum torque at every operating point. In the paper, an iterative learning algorithm and a fuzzy logic controller are employed to drive the brushless DC motor with maximum torque. To show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, the change of the torque–current ratio is shown in various operating points through computer simulations and real experiments. It is well demonstrated from these results that the proposed drive method provides desirable performance by the sensorless controlled brushless DC motor with trapezoidal back EMF. - Author(s): A.J. Hewitt ; A. Ahfock ; S.A. Suslov
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 292 –296
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20055039
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
292
–296
(5)
A three-dimensional analytical model is presented to evaluate the magnetic flux density distribution in the core of an axial flux machine. The model predicts significantly higher flux density near the outer radius of the core than that at the inner radius. This has been confirmed by experimental test results. The model also predicts the presence of a curvature-related radial component in the magnetic flux density distribution. It is argued that if it can be established that eddy currents, induced by the tendency for the flux to flow radially, have sufficient shielding effect, then radial flux can be ignored and two-dimensional modelling can be used. - Author(s): R.S. Kanchan ; M.R. Baiju ; K.K. Mohapatra ; P.P. Ouseph ; K. Gopakumar
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 297 –309
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20045047
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
297
–309
(13)
A pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme for multilevel inverters is proposed. The proposed PWM scheme generates the inverter leg switching times, from the sampled reference phase voltage amplitudes and centres the switching times for the middle vectors, in a sampling interval, as in the case of conventional space vector PWM (SVPWM). The SVPWM scheme, presented for multilevel inverters, can also work in the overmodulation range, using only the sampled amplitudes of reference phase voltages. The present PWM technique does not involve any sector identification and considerably reduces the computation time when compared to the conventional space vector PWM technique. The present PWM signal generation scheme can be used for any multilevel inverter configuration. A five-level inverter configuration, using an open-ended winding induction motor drive, is used to verify the SVPWM generation scheme experimentally. - Author(s): Y.A. Ang ; C.M. Bingham ; M.P. Foster ; D.A. Stone ; D. Howe
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 310 –322
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20045112
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
310
–322
(13)
An analytical methodology for the rapid steady-state analysis of fourth-order resonant power converters, with capacitive output filter, is proposed. The technique extends previously published work on LCC converters to the more common, but more complex, LCLC counterpart. The output filter/rectifier and load circuit are represented by multiple ‘equivalent’ passive components that permit the subsequent calculation of the steady-state voltage conversion ratio and the estimation of the voltage and current stresses on the resonant-tank components. The resulting methodology facilitates the derivation of four design synthesis procedures for LCLC converters based on various user-definable constraints. Simulation results and measurements from a prototype fourth-order converter are used to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed methodology, whose computational requirement is comparable to that for classical fundamental-mode approximation. - Author(s): M.L. Martins ; J.L. Russi ; H.L. Hey
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 323 –334
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20041230
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
323
–334
(12)
The paper presents a classification methodology of the ZVT soft-transition technique, based on different ways of implementing the auxiliary circuit voltage source. The merits and limitations of each class are presented and their key features and characteristics are discussed and analysed experimentally on 1 kW/100 kHz laboratory prototypes. Using the proposed classification criteria, any ZVT topology can be classified, whether or not they have appeared in publication. Additionally, an overview of the main ZVT PWM converters proposed in recent decades is also presented. - Author(s): Y. Neba ; K. Ishizaka ; R. Itoh
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 335 –340
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20045028
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
335
–340
(6)
A novel switch-mode voltage-doubler rectifier for single-phase supply is presented. It consists of diode bridge circuit and pump circuit with symmetrical arrangement of capacitors. The capacitors with energy storage/transfer capability are charged and discharged by employing the active power semiconductor devices. The rectifier can be operated in the switch mode for pumping action to pump twice the peak supply voltage into the output capacitor and for forcing the input current to follow its sinusoidal reference independent of the working conditions. The prototype tested, using two dual-IGBT power modules, has been implemented to investigate the operation with a PI controller for output voltage regulation. Experimental and simulated results are provided to verify the expected performance in both steady-state and transient conditions. - Author(s): X. Qian ; Y. Wang ; M.L. Ni
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 341 –351
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20055070
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
341
–351
(11)
A robust position controller is proposed for the uncertainty rejection problem in a linear brushless DC motor (LBDCM) drive system. Friction and load variation are the main uncertainties in the LBDCM drive system; only viscous friction has been considered in previous work. Highly nonlinear friction in the system is measured and compensated by a radial basis function network. For solving the problem of load variation, three-controllers are proposed for different normalised payload conditions. Each has their own range of tolerable-load-variation; a mass estimator is developed to extend the tolerable load variation to the sum of three. In addition, mode-switching control is applied to achieve improved time-response. Both simulated and experimental results show that the proposed controller can suppress the influence of nonlinear friction and reduce the effect of large load variations; robust stability and robust performance are illustrated by corresponding μ-plots. - Author(s): H.C. Lovatt
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 352 –358
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040545
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
352
–358
(7)
An analytical model of a switched reluctance motor is presented. The model is shown for ten example motors to predict motor torque within 30% of measurement. Although these errors might seem large they are small when compared to other simple models, e.g. an analysis assuming linear magnetic properties is shown to have a worst-case error of a factor of six. - Author(s): J.A.M. Bleijs
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 359 –368
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040684
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
359
–368
(10)
Three-phase diode bridge rectifiers with a low source reactance cause considerable current harmonics in the AC supply, which may not meet the latest EMI regulations. At higher source reactance the bridge is more likely to operate in continuous conduction mode (CCM), leading to a reduction in harmonic current level. In the paper accurate analytical expressions are derived for the AC current harmonics, the input power and the power factor in CCM, which have been validated through numerical simulations and practical experiments. They can therefore be used with confidence for the design of power supplies with lower harmonic levels. Remedies are proposed to compensate for the drawbacks of CCM operation, using power factor correction capacitors and a single-switch inductor-less boost rectifier. - Author(s): T.C. Green and J.H. Marks
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 369 –381
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040759
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
369
–381
(13)
There have been many variants of the active power filter proposed and these variations cover both the circuit topology and the control system employed. Some of the control variants reflect different control objectives but there are still many variants within similar objectives. The available control techniques are described and contrasted in a structured way to identify their performance strengths. Objectives are classified by the supply current components to be corrected and by the response required to distorted grid voltage. The various signal transformations are described in terms of their impact on the distortion identification problem. Time-domain, frequency-domain, instantaneous power and impedance synthesis methods are examined. Additional control functions such as DC-bus voltage and current reference following are also discussed. It is found that a key difference between control methods is the way in which current distortion is treated in the presence of distorted grid voltage. - Author(s): P. Snary ; B. Bhangu ; C.M. Bingham ; D.A. Stone ; N. Schofield
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 382 –392
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040512
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
382
–392
(11)
The use of matrix converter technologies for the control of actuators and other auxiliaries onboard work-class, deep-sea, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) is reported. Key requirements for such systems are the ability to sustain operation at high ambient pressures, up to 300 bar, commensurate with operation of ROVs at depths of 3000 m, and to minimise the number of external connections and cabling mass to improve reliability and reduce drag. Emphasis is given to 3×2 matrix converters for 3φ–1φ AC voltage/frequency for conversion control of system auxiliaries, with experimental results showing circuit functionality during pressure cycling consistent with typical operational duties, and the use of 3×3 matrix converters for control of actuators driven by brushless permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). A principal feature of the paper is the development of model-based sensorless control methodologies for driving PMSMs using matrix converters. In particular, it is shown that observer-based state-estimation techniques normally employed for sensorless control of PMSMs using voltage source inverters, can be readily exported to matrix converter counterparts with minimal additional computational overhead. Experimental results from a 0.7 kW PMSM driven by a matrix converter, suitable for a subsea actuator pump, are included to demonstrate the ability of the sensorless techniques to provide reliable estimates of machine rotor position under transient load conditions, and the subsequent exploitation for matrix converter/motor combinations is discussed. - Author(s): S.R. Bowes and D. Holliday
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 393 –406
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040688
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
393
–406
(14)
A new approach to designing CAD packages for PWM-controlled inverter systems is presented which involves an extremely powerful graphical user interface (GUI). This GUI facility allows the designer virtually instantaneous interaction with the PWM simulator CAD package, which can be used for PWM inverter system analysis, or for developing more complex single-phase and three-phase inverter systems. The whole CAD package can be run on a desktop PC or laptop computer in virtual real-time interactive mode. The accuracy of the computer modelling techniques used in the PWM CAD package is confirmed using experimental results from a microprocessor-controlled experimental inverter system. - Author(s): C.-M. Wang ; H.-J. Chiu ; D.-R. Chen
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 407 –415
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040232
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
407
–415
(9)
A new family of zero-current-switching (ZCS) pulse-width-modulated (PWM) converters which uses a new ZCS PWM switch cell is presented in this paper. The main switch and auxiliary switch operate at zero-current-switching turn on and turn off, and the all passive semiconductor devices in the ZCS–PWM converter operate at zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) turn-on and turn-off. Besides operating at constant frequency and with reduced commutation losses, the proposed ZCS–PWM switch cell uses only one resonant inductor and these new converters have no additional current stress in comparison to the hard switching converter counterpart. The new family of ZCS–PWM converters is suitable for high-power application using insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBTs). The principle of operation, theoretical analysis, and experimental results of the new ZCS–PWM boost converter, rated 1 kW and operating at 30 kHz, are provided in this paper to verify the performance of this new family of converters. - Author(s): Byungcho Choi and Wonseok Lim
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 416 –422
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040987
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
416
–422
(7)
Asymmetrical half-bridge (ASHB) DC–DC converters exhibit fourth-order power stage dynamics. When the conventional voltage-mode control is adapted to ASHB DC–DC converters, fourth-order power stage dynamics impose certain constraints on the voltage feedback compensation design, and the resulting design offers only limited performance for closed-loop controlled converters. It is demonstrated that current-mode control can be adapted to ASHB converters to enhance their closed-loop performance in the presence of fourth-order power stage dynamics. The principles, performance and experimental results of the current-mode control adapted to ASHB converters are presented in comparison with those of the conventional voltage-mode control. - Author(s): S. Sato ; S. Moisseev ; M. Nakaoka
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 423 –428
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040766
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
423
–428
(6)
A new reversed-output current-assisted full-bridge ZVS phase-shift PWM DC–DC power converter with a high-frequency transformer has been developed and its characteristics are discussed. Power MOSFETs operating as synchronous rectifier switching devices in the transformer secondary side are implemented in the rectifier stage to reduce conduction power losses and also to extend the ZVS commutation area of the transformer primary side power MOSFETs from the rated load to no load by using reversed output current. The steady-state operation of the proposed phase-shift PWM controlled DC–DC power converter is described in comparison with the conventional ZVS phase-shift PWM DC–DC power converter using diode rectifiers. The practical effectiveness of the proposed ZVS phase-shift PWM DC–DC power converter is proved by using 2.5 kW–32kHz circuit prototype. A 97% efficiency of the proposed isolated DC–DC power converter is achieved. - Author(s): S.K. Chung ; H.B. Shin ; H.W. Lee
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 152, Issue 2, p. 429 –436
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040737
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
429
–436
(8)
High-precision control of a single-phase PWM inverter for constant voltage and constant frequency applications, such as uninterruptible power supplies, is presented. The proposed control employs a capacitor current feedback with a phase-locked loop (PLL) compensator that minimises the steady-state error of the output voltage. The PLL compensator utilises the capacitor voltage and current with a phase difference of 90°. This concept is similar to the dq transform of the three phase variables, and thus the error of the output voltage can be easily minimised by using a proportional–integral type controller. A computer simulation and experiment have been carried out for the actual single-phase PWM inverter controlled by a digital signal processor, and the results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control.
Signalling blocklayout and strategy of train operation for saving energy in mass rapid transit systems
Single-phase unidirectional AC/DC converter with high power factor
Sub-domain scaling for finite element analysis of electrical machines
Simple harmonic analysis method for multi-carrier PWM techniques using output phase voltage in multi-level inverter
Single-stage single-switch isolated PFC converter with non-dissipative clamping
New active power filter and control method
Optimisation-based strategy for shunt active power filter control under non-ideal supply voltages
Energy factor and mathematical modelling for power DC/DC converters
Current-injection based low harmonic three-phase diode bridge rectifier operating in discontinuous conduction mode
A five-level reinjection scheme for high pulse-voltage source conversion
Analysis of integrated boost-flyback step-up converter
Vector control schemes for series-connected six-phase two-motor drive systems
On the control of photovoltaic maximum power point tracker via output parameters
Simple current injection technique for power factor correction in controlled rectifier applications
Three-level inverter configuration with common-mode voltage elimination for induction motor drive
Improved finite element computations of torque in brushless permanent magnet motors
Study on maximum torque generation for sensorless controlled brushless DC motor with trapezoidal back EMF
Magnetic flux density distribution in axial flux machine cores
Space vector PWM signal generation for multilevel inverters using only the sampled amplitudes of reference phase voltages
Design oriented analysis of fourth-order LCLC converters with capacitive output filter
Zero-voltage transition PWM converters: a classification methodology
Switch-mode voltage-doubler rectifier with symmetrical arrangement of capacitors for pumping action
Robust position control of linear brushless DC motor drive sytstem based on μ-synthesis
Analytical model of a classical switched-reluctance motor
Continuous conduction mode operation of three-phase diode bridge rectifier with constant load voltage
Control techniques for active power filters
Matrix converters for sensorless control of PMSMs and other auxiliaries on deep-sea ROVs
Developments in CAD for PWM inverter systems
Novel zero-current-switching (ZCS) PWM converters
Current-mode control to enhance closed-loop performance of asymmetrical half-bridge DC–DC converters
Reversed-output current-assisted ZVS phase-shift PWM DC–DC power converter using synchronous rectifier
Precision control of single-phase PWM inverter using PLL compensation
Most viewed content for this Journal
Article
content/journals/ip-epa
Journal
5
Most cited content for this Journal
We currently have no most cited data available for this content.
