IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications
Volume 151, Issue 4, July 2004
Volumes & issues:
Volume 151, Issue 4
July 2004
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- Author(s): H.Y. Yang ; J.G. Kim ; Y.C. Lim ; S.K. Jeong ; Y.G. Jung
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 151, Issue 4, p. 377 –384
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20031288
- Type: Article
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p.
377
–384
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A position detection and drive system of a toroidal switched reluctance motor (TSRM) using search coils is presented. The low cost and robust characteristics of the proposed rotor position detection scheme are focused on, to improve on the disadvantages of existing position sensors. Search coils, wound around the stator poles, are used for detection of the rotor position in the TSRM. Rotor position detection is achieved using the voltage waveform induced by the time-varying flux linkage in the search coils, and then the appropriate phases are excited to drive an SRM. The experimental results support the validity of the proposed scheme by verifying the operation of a 6/4 pole TSRM using detection of a particular point from the waveform induced in the search coil. - Author(s): S. Lim and K. Nam
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 151, Issue 4, p. 385 –397
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040384
- Type: Article
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p.
385
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Minimisation of the loss in the induction motor is directly related to the choice of the flux level. The higher the flux level, the larger the iron loss. But extreme minimisation causes a high copper loss. There is an optimal flux level that guarantees loss minimisation, and the loss-minimisation algorithm (LMA) was derived by many researchers. However, a technical problem in deriving the LMA lies in the loss model simplification. A loss model simplification is made with a voltage dependent source and loss resistance. The optimal LMA method extends to the field-weakening region where the voltage and current constraints constitute boundaries. A complete loss-minimising control algorithm is proposed and its validity is demonstrated by simulation and experimental results. - Author(s): A. Shenkman ; Y. Berkovich ; B. Axelrod
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 151, Issue 4, p. 398 –403
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040243
- Type: Article
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p.
398
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In this paper the dynamic analysis of the open- and closed-loop systems of a new single-switch AC–AC frequency converter is presented. The main advantages of the proposed converter are that it provides a sine wave input current and a close to unit power factor. The converter circuit dynamic analysis is performed in small-signal quantities. The analytical expressions of the transfer function of the open and closed-loop systems with the integrator regulator are obtained. The results of the theoretical analysis were checked on the PSPICE-model and on the laboratory prototype and they are in good agreement with the experiments. - Author(s): H. Ogiwara ; M. Itoi ; M. Nakaoka
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 151, Issue 4, p. 404 –413
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040428
- Type: Article
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p.
404
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A novel single-ended push pull (SEPP) soft-switching high-frequency inverter for induction-heating applications with a continuous output power regulation scheme at a fixed frequency incorporating a novel lossless snubber circuit is presented. Conventional SEPP high-frequency inverters have been finding their home-electronic applications owing to their simplified circuit constitutions. However, their soft-switching operations were restricted in a relatively narrow output power range when they were controlled by a PWM technique. The proposed high-frequency inverter topology is based on the conventional SEPP high-frequency inverter together with a novel lossless snubber circuit operated at an auxiliary resonant frequency so that it can be operated under soft-switching as well as PWM regulations. Hence, the soft-switching operation range of the proposed inverter can be widened considering accompanied by a high efficiency compared with the conventional SEPP inverter. Uses can include a home-cooking application with a high thermal efficiency and high safety at a fixed frequency of 20 kHz. The operating principle, is described and the results of computer-aided simulation analysis of the circuit operation and evaluation of the performance of the proposed inverter are given, which show its high utility. - Author(s): G. Garcerá ; E. Figueres ; M. Pascual ; J.M. Benavent
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 151, Issue 4, p. 414 –424
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040319
- Type: Article
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p.
414
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A robust control scheme for multi-module parallel buck DC-DC converters with average current mode control (ACC) is presented. The proposed loop adds an inner loop to the conventional current and voltage ACC loops, reducing the sensitivity of the outer voltage loop to the changing power stage parameters: number of modules, input voltage, load and component tolerances. The loop improves significantly the disturbance rejection of the converter, i.e. the closed loop output impedance and audiosusceptibility, while preserving the stability and the loop gain crossover frequency to a significant extent. The performance of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by both small-signal and large signal experimental results. - Author(s): P. Syam ; P.K. Nandi ; A.K. Chattopadhyay
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 151, Issue 4, p. 425 –433
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040236
- Type: Article
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p.
425
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The assessment of the impact of a cycloconverter-fed drive on the supply system and the improvement of its quality depends on the correct estimation of the generated input supply current harmonics/interharmonics. The analytical derivation of an expression for the input current of an ideal cycloconverter load has as yet neglected the output current ripple. For higher output to input frequency ratio, however, the cycloconverter generates low frequency interharmonic output current of such appreciable magnitude that it necessitates a proper estimation method for the input supply current considering output current ripple. The analytical derivation of the input current spectra as available in the classical literature is extended to consider, for the first time, the effect of output current ripple on the input supply current frequency spectra. The analytical derivation is validated with simulation results as well as with experimental results for a cycloconverter-fed synchronous motor drive. It is shown how by considering the output ripple, the power quality indices of the system become poorer than those estimated without considering the output current ripple. - Author(s): J.J. Shieh
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 151, Issue 4, p. 434 –442
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040427
- Type: Article
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p.
434
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A parallel connected peak-current-mode-controlled (PCMC) switched- mode DC/DC power supply, together with single-wire autonomous current sharing, is proposed and analysed. To avoid the minor alarm of the current limit and reduce the unbalance of current distribution during the transient state, the nature of the fast response of the PCMC is integrated with a current-sharing circuit to adjust automatically the trim signal that exists in conventional DC/DC power converters. A design example of three 150 W (48/5 V, 30 A) full-brick type (2.4×4.6×0.5 inch) parallel modules has been constructed and experimental results verify the performance of current sharing. - Author(s): B.R. Lin and T.Y. Yang
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 151, Issue 4, p. 443 –450
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040237
- Type: Article
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p.
443
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A single-phase half-bridge switching mode rectifier is presented to draw a sinusoidal line current, to achieve power factor correction and to maintain the DC-link voltage constant. Four active switches are used in the proposed rectifier to generate a unipolar pulse width modulation (PWM) voltage waveform on the AC terminal voltage. There is no clamping diode in the proposed rectifier (as compared with the neutral point clamped (NPC) converter) so as to achieve three-level PWM operation. Two control loops are used in the proposed control scheme. In the outer control loop, a proportional integral voltage controller is used to regulate the DC-link voltage. A phase lock loop circuit is adopted to generate a sinusoidal waveform in phase with mains voltage to achieve power factor correction. In the inner control loop, a carrier-based current controller is used to track the line current command. To compensate the neutral point voltage due to the load variation, a neutral point voltage compensator is used in the control scheme. Three voltage levels are generated on the AC terminal of the adopted rectifier. Computer simulations and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm. - Author(s): S. Behera ; S.P. Das ; S.R. Doradla
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 151, Issue 4, p. 451 –459
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040355
- Type: Article
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p.
451
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A novel quasi-resonant three-phase inverter is proposed for 400 or 50 Hz low and high power factor loads. The proposed quasi-resonant DC link consists of a total of four switches, two resonant inductors and a capacitor. Two switches are connected in series with the resonant DC link (RDCL) and the other two are connected across the RDCL. The quasi-resonant link topology is versatile and the operation is such that the DC link voltage is clamped to the source voltage. The soft-switching operation of the quasi-resonant inverter is explained in terms of modes for both positive and negative link current. The quasi-resonant inverter is operated under modified space vector modulation incorporating soft switching. SABER simulation of the resonant link inverter and subsequent experimental verification show good agreement. - Author(s): M. Basu ; S.P. Das ; G.K. Dubey
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 151, Issue 4, p. 460 –466
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040211
- Type: Article
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p.
460
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A new topology for efficient utilisation of parallel converters as VAR compensators and active power filters (APF) for high power loads is proposed. Because of limited power handling capacity of individual devices, paralleling is the choice to increase rating of equipment, while keeping the THD of the current at the PCC within the agency specified standards. It has been reported in the literature that paralleling several converters, rather than switches, is more reliable in sharing of load. From this perspective, multilevel converters carry lot of weight, as their typical power circuit configuration limits the stress on individual devices to an appreciable extent. Also, they have the advantage of low switching frequency and full utilisation of switching devices, which is essential in high-power applications. These advantages have been utilised in parallel combination with a low-power high-frequency current-controlled APF, such that the higher order harmonics can be eliminated. A new parallel converter topology with a three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) converter and an auxiliary current-controlled VSI has been proposed and control techniques have been developed. Extensive simulation study have been carried out in a SABER simulator for linear and non-linear loads. - Author(s): B.N. Singh ; P. Rastgoufard ; B. Singh ; A. Chandra ; K. Al-Haddad
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 151, Issue 4, p. 467 –476
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040209
- Type: Article
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p.
467
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Three-pole/four-pole topologies of current-controlled voltage source inverters (CC-VSI) used as active filter (AF) are considered. The proposed AF system employs power balance theory, which is implemented using a TMS320C31 DSP. A four-pole topology for the AF system exhibits the facility of operating it as a three-pole device. A prototype model of the AF system has been designed and tested with a non-linear load to demonstrate its effectiveness for harmonic elimination, reactive power compensation and power-factor correction. After the control scheme was verified through extensive experimental investigations on a three-pole AF system, it was applied to demonstrate the performance of a four-pole AF system through simulation with different possibilities for the non-linear loads in field applications. Simulation and experimental results of the developed model of the AF system are given and discussed in detail. - Author(s): P.C. Loh ; G.H.H. Pang ; D.G. Holmes
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 151, Issue 4, p. 477 –486
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040235
- Type: Article
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p.
477
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Pulsewidth modulation (PWM) of power converters has been intensively researched for many years and is presently well established in two-level inverter modulation. Multi-level inverter modulation is, however, relatively more complicated because of the increased number of DC voltage levels and redundant switching states available. In this paper, the concept of equivalent null space vectors to link two-level and multi-level modulation is presented, and it is shown that proper placement of these equivalent null vectors can give rise to different multi-level discontinuous PWM strategies with both minimal generated common mode voltage and harmonic distortion. Other issues, such as the proper selection of clamping voltage levels and required zero sequence offsets for implementing these optimised discontinuous PWM strategies are also addressed. All PWM strategies presented have been verified by both simulation and experimental results. - Author(s): D. Casadei ; G. Serra ; A. Tani ; L. Zarri
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 151, Issue 4, p. 487 –497
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040429
- Type: Article
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p.
487
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The effects of different input voltage measurement methods on the stability of a matrix converter drive system are analysed. In particular, with the aim of improving the maximum output power of the matrix converter, the duty cycles of the switching configurations are calculated using input voltages filtered by a digital lowpass filter. A variable state average model of the whole system, which takes into account the grid impedance, the input L–C filter parameters and the load, is used for the theoretical analysis. The stability of the system is evaluated by analysing the migration of eigenvalues of the system, which is linearised around a steady-state operating point. The analytical approach allows the determination of the maximum power for a stable operation of the matrix converter as a function of the time constant of the digital lowpass input voltage filter. Theoretical considerations are supported by simulation results, showing the varying behaviour of the matrix converter that can be achieved in terms of stability as the time constant of the digital filter is changed. - Author(s): J. Jin ; J. Allan ; C.J. Goodman ; K. Payne
- Source: IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume 151, Issue 4, p. 498 –504
- DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040212
- Type: Article
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p.
498
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Detection and location of single pole-to-earth faults on the fourth-rail power supply system at London Underground Ltd. can enable early preventive measures before the faults escalate into more dangerous pole-to-pole faults. Single pole-to-earth faults on the infrastructure are difficult to detect using conventional methods because of the small fault current compared to the load current and the wide range of possible fault resistance values. A new fault detection and location method for single pole-to-earth faults using the 600 Hz harmonic ripple from the substation is presented. Circuit analysis has been carried out to determine fault detection and location information from the 600 Hz harmonic data. Because of the non-linear characteristics of the traction system, the relationship of the 600 Hz component to the fault location is not straightforward, and therefore neural networks have been used to attempt to capture this function. Both simulation and field test results show that the neural-network-based method provides a way to locate single pole-to-earth faults.
Position detection and drive of a toroidal switched reluctance motor (TSRM) using search coils
Loss-minimising control scheme for induction motors
Dynamic analysis of a new single-switch AC–AC converter for induction heating applications
PWM-controlled soft-switching SEPP high-frequency inverter for induction-heating applications
Analysis and design of a robust average current mode control loop for parallel buck DC-DC converters to reduce line and load disturbance
Effect of output current ripple on the input supply current and the power quality for a cycloconverter-fed drive
Analysis and design of parallel-connected peak-current-mode-controlled switching DC/DC power supplies
Single-phase half-bridge rectifier with power factor correction
Quasi-resonant soft-switching inverter for low and high power factor loads
Parallel converter scheme for high-power active power filters
Design, simulation and implementation of three-pole/four-pole topologies for active filters
Multi-level discontinuous pulsewidth modulation: common mode voltage minimisation analysis
Effects of input voltage measurement on stability of matrix converter drive system
Single pole-to-earth fault detection and location on a fourth-rail DC railway system
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