Online ISSN
2043-6394
Print ISSN
2043-6386
IET Wireless Sensor Systems
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2012
Volumes & issues:
Volume 2, Issue 3
September 2012
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- Author(s): S.H. Jokhio ; I.A. Jokhio ; A.H. Kemp
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 3, p. 161 –169
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2011.0064
- Type: Article
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Wireless sensor network (WSN) applications are often deployed under hostile environments. Monitoring sensor nodes carefully, detecting and providing defence against malicious activity in the region is a challenging task. Legitimate sensor nodes may be captured by an adversary to extract important security information regarding shared secrets and cryptographic keys. This type of attack may result in a severe WSN security breach. Using ‘tamper-resistant’ nodes for securing communication in a WSN cannot be considered as a solution against these attacks as it increases the network cost tremendously. Nevertheless, destroying a legitimate node by erasing its memory and destroying its radio service based on a misjudgement may bring severe damage to the WSN. The authors propose the novel sensor node capture attack detection and defence (SCADD) protocol. SCADD provides a cost-effective solution against the node compromise and capture attacks in WSNs, enhancing the overall WSN security for security-sensitive applications. This protocol consists of two building blocks: node attack detection block and defence advocating measure block. The former provides strategic-based attack detection to eliminate the possibility of misjudgement and the latter uses a self-destruction defence measure against node capture attack, without actually destroying the node's radio service, to avoid a major security breach. - Author(s): A. Ghosh and W. Hamouda
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 3, p. 170 –175
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2011.0131
- Type: Article
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Beamforming techniques can be used to suppress co-channel interference in radio devices. In a cognitive setting, beamforming can be beneficial as it can be applied to cancel interference among co-located primary users and cognitive users. In this study, the authors propose an antenna selection algorithm combined with zero-forcing beamforming to improve the throughput of cognitive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radios. The algorithm consists of two phases. First, cognitive nodes apply antenna selection approach to achieve high transmission efficiency among communicating pairs. Cognitive nodes then exploit the spatial opportunities of MIMO systems and employ beamforming to cancel interference between cognitive and primary users. In that, the authors maximise an objective function for the system throughput where precoding is applied on the transmitted spatial multiplexed signals. Numerical results show the advantages offered by the proposed algorithm under different system scenarios. - Author(s): C.A. Tucker ; K. Warwick ; W. Holderbaum
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 3, p. 176 –182
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2011.0168
- Type: Article
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Power delivery for biomedical implants is a major consideration in their design for both measurement and stimulation. When performed by a wireless technique, transmission efficiency is critically important not only because of the costs associated with any losses but also because of the nature of those losses, for example, excessive heat can be uncomfortable for the individual involved. In this study, a method and means of wireless power transmission suitable for biomedical implants are both discussed and experimentally evaluated. The procedure initiated is comparable in size and simplicity to those methods already employed; however, some of Tesla's fundamental ideas have been incorporated in order to obtain a significant improvement in efficiency. This study contains a theoretical basis for the approach taken; however, the emphasis here is on practical experimental analysis. - Author(s): W-.Q. Wang
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 3, p. 183 –190
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2011.0178
- Type: Article
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In this study, we propose a distributed passive radar sensor network with near-space vehicle-borne receivers for regional remote sensing surveillance. Note that near-space is referred to the altitude range between 20 and 100 km is too high for airplanes, but too low for satellites. Near-space vehicles can offer a wide coverage like satellite and a fast maneuverability like airplane. The distributed passive radar sensor networks system operation mode, imaging coverage and imaging resolution are analysed. As there is a big speed difference between the transmit and receive platforms, we propose a multi-beamforming and scan-on-receive combined approach to extend the limited imaging coverage. Since the conventional motion compensation technique may be not reachable for the system due to its limited load capability, an overlapped subaperture-based motion compensation algorithm is proposed. The effectiveness of the approaches is validated by numerical simulation results. - Author(s): D. de Jager and J.S. Reeve
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 3, p. 191 –200
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2011.0114
- Type: Article
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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) often employ complex techniques and cross-layer optimisations to ensure energy efficiency and robustness in WSNs. In this work, the authors present a simple technique of information valuation and costing to utilise bandwidth and energy resources of co-operative WSNs efficiently. This system allows distributed wireless sensor nodes that are operating independently of each other to assess their information content and pre-assign a single-value parameter to the data value before transmission. This parameter is then compared with a single-cost parameter to assess whether it is of benefit for the network to receive the message. The authors show that this is an efficient process in sensor networks, which have common sensing parameters. The process shows that the system can be used in monitoring correlated sources in distributed WSNs. - Author(s): Y. Chen
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 3, p. 201 –213
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2012.0008
- Type: Article
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The author studies wireless relay sensor networks (WRSNs) with randomly deployed sensors for detection of a phenomenon-of-interest (POI). The existing literature in this area has two main drawbacks. Firstly, little has been done to understand whether it is beneficial to relay in WRSNs and what would be the most suitable relaying mechanism such as decode-and-forward (DF) or amplify-and-forward (AF). Secondly, oversimplification in sensing and communication channel models is routinely enforced as a result of the dimensionality and complexity of the ‘whole-network’ analytical setting used in the existing works. To alleviate the aforementioned constraints, the author adopts a ‘per-path’ approach by looking into one typical information pipeline connecting the POI to the destination through either single-hop (SH) or multi-hop (MH). The author investigates the corresponding Chernoff information path loss (CIPL) as the sensor attempts to send 1-bit information about the POI to the remote data sink. The CIPL quantifies the detection reliability against the distance of separation between the original sensor and the data sink, which parallels the classic concept of power path loss (PPL) in wireless propagation channels. The notion of CIPL would provide useful insight on the problems of when and how to relay in WRSNs. - Author(s): X. Yu ; Y. Liu ; Y. Zhu ; W. Feng ; L. Zhang ; H.F. Rashvand ; V.O.K. Li
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 3, p. 214 –221
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2011.0121
- Type: Article
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Vehicular sensor network (VSN) using vehicle-based sensors is an emerging technology that can provide an inexpensive solution for surveillance and urban monitoring applications. For the constantly moving vehicles, resulting in unpredictable network topology, data transmission in VSN is vulnerable to packet losses, thus deteriorating the surveillance quality. To resolve this problem, a cooperative data sampling and compression approach is proposed. Based on compressive sensing, this approach does not require inter-sensor communication and adopts sparse random projections to remove redundancy in spatially neighbouring measurements. It is experimentally shown that the proposed algorithm provides fairly accurate reconstruction of the field under surveillance, and incurs much less communication traffic load compared to conventional sampling strategies. Practical data sets, including the temperature distribution in Beijing and the global position system (GPS) tracking data of over 6000 taxis in the city, are used in our experiments to verify the reconstruction accuracy and energy efficiency of the scheme. Different vehicular mobility models are also employed to study the impact of movement behavior. Simulation results show that our proposed approach outperforms the conventional sampling and interpolation strategy, which propagates data in uncompressed format, by 5 dB in reconstruction quality and by 50% in communication complexity reduction for the same sampling rate. - Author(s): R.-S. Chang ; S.-H. Wang ; S.-L. Tsai ; W.-P. Yang
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 3, p. 222 –229
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2011.0138
- Type: Article
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Recent research has shown that using a mobile element to help enhance energy efficiency is popular. A mobile element can move in a sensed area to provide connectivity and collect sensed data. However, the mobile element can only travel over a portion of a sensor network under temporal constraints. To have better energy saving of WSNs, the authors plan rendezvous points for a mobile element to travel by mapping sensors in a plane to a point on a Halin graph. Using the Halin graph helps solve rendezvous planning in polynomial time. The simulation results show the merits of the proposed method. - Author(s): J. Yan and L. Wu
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 3, p. 230 –237
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2012.0017
- Type: Article
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Owing to the characteristic of single frequency network and passive location, base station (BS) identification becomes a prominent problem when the digital TV (DTV) signal is utilised for positioning. In this work, a universal BS identification algorithm by fuzzy logic is proposed for any DTV standard. First, all possible time of arrival (TOA)–BS relationship arrangement sets are obtained with the knowledge of permutation and combination. Then all degrees of the membership about measurement model input obtained from possible TOA–BS relationship set are calculated and compared to obtain accurate BS identification result. In order to extend the application range to non-line-of-sight scenarios, a position validation based on aerodynamic kinematics model is introduced to validate the position estimation obtained from the position estimation method. At last, the validated position estimation parameters are utilised for degree of membership calculation. In order to low the computing complexity, the cluster centre can be determined by the position estimation feedback rather than iteration calculation. It can be considered more effective and economical than any current alternative. Compared with other algorithm, the proposed method has the lowest execute complexity and the most brilliant application prospects. The simulation results demonstrated its robustness and high performance. - Author(s): L. Xue ; Y. Yuan ; X. Guan ; Z. Liu ; B. Yang
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 3, p. 238 –246
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2011.0071
- Type: Article
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Considering the need for an optimised routing strategy as the most effective network dynamic for the lifetime and overall performance of a relay-based unstructured network, commonly used in wireless sensor systems, usually has been overlooked in order to be properly adopted for its practical real-time working environment has been studied in this paper. Following an investigation for using the quality-of-service management routing strategy, the authors propose a velocity-based routing protocol with a reliability and energy-efficiency routing scheme to enhance the network real-time routing performance, energy efficiency and transmission reliability upon adopting our new routing method. Our proposed method makes use of some intelligent functions (on the fly) including (i) selection of eligible relay node using two-hop neighbourhood information, (ii) estimated delivery velocity and (iii) energy aware-based energy-cost using the newly defined performance index. Some extensive simulation results are gathered and compared with our experimental results obtained for conventional routing schemes. The numerical results validate our claims of superiority of the new routing method for flexibility upon diversified requirements in different application scenarios. - Author(s): Y. Li ; Z. Jia ; F. Liu ; S. Xie
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 3, p. 247 –252
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2011.0162
- Type: Article
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For wireless sensor networks (WSNs), it is constantly demanded to process information more rapidly with less energy and area cost. Currently, processor based solutions have difficult to achieve high processing speed with low-power consumption. A novel partial dynamic reconfiguration-based WSN node is proposed in this study. First, a node architecture is described, which contains a processor and reconfigurable hardware (HW). The reconfigurable area can be dynamically and remotely reconfigured. Then the associated design and work flow are presented. As the compiled configuration file is pre-stored in the node. For a new configuration, only the related signal is transmitted to initiate the reconfiguration. To demonstrate the benefits of our approach, four typical test cases are selected and used to evaluate our reconfigurable HW. Compared with the software approach, apart from the performance improvement, power and area saving are also demonstrated in this study. Furthermore, each node can be maintained during its lifetime. - Author(s): Y. Xu ; L. Shen ; P. Wu
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 3, p. 253 –261
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2012.0020
- Type: Article
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In this study, the authors investigate the performance of opportunistic relaying (OR) in wireless sensor and ad hoc networks in an interference environment and propose a relay selection region for OR. Assuming that nodes are homogeneously distributed according to Poisson point process, the authors find closed-form expressions of the outage probability and transmission capacity for the OR wireless networks. After this, they further derive the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) for OR at finite signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and then find an upper bound of source node density to guarantee the diversity gain to be positive, that is, the outage probability of OR decreases as SNR grows. On the basis of these analyses, the authors find out the relay selection region where the transmission capacity of OR is better than that of direct transmission (DRT). The simulation results show that OR does not always perform better than DRT when the density of source nodes is large. In this case, we can improve the performance of OR by selecting the region of relays. In addition, the results show that DMT is degraded as the spatial correlation (interference) increases and OR cannot achieve full diversity order in the interfered network. Moreover, asymptotic analyses show that the proposed framework can also be used for the interference-free situation. - Author(s): Y. Li ; D. Jin ; L. Su ; L. Zeng ; H.F. Rashvand
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 3, p. 262 –271
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2012.0015
- Type: Article
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In order to provide communication services in delay/fault-tolerant mobile sensor network (DFT-MSNs) for pervasive information gathering where it lacks end-to-end paths between the sensor sources and information sink, a variety of forwarding and routing schemes have been proposed. Consequently, it is significant to accurately evaluate the performance to show their advantages and inferiority. At the same time, energy is very limited, and is a serious problem in DFT-MSNs in practice, and it impacts the system performance significantly. However, current existing works of routing performance evaluation ignore the influence of the energy constraint. In this study, the authors investigate the performance of routing schemes for the energy-constrained DFT-MSNs. First, the authors model the two-hop relaying, epidemic routing and K-hop forwarding with energy constraint based on a continuous-time Markov chain. Then, the authors obtain the system performance of message delivery delay and delivery cost by explicit expressions. By both simulation and numerical evaluation, the authors demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed model and reveal that the energy constraint avoids the message storms efficiently which are harmful to the systems in term of delivery cost and transmission contention. - Author(s): A. Hossain ; S. Chakrabarti ; P.K. Biswas
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 3, p. 272 –281
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2011.0101
- Type: Article
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Network coverage is an important issue for wireless sensor network. It depends on several factors including sensing model that has been used to design the network model. The sensor nodes are prone to be non-functional because of noise, battery energy depletion, software and hardware problems. Hence, it is relevant to assess network coverage considering node failure as a parameter. In the literature, coverage has been extensively studied for Boolean and shadow-fading sensing models. However, Elfes sensing model has not been considered. In this study, the authors investigate the impact of sensing model and node failure on network coverage. Also, temporal variation of coverage has been investigated. A strategy for maintaining constant coverage is proposed. - Author(s): D. Chinh Hoang ; R. Kumar ; S. Kumar Panda
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 3, p. 282 –292
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2011.0146
- Type: Article
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Energy conservation is an important aspect in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to extend the network lifetime. In order to obtain energy-efficient data transmission within the network, sensor nodes can be organised into an optimal data aggregation tree with optimally selected aggregation nodes to transfer data. Various nature-inspired optimisation methods have been shown to outperform conventional methods when solving this problem in a distributed manner, that is, each sensor node makes its own decision on routing the data. In this study, a novel optimisation algorithm called intelligent water drops (IWDs) is adopted to construct the optimal data aggregation trees for the WSNs. Further enhancement of the basic IWD algorithm is proposed to improve the construction of the tree by attempting to increase the probability of selecting optimum aggregation nodes. The computational experiment results show that the IWD algorithm is able to obtain a better data aggregation tree with a smaller number of edges representing direct communication between two nodes when compared with the well-known optimisation method such as ant colony optimisation. In addition, the proposed improved version of the IWD algorithm provides better performance in comparison with the basic IWD algorithm for saving the energy of WSNs.
Node capture attack detection and defence in wireless sensor networks
Multiple-input multiple-output cross-layer antenna selection and beamforming for cognitive networks
Efficient wireless power delivery for biomedical implants
Distributed passive radar sensor networks with near-space vehicle-borne receivers
Efficient information valuation and costing for distributed wireless sensor networks
Chernoff information path loss in wireless relay sensor networks
Efficient sampling and compressive sensing for urban monitoring vehicular sensor networks
Planning rendezvous using the Halin graph in wireless sensor networks
Base station identification in single frequency network positioning system using fuzzy logic technique
Velocity-based routing strategy for quality-of-service management in wireless sensor networks
Hardware reconfigurable wireless sensor network node with power and area efficiency
Performance analysis and relay selection region for interfered opportunistic relaying wireless sensor and ad hoc networks
Performance evaluation of routing schemes for energy-constrained delay/fault-tolerant mobile sensor network
Impact of sensing model on wireless sensor network coverage
Optimal data aggregation tree in wireless sensor networks based on intelligent water drops algorithm
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