Online ISSN
2043-6394
Print ISSN
2043-6386
IET Wireless Sensor Systems
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2012
Volumes & issues:
Volume 2, Issue 1
March 2012
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- Author(s): W. Chen and I.J. Wassell
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 1, p. 1 –8
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2011.0009
- Type: Article
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The sampling rate of the sensors in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) determines the rate of its energy consumption, since most of the energy is used in sampling and transmission. To save the energy in WSNs and thus prolong the network lifetime, the authors present a novel approach based on the compressive sensing (CS) framework to monitor 1-D environmental information in WSNs. The proposed technique is based on CS theory to minimise the number of samples taken by sensor nodes. An innovative feature of the proposed approach is a new random sampling scheme that considers the causality of sampling, hardware limitations and the trade-off between the randomisation scheme and computational complexity. In addition, a sampling rate indicator feedback scheme is proposed to enable the sensor to adjust its sampling rate to maintain an acceptable reconstruction performance while minimising the number of samples. A significant reduction in the number of samples required to achieve acceptable reconstruction error is demonstrated using real data gathered by a WSN located in the Hessle Anchorage of the Humber Bridge. - Author(s): B. Moussakhani ; J.T. Flåm ; S. Støa ; I. Balasingham ; T. Ramstad
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 1, p. 9 –15
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2011.0060
- Type: Article
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In this work, localisation of a source within an absorbing medium is considered. By an absorbing medium, the authors mean an environment where the signal power decays exponentially with distance. The authors assume that the source is heard by nearby sensors when transmitting and its position shall be estimated based on the received signal strength (RSS) by these sensors. Under these assumptions, the focus is to determine the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB). Thus, the goal is to derive the theoretical performance limit for an optimal estimator, and to study the feasibility of RSS-based localisation in an absorbing environment and specifically in human abdominal region. The authors demonstrate that the CRLB greatly depends on the shadowing conditions, and also on the relative positions of the sensors and the source. Although the obtained results are quite general, the motivating application is localisation of capsule endoscope in human abdominal region. The authors find that the RSS-based method can reach the needed accuracy for localising a capsule endoscope. - Author(s): H. Yongtai ; L. Lihui ; L. Yanqiu
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 1, p. 16 –21
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2011.0078
- Type: Article
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The advantages of the wireless sensor nodes, integrated with the solar photovoltaic (PV) micro-power supply, have been proved, and some design technologies of the solar PV micro-power supply have been proposed in the previous report. However, using the wireless sensor nodes integrated with the solar PV micro-power supply is limited in complex illumination conditions because of the low energy conversion efficiency of the solar PV micro-power supply. To enlarge application environment of the wireless sensor nodes integrated with the solar PV micro-power supply, it is crucial to enhance the energy conversion efficiency of the solar PV micro-power supply in complex illumination conditions. In the study, a novel solar PV micro-power supply using the optimal voltage control technique and the solar cells array in series–parallel has been designed. Moreover, the wireless sensor node integrated with the solar PV micro-power supply has been achieved. In different illumination environments, the performances of the solar PV micro-power supply have been tested. According to test results, the solar PV micro-power supply can keep high output conversion efficiency and the output stability in complex illumination conditions. - Author(s): B. Panigrahi ; A. Sharma ; S. De
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 1, p. 22 –30
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2011.0094
- Type: Article
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In a distributed control multi-hop wireless ad hoc network, multi-user interference plays a significant role in determining the network performance. Although the effects of hidden/exposed terminals on the system throughput in wireless ad hoc networks have been extensively studied, the multi-user interference power computation without as well as with distributed power control and their effects on the network level performance have not been analysed in the literature. In this study, via probabilistic analysis the authors capture the total interference power that a receiver node experiences for fixed power transmissions as well as variable power transmissions. The authors demonstrate the impact of interference on the effective communication range of the nodes. Subsequently, the authors study the joint impact of interference, power control, and different forwarding strategies on the network lifetime. They propose two variants of forwarding protocols, power controlled nearest forward (PCN) and network lifetime extending PCN (E-PCN), which are interference aware and offer network lifetime maximisation in power controlled transmission scenarios. The numerical results on random static network performance are verified by MATLAB as well as NS-2-based network simulations. The results show that the proposed protocols outperform the existing ones in terms of network lifetime. - Author(s): M. Ashouri ; Z. Zali ; S.R. Mousavi ; M.R. Hashemi
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 1, p. 31 –39
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2011.0085
- Type: Article
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Lifetime extension is a fundamental concern in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) owing to the limited energy of each sensor. Random and dense deployment of sensors in many applications impose some coverage redundancy in WSNs, which motivates methods to avoid such redundancy for extending the overall lifetime of the networks. An effective method for this purpose is to divide the sensors into a maximum number of disjoint groups called covers, each of which can cover all targets, so that only one cover is active at any time. The problem of obtaining the maximum number of covers has been proved to be NP-hard. In this study, an optimal method is proposed for the problem. The proposed method is based on the transformation of the problem into the well-known Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method is superior to existing genetic (GAMDSC) and heuristic (MCMCC) methods. Moreover, as an optimal algorithm, it guarantees obtaining an optimum solution, whereas the existing (meta)heuristic algorithms do not. In addition, we extend the proposed method to the K-coverage problem, where each target is supposed to be covered by at least K number of nodes. - Author(s): L. Zhang ; D. Li ; H. Zhu ; L. Cui
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 1, p. 40 –51
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2011.0012
- Type: Article
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Deployment is an important issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Most recent researches focus on the optimal deployment strategy to achieve full coverage in WSNs. However, the sensing devices in practical applications are finite, and cannot achieve full coverage in the whole monitored region. Moreover, the monitored objects distribute unevenly, and thus the monitored significance differs from region to region. How to deploy limited number of sensors efficiently has been to an important issue. In this study, we propose a new coverage problem in WSNs, named N-node coverage, to acquire the maximum information about monitored objects with N sensors. In this problem, the captured information is used as the new evaluation metric for network coverage. On the basis of the metric, we establish the N-node network coverage model, and prove that the N-node coverage problem is NP-hard. The authors propose a heuristic algorithm for deployment, named optimisation schEme of N-node (OPEN), to obtain the near-optimal solution of the problem. Experimental results show that the OPEN can effectively improve the coverage performance of the WSNs, and is able to provide practical guideline for deployment of WSNs with limited number of nodes. - Author(s): S. Zairi ; B. Zouari ; E. Niel ; E. Dumitrescu
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 1, p. 52 –62
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2011.0074
- Type: Article
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Coverage and energy conservation are two major issues in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), especially when sensors are randomly deployed in large areas. In such WSNs, sensors are equipped with limited lifetime batteries and redundantly cover the target area. To face the short lifetime of the WSN, the objective is to optimise energy consumption while maintaining the full sensing coverage. A major technique to save the energy is to use a wake-up scheduling protocol through which some nodes stay active whereas the others enter sleep state so as to conserve their energy. This study presents an original algorithm for node selfscheduling to decide which ones have to switch to the sleep state. The novelty is to take into account the remaining energy at every node in the decision of turning off redundant nodes. Hence, the node with a low remaining energy has priority over its neighbours to enter sleep state. The decision is based on a local neighbourhood knowledge that minimises the algorithm overhead. To verify and evaluate the proposed algorithm, simulations have been conducted and have shown that it can contribute to extend the network lifetime. A comparison with existing works is also presented and the performance gains are highlighted. - Author(s): R. Yu ; Y. Zhang ; K. Yang ; S. Xie ; H.-H. Chen
- Source: IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Volume 2, Issue 1, p. 63 –74
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2011.0093
- Type: Article
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The authors study the issues on distributed geographical packet forwarding in wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs) using a stochastic optimal control approach. First, a distributed geographic-informed forwarding (DGIF) scheme is proposed that defines a set of distributed routing policies. Then, the distributed WSAN packet forwarding problem is modelled and analysed from the perspective of stochastic optimal control. The WSAN is viewed as a controlled stochastic system. The routing procedure is determined by the routing policy and system disturbance (e.g. the position uncertainty of remote nodes) jointly. An improved value iteration method is presented to accelerate the convergence of the optimal routing strategy. The reliability-driven routing algorithm (called DGIF-RRP) for emergency applications and the quality-of-service-aware routing algorithm (called DGIF-QRP) for real-time applications are proposed. Simulations are carried out to evaluate the proposed routing algorithms. The results show that DGIF-RRP and DGIF-QRP significantly outperform two enhanced versions of the Dijkstra's algorithm in emergency and real-time applications, respectively.
Energy-efficient signal acquisition in wireless sensor networks: a compressive sensing framework
On localisation accuracy inside the human abdomen region
Design of solar photovoltaic micro-power supply for application of wireless sensor nodes in complex illumination environments
Interference aware power controlled forwarding for lifetime maximisation of wireless ad hoc networks
New optimal solution to disjoint set K-coverage for lifetime extension in wireless sensor networks
OPEN: an optimisation scheme of N-node coverage in wireless sensor networks
Nodes self-scheduling approach for maximising wireless sensor network lifetime based on remaining energy
Distributed geographical packet forwarding in wireless sensor and actuator networks – a stochastic optimal control approach
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