Online ISSN
1751-8792
Print ISSN
1751-8784
IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation
Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2010
Volumes & issues:
Volume 4, Issue 5
October 2010
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- Author(s): G. Oliveri and A. Massa
- Source: IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, Volume 4, Issue 5, p. 649 –661
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-rsn.2009.0186
- Type: Article
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p.
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–661
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The present study proposes an analytical technique based on almost difference sets (ADSs) for the design of interleaved linear arrays with well-behaved and predictable radiation features. Thanks to the mathematical properties of ADSs, such a methodology allows the design of interlaced arrangements with peak sidelobe levels (PSLs) only dependent on the aperture size, the number of elements of each subarray and the behaviour of the autocorrelation function of the ADS at hand. PSL bounds are analytically derived and an extensive numerical validation is provided to assess the reliability, the computational efficiency and the effectiveness of the proposed approach. It is worth noticing that, although without any optimisation, such an analytic techniques still able to improve (on average ≃0.3 dB) the performances of GA-optimised layouts. - Author(s): B. Liu ; C. Ji ; Y. Zhang ; C. Hao ; K.-K. Wong
- Source: IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, Volume 4, Issue 5, p. 662 –672
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-rsn.2009.0051
- Type: Article
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p.
662
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For multi-target tracking (MTT) in the presence of clutters, both issues of state estimation and data association are crucial. This study tackles them jointly by Sequential Monte Carlo methods, a.k.a. particle filters. A number of novel particle algorithms are devised. The first one, which we term Monte-Carlo data association (MCDA), is a direct extension of the classical sequential importance resampling (SIR) algorithm. The second one is called maximum predictive particle filter (MPPF), in which the measurement combination with the maximum predictive likelihood is used to update the estimate of the multi-target's posterior. The third, called proportionally weighting particle filter (PWPF), weights all feasible measurement combinations according to their predictive likelihoods, and uses them proportionally in the importance sampling framework. We demonstrate the efficiency and superiority of our methods over conventional approaches through simulations. - Author(s): J.-C. Juang and Y.-H. Chen
- Source: IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, Volume 4, Issue 5, p. 673 –684
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-rsn.2008.0173
- Type: Article
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p.
673
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The acquisition of spreading sequences is a crucial task in spread-spectrum communication and ranging receivers. An acquisition method by utilising a multi-bit local code to acquire spread-spectrum signals is presented. The local code design problem towards multiple-support, bounded sidelobe, bounded cross-correlation, balance and bounded variance is formulated and solved through a quadratic programming. Based on the local codes, a multi-layer acquisition approach is devised to yield an overall improvement in acquisition speed. The performance tradeoffs in the code design stage and code acquisition stage are described. Applications of the proposed method to acquire global positioning system and Galileo codes are provided. It is shown that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the mean acquisition time in comparison with the traditional search approach. - Author(s): F. Lian ; C.-Z. Han ; W.-F. Liu ; X.-X. Yan ; H.-Y. Zhou
- Source: IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, Volume 4, Issue 5, p. 685 –702
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-rsn.2009.0109
- Type: Article
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This study proposes a sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) implementation to the Mahler's group probability hypothesis density filter (PHDF) for partly unresolvable group targets tracking problem. A potential limitation of the group PHDF is that it cannot be used to determine the number of groups. Therefore we have to jointly extract the group number and states from the proposed group SMC-PHDF at each time step. We propose to fit the resampled particles of the group SMC-PHDF by application of Gaussian mixture models with unknown component number. In the mixture, the number and parameters of the components correspond to the number and states of the groups over the observation region. The Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is proposed to estimate the component parameters of the mixture. The estimate of component number of the mixture can be derived by a component management strategy. In simulation, the proposed group SMC-PHDF with the expectation maximum (EM) and MCMC extractions are, respectively, used to detect and track the groups. Hundred Monte Carlo simulation results show that the latter outperforms the former a lot in estimating the group number and states, although the computational requirement of the MCMC extraction is more expensive than the EM extraction. - Author(s): Z.T. Huang ; Z.M. Liu ; J. Liu ; Y.Y. Zhou
- Source: IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, Volume 4, Issue 5, p. 703 –711
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-rsn.2009.0003
- Type: Article
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p.
703
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The mutual coupling effect in practical arrays is hard to eliminate completely, and such effect brings a deterministic bias into the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimates for non-circular signals. The bias is analysed in this study and closed-form expressions for the biases in uniform linear arrays (ULA) and general linear arrays (GLA) are given. Numerical examples are carried out to verify the correctness of the theoretical biases in various signal environments. - Author(s): Y.-T. Lee ; C.-M. Chang ; W.-L. Mao ; F.-R. Chang ; H.-W. Tsao
- Source: IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, Volume 4, Issue 5, p. 712 –723
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-rsn.2009.0147
- Type: Article
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In the global positioning system (GPS), code acquisition involves searching all possible code-phase candidates for the existence of satellites. Although code-phase search using a matched filter (MF) is efficient for one satellite, computational complexity increases if numerous satellites have to be searched simultaneously. In this study, a low-complexity routing correlator (RC) that can acquire multiple satellites is proposed. The rationale behind the RC is to fully utilise partial correlation values, which are by-products during the code acquisition process. Traditionally, each satellite's partial correlation values are instantly summed to decide its existence only. The partial correlation values in the RC, in contrast, can be shared to derive the correlation results of multiple satellites. By sharing and reusing these temporary correlation values, the proposed RC can simultaneously tackle multiple satellites and output the corresponding correlation results, as if there are multiple MFs operating at the same time. In addition, using the RC will not degrade the signal-to-noise ratio. A low-complexity acquisition unit employing the RC for GPS coarse/acquisition (C/A) codes is demonstrated, and the simulation results show that the computational complexity is reduced by about 94%, compared to the conventional MFs. - Author(s): G. Cui ; L. Kong ; X. Yang
- Source: IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, Volume 4, Issue 5, p. 724 –732
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-rsn.2009.0056
- Type: Article
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This study mainly deals with the problem of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar in compound-Gaussian clutter-dominated scenario with unknown covariance matrix. The general MIMO model, with widely separated sub-arrays and co-located antennas at each sub-array, is adopted. First, the signal model is developed to compound-Gaussian clutter, and then, the generalised likelihood rate test (GLRT) and Rao detectors are derived with known covariance matrix. To make the detectors fully adaptive, the secondary with signal-free data is collected to estimate the covariance. A thorough performance assessment is also given, which considers the sense with co-located antennas configuration of transmitters and receivers array. Via several numerical examples, it is shown that the derived GLRT and Rao detectors can provide excellent detection performance in spikier clutter compared with the detector, which is derived by Jian Li in Gaussian clutter. To this end, the Rao detector outperforms best. - Author(s): S.Y. Cho and Y.W. Choi
- Source: IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, Volume 4, Issue 5, p. 733 –743
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-rsn.2009.0157
- Type: Article
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This study describes an efficient wireless location method for access point (AP)-less environments based on peer-to-peer (P2P) ranging of the impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB). In order to achieve an accurate ranging, which is a basal condition for the accurate wireless location, IEEE 802.15.4a-based IR-UWB is selected as a localisation infrastructure. The IR-UWB can provide the accurate ranging information. However, the coverage of IR-UWB is as short as 30 m owing to the restriction of the power spectral density, that is, −41.3 dBm/MHz. This fact as well as the AP-less environment is the motivation of this study. To extend the coverage of localisation in the AP-less area, an efficient localisation method based on the P2P ranging between IR-UWB tags is presented. In the proposed method, iterative least square (ILS) and direct solution (DS) methods are used together for an estimation algorithm. This study also provides the clues for solving the problems that the ILS and DS methods have. Then the performance of the proposed method is verified by a Monte-Carlo simulation using the analysis tool developed in this work. - Author(s): C.D. Karlgaard and H. Schaub
- Source: IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, Volume 4, Issue 5, p. 744 –745
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-rsn.2010.0156
- Type: Article
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p.
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- Author(s): X. Wang
- Source: IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, Volume 4, Issue 5, page: 746 –746
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-rsn.2010.0186
- Type: Article
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p.
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Fully interleaved linear arrays with predictable sidelobes based on almost difference sets
Multi-target tracking in clutter with sequential Monte Carlo methods
Global navigation satellite system signal acquisition using multi-bit codes and a multi-layer search strategy
Sequential Monte Carlo implementation and state extraction of the group probability hypothesis density filter for partly unresolvable group targets-tracking problem
Performance analysis of MUSIC for non-circular signals in the presence of mutual coupling
Matched-filter-based low-complexity correlator for simultaneously acquiring global positioning system satellites
Multiple-input multiple-output radar detectors design in non-Gaussian clutter
Access point-less wireless location method based on peer-to-peer ranging of impulse radio ultra-wideband
Comment: Huber-based unscented filtering and its application to vision-based relative navigation
Reply: Comment on ‘Huber-based unscented filtering and its application to vision-based relative navigation’
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