Metabolomics, an emerging omics technology developed in the post‐gene age, is an important part of systems biology. It interprets the pathophysiological state of the subject by quantitatively describing the dynamic changes of metabolites through analytical methods, mainly mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is a method used to manipulate sperm, oocytes, and embryos to achieve conception. Recently, several studies have reported that metabolomics methods can be used to measure metabolites in ART samples; these metabolites can be used to evaluate the quality of gametes and embryos. This article reviews the progress of research on metabolomics and the application of this technology in the field of ART, thus providing a reference for research and development directions in the future.

As a first‐line anticancer drug, paclitaxel has shortcomings, such as poor solubility and lack of tumour cell selectivity, which limit its further applications in clinical practice. Therefore, the authors aimed to utilise the characteristics of prodrug and nanotechnology to prepare a reactive oxygen species (ROS) and GSH dual‐responsive targeted tumour prodrug nanoparticle Man‐PEG‐SS‐PLGA/ProPTX to improve the clinical application status of paclitaxel limitation. The characterisation of Man‐PEG‐SS‐PLGA/ProPTX was carried out through preparation. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles on tumour cells and the effect on apoptosis of tumour cells were investigated by cytotoxicity assay and flow cytometry analysis. The ROS responsiveness of nanoparticles was investigated by detecting the ROS level of tumour cells. The tumour cell selectivity of the nanoparticles was further investigated by receptor affinity assay and cell uptake assay. The particle size of Man‐PEG‐SS‐PLGA/ProPTX was (132.90 ± 1.81) nm, the dispersion coefficient Polymer dispersity index was 0.13 ± 0.03, and the Zeta potential was (−8.65 ± 0.50) mV. The encapsulation rate was 95.46 ± 2.31% and the drug load was 13.65 ± 2.31%. The nanoparticles could significantly inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis of MCF‐7, HepG2, and MDA‐MB‐231 tumour cells. It has good ROS response characteristics and targeting. The targeted uptake mechanism is energy‐dependent and endocytosis is mediated by non‐clathrin, non‐caveolin, lipid raft/caveolin, and cyclooxygenase (COX)/caveolin with a certain concentration dependence and time dependence. Man‐PEG‐SS‐PLGA/ProPTX is a tumour microenvironment‐responsive nanoparticle that can actively target tumour cells. It restricts the release of PTX in normal tissues, enhances its selectivity to tumour cells, and has significant antitumour activity, which is expected to solve the current limitations of PTX use.

(1). We take advantage of prodrug characteristics and nanotechnology to prepare an ROS and GSH dual‐responsive targeted tumour prodrug nanoparticle Man‐PEG‐ss‐PLGA/pro‐PTX. (2). Man‐PEG‐SS‐PLGA/ProPTX restricts the release of PTX in normal tissues, enhances its selectivity to tumour cells, and has significant antitumour activity, which is expected to solve the current limitations of PTX use.image

Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a life‐threatening disease that occurs due to a lack of oxygen in the lungs, leading to an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular failure, and ultimately death. HPH is a multifactorial disorder that involves multiple molecular pathways, making it a challenge for clinicians to identify effective therapies. Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) play a crucial role in HPH pathogenesis by proliferating, resisting apoptosis, and promoting vascular remodelling. Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound, has shown potential as a therapeutic agent for HPH by reducing pulmonary vascular resistance, inhibiting vascular remodelling, and promoting apoptosis of PASMCs. Regulation of PASMCs could significantly inhibits HPH. However, curcumin has the disadvantages of poor solubility and low bioavailability, and its derivative WZ35 has better biosafety. Here, Cu‐based metal organic frameworks (MOF_Cu) was fabricated to encapsulate the curcumin analogue WZ35 (MOF_Cu@WZ35) for the inhibition of PASMCs proliferation. The authors found that the MOF_Cu@WZ35 could promote the death of PASMCs. Furthermore, the authors believed that this drug delivery system will effectively alleviate the HPH.

Cu‐based metal organic frameworks (MOFCu) encapsulate the curcumin analogue WZ35 (MOFCu@WZ35) for the inhibition of PASMCs proliferation.image

The present research aims to encapsulate lawsone in polylactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles modified with folic acid (FA) and chitosan (CS) to study its anticancer effects against Panc‐1 cells. The nanoparticles were analysed in means of shape/size and zeta potential index using scanning electron microscope and dynamic light scattering. High‐performance liquid chromatography was applied to evaluate the lawsone entrapment efficacy. The authors performed acridine orange/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry to monitor apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. The expressions of apoptosis‐related genes (BAX and BCL‐2) were assessed by real time PCR. Nanoparticle antioxidative and antibacterial activities were examined by DPPH/ABTS scavenging assay, disk diffusion method, and minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration evaluation. The NPs were 229.65 nm, the encapsulation efficiency was 81%. The concentration of lawsone that exerts 50% cell growth inhibition (IC₅₀) against Panc‐1 cells was calculated 118.4 μL. Apoptosis induction was evidenced by the increased number of orange cells and increased proportion of cells in G1‐Sub phase respectively. Moreover, lawsone‐loaded nanoparticle upregulated BAX gene expression, while downregulated BCL2expression, suggesting the activation of apoptotic pathway. The observed cytotoxic/apoptotic properties suggest that Lawson‐loaded PLGA‐FA‐CS‐NPs hold a great potential in pancreatic cancer treatment.

The present research aim to encapsulate lawsone in polylactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles modified with folic acid (FA) and chitosan (CS) to study its anticancer effects against Panc‐1 cells. The nanoparticle were analysed in means of shape/size and zeta potential index (PDI) using scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to evaluate the lawsone entrapment efficacy. We performed acridine orange/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry to monitor apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. The expressions of apoptosis‐related genes (BAX and BCL‐2) were assessed by real time PCR.image