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Online ISSN 1751-875X Print ISSN 1751-8741

IET Nanobiotechnology

Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2011

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Volume 5, Issue 3

September 2011

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    • Optimum coding framework for error detection in the self-assembly of the Sierpinski triangle
      • Author(s): Z. Mashreghian Arani ; M. Hashempour ; F. Lombardi
      • Source: IET Nanobiotechnology, Volume 5, Issue 3, p. 61 –68
      • DOI:  10.1049/iet-nbt.2010.0037
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 61 –68 (8)
        This study presents a coding framework by which DNA self-assembly can be analysed for error detection. The proposed framework relies on coding and mapping functions that allow establishing the correctness of bonding each tile based on the codes of the tiles along a so-called traversal path. This method is different from the one that relies on comparing the pattern to be assembled (as defined by the tile set) and the current aggregate (as resulting from previously assembled tiles). As a widely used pattern and instantiation of this process, the Sierpinski triangle self-assembly is analysed in detail. The Sierpinski triangle is therefore utilised as an example to show the application of the proposed method. Different properties are proposed and its optimum coding is achieved for error detection. Simulation results are presented.
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      Polysaccharides and phytochemicals: a natural reservoir for the green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles
      • Author(s): Y. Park ; Y.N. Hong ; A. Weyers ; Y.S. Kim ; R.J. Linhardt
      • Source: IET Nanobiotechnology, Volume 5, Issue 3, p. 69 –78
      • DOI:  10.1049/iet-nbt.2010.0033
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 69 –78 (10)
        Currently, sustainability initiatives that use green chemistry to improve and/or protect our global environment are becoming focal issues in many fields of research. Instead of using toxic chemicals for the reduction and stabilisation of metallic nanoparticles, the use of various biological entities has received considerable attention in the field of nanobiotechnology. Among the many possible natural products, polysaccharides and biologically active plant products represent excellent scaffolds for this purpose. Polysaccharides have hydroxyl groups, a hemiacetal reducing end, and other functionalities that can play important roles in both the reduction and the stabilisation of metallic nanoparticles. Among the various categories of compounds in plants that have potent biological activities, phytochemicals are emerging as an important natural resource for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. The focus of this review is the application of polysaccharides and phytochemicals in the green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles to afford biocomposites with novel uses in nanomedicine and as nanocomposites.
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      Effects of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) on preparation and characteristics of plasmid DNA-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles
      • Author(s): L. Zhu ; S. Xie ; Z. Dong ; X. Wang ; Y. Wang ; W. Zhou
      • Source: IET Nanobiotechnology, Volume 5, Issue 3, p. 79 –85
      • DOI:  10.1049/iet-nbt.2010.0041
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 79 –85 (7)
        Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was used as a polymeric emulsifier to encapsulate plasmid DNA into hydrogenated castor oil (HCO)-solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) by w/o/w double emulsion and solvent evaporation techniques. The effects of PLGA on the preparation, characteristics and transfection efficiency of DNA-loaded SLN were studied. The results showed that PLGA was essential to form the primary w/o emulsion and the stability of the emulsion was enhanced with the increase of PLGA content. DNA-loaded SLN were spherical with smooth surfaces. The SLN had a negative charge in weak acid and alkaline environment but acquired a positive charge in acidic pH and the cationisation capacity of the SLN increased with the increase of PLGA/HCO ratio. Agarose gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the majority of the DNA maintained its structural integrity after preparation and being extracted or released from DNA-loaded SLN. When PLGA/HCO ratio increased from 5 to 15%, the encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity and transfection efficiency of the nanoparticles increased significantly, whereas the changes of particle size and polydispersity index were insignificant. Cytotoxicity study in cell culture demonstrated that the SLN was not toxic.
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      Review of the theory of generalised dielectrophoresis
      • Author(s): U. Lei  and  Y.J. Lo
      • Source: IET Nanobiotechnology, Volume 5, Issue 3, p. 86 –106
      • DOI:  10.1049/iet-nbt.2011.0001
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 86 –106 (21)
        Generalised dielectrophoresis (gDEP), including conventional dielectrophoresis (cDEP), electrorotation (ER) and travelling wave dielectrophoresis (twDEP), is an effective tool for particle (cell) manipulation and characterisation, even down to the level of nano-sized objects such as DNA, proteins and viruses. All the disciplines of gDEP are originated from the interaction of an applied electric field with its polarisation effect on the particle and can be studied systematically in a unified approach under electrostatics. In this review, the authors discuss both the quasi-static and transient theory of gDEP in an unbounded medium for both spherical and ellipsoidal particles. Then the quasi-static theory of wall effect is discussed on gDEP for a spherical particle. The wall effect is minor for ER, twDEP and cDEP parallel to wall(s), but could be significant for cDEP normal to wall(s). Force and torque expressions in terms of electric potential and its derivatives are provided and suggested for a robust calculation of the twDEP force and DEP torque. Discussions are provided for the application of the theory to nano-sized particles. The authors also illustrate some features of the Clausius–Mossotti factor using erythrocyte as an example, including both the crossover (DEP) and peak frequencies (ER) at low and high-frequency limits.
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