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Online ISSN 1751-875X Print ISSN 1751-8741

IET Nanobiotechnology

Volume 5, Issue 2, June 2011

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Volume 5, Issue 2

June 2011

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    • Development of rapid oral bacteria detection apparatus based on dielectrophoretic impedance measurement method
      • Author(s): R. Hamada ; J. Suehiro ; M. Nakano ; T. Kikutani ; K. Konishi
      • Source: IET Nanobiotechnology, Volume 5, Issue 2, p. 25 –31
      • DOI:  10.1049/iet-nbt.2010.0011
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 25 –31 (7)
        In this study, a bacteria detection apparatus based on dielectrophoretic impedance measurement (DEPIM) method was demonstrated for rapid evaluation of oral hygiene. The authors integrated a micro electrode chip on which bacteria were captured by dielectrophoresis (DEP), an AC voltage source to induce DEP force, and an impedance measurement circuit to a portable instrument that enables rapid and automated oral bacterial inspection in hospitals and clinics. Special considerations have been made on effects of high electrical conductivity of oral samples on DEP force and DEPIM results. It was shown experimentally and theoretically that using a higher electric field frequency for the DEP bacteria trap and the impedance measurement could realise DEPIM application to bacteria inspection from oral samples with higher conductivity. Based on these investigations, the authors optimised the frequency condition of the DEPIM suitable for inspecting an oral sample along with the design and development of a portable DEPIM apparatus for on-site inspection of oral bacteria. Under the optimised frequency condition, DEPIM results were in good agreement with the conventional culture method showing significant applicability of the DEPIM apparatus for practical rapid oral bacteria inspection.
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      Investigating purine-functionalised carbon nanotubes and their properties: a computational approach
      • Author(s): M. Mirzaei ; H.R. Kalhor ; N.L. Hadipour
      • Source: IET Nanobiotechnology, Volume 5, Issue 2, p. 32 –35
      • DOI:  10.1049/iet-nbt.2010.0020
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 32 –35 (4)
        Density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate the properties of purine-functionalised carbon nanotube (CNT), including adenine and guanine functionalised models (CNT-A and CNT-G). The results indicated that the CNT-G model could be better dispersed in the hydrated systems, whereas the CNT-A model could be expected as a more favourably stable structure. The results also indicated that the quadrupole coupling constant (CQ) for the nitrogen atoms of the CNT-G model detects more significant changes than the CNT-A model with respect to the individual guanine and adenine structures.
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      Cytotoxic effects of MgO nanoparticles on human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro
      • Author(s): S. Ge ; G. Wang ; Y. Shen ; Q. Zhang ; D. Jia ; H. Wang ; Q. Dong ; T. Yin
      • Source: IET Nanobiotechnology, Volume 5, Issue 2, p. 36 –40
      • DOI:  10.1049/iet-nbt.2010.0022
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 36 –40 (5)
        The MgO nanoparticles are widely used in many fields. However, the toxicity of these nanoparticles to cells and organs remains fairly undiscovered. In this study, the cytotoxicity of MgO nanoparticles on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro was examined. The morphology and size of MgO nanoparticles were analysed by the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and nanoparticle size analyser. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2 h-tetrazolium bromide) assay, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining analysis, NO release and total antioxidation competence (T-AOC) assay were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of MgO nanoparticles. The results showed that most MgO nanoparticles were spherical with agglomerated state and the diameter of single particle was about 100 nm. Meanwhile, low concentration (below 200 µg/ml) of MgO nanoparticles suspension showed no cytotoxicity by MTT assay. However, once the concentration of MgO nanoparticles was higher than 500 µg/ml, the relative growth rate was lower than the control. The DAPI staining analysis results showed no significant difference of the cells morphology between the groups with or without MgO nanoparticles. In addition, the MgO nanoparticles significantly enhanced the NO release and T-AOC content of the HUVECs. The testing results indicated that low concentration of MgO nanoparticles exhibited non-cytotoxicity.
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      Adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells on multi-walled carbon nanotubes
      • Author(s): J. Holy ; E. Perkins ; X. Yu
      • Source: IET Nanobiotechnology, Volume 5, Issue 2, p. 41 –46
      • DOI:  10.1049/iet-nbt.2010.0014
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 41 –46 (6)
        This article studies the adhesion, growth and differentiation of stem cells on carbon nanotube matrices. Glass coverslips were coated with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) thin films using layer-by-layer self-assembling techniques. Pluripotent P19 mouse embryonal carcinoma stem cells were seeded onto uncoated or MWNT-coated glass coverslips and either maintained in an undifferentiated state or induced to differentiate by the addition of retinoic acid. The authors found that cell adhesion was increased on the MWNT-coated glass surfaces, and that the expression patterns of some differentiation markers were altered in cells grown on MWNTs. The results suggest that MWNTs will be useful in directing pluripotent stem cell differentiation for tissue engineering purposes.
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      Comparison of quantum-dots- and fluorescein-isothiocyanate-based technology for detecting prostate-specific antigen expression in human prostate cancer
      • Author(s): Y. Ruan ; W. Yu ; F. Cheng ; X. Zhang ; T. Rao ; Y. Xia ; S. Larré
      • Source: IET Nanobiotechnology, Volume 5, Issue 2, p. 47 –51
      • DOI:  10.1049/iet-nbt.2010.0016
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 47 –51 (5)
        Quantum dots (QDs) are a new class of fluorescent labelling for biological and biomedical applications. In this study, the authors evaluated the sensitivity and stability of quantum-dots-based immunolabelling, in comparison with the conventional fluorescein-isothiocyanate-based immunolabelling (FITC), for detecting prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression in human prostate cancer. The authors' data revealed that the two methods had similar sensitivity in differential display of the PSA expression correlated with tumour stage and grade (κ=0.88, p<0.001). Moreover, the intensity of QDs fluorescence remain stable for 10 days after conjugation to the PSA protein in 97% of the cases and more than 1 month in 92% of the cases, although the FITC fluorescence became undetectable after 6 min for all cases.
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      One-step synthesis of highly biocompatible multi-shaped gold nanostructures with fruit extract
      • Author(s): Y. Tai ; N.T.T. Tran ; Y.-C. Tsai ; J.-Y. Fang ; L.-W. Chang
      • Source: IET Nanobiotechnology, Volume 5, Issue 2, p. 52 –59
      • DOI:  10.1049/iet-nbt.2010.0028
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 52 –59 (8)
        In this study, the authors demonstrate the synthesis of various gold nanostructures through a one-step, green and complete bio-modulation approach. Nanoparticles were successfully synthesised by the addition of gold aqueous solution to fruit extracts, including orange, papaya, peach or lemon. The particles were of various shapes and sizes with high abundance, such as sphere, marigold, triangle and hexagon. The biocompatibility of the presented gold nanostructures was examined; haemolysis tests revealed a non-toxicity result in blood cell uptake of such gold nanostructures. This study opens the exciting possibility of synthesising various multi-shaped nanoparticles through a simple and green approach, as well as paving the way for future bio-applications.
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