Online ISSN
1751-9578
Print ISSN
1751-956X
IET Intelligent Transport Systems
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2007
Volumes & issues:
Volume 1, Issue 2
June 2007
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- Author(s): A. Stevens
- Source: IET Intelligent Transport Systems, Volume 1, Issue 2, page: 57 –57
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-its:20079014
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): A. Tuominen ; T. Järvi ; J. Räsänen ; A. Sirkiä ; V. Himanen
- Source: IET Intelligent Transport Systems, Volume 1, Issue 2, p. 59 –68
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-its:20060065
- Type: Article
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The ultimate purpose of the transport system is to serve the needs and expectations of the end users, who in turn shape the system by their own behaviour, actions and investments. This work examines, within the framework of the Large Technological Systems theory the possibility to categorise users of the transport system into homogeneous segments on the basis of their differences in daily mobility and transportation of goods. Furthermore, the potential to deepen this segmentation to describe the needs of, but later in the policy process also the social acceptance by, different user groups for new transport technology or policy, is examined. - Author(s): M. Beecroft ; M. McDonald ; T. Voge
- Source: IET Intelligent Transport Systems, Volume 1, Issue 2, p. 69 –74
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-its:20060064
- Type: Article
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Research undertaken by the Transportation Research Group at the University of Southampton, which examined the relationship between technological developments and user needs in relation to personal security in future domestic travel, is discussed. The project engaged recognised experts in these fields in workshop discussion and scenario planning. It was agreed that low-level, sub-criminal or anti-social behaviour was the key barrier to secure travel, whereas terrorism was a marginal issue. However, there was disagreement regarding solution development. The ITS community believed technology would deliver solutions (accepting there were secondary effects to be addressed). The user needs community had little faith in technology, seeing it as an inferior substitute for staff presence. Dialogue will be essential for technological solutions to be sufficiently focused so as to gain public support. Hearts and minds are not yet won, and for solutions to be robust, they must better address user needs. - Author(s): H. Westerheim ; B. Haugset ; M. Natvig
- Source: IET Intelligent Transport Systems, Volume 1, Issue 2, p. 75 –80
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-its:20060078
- Type: Article
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There is a political wish in Europe to switch more passenger and freight transport from the use of individual cars to public transport methods. Travel planners, consisting of both static and dynamic information, are considered to be a means for encouraging or supporting this shift. An approach to assess the need for information covering the universal design (UD) of terminals and an approach to collect this information are described. The motivation for these studies is the on-going work in Norway to establish a national terminal register that provides basic information for travel planners. The idea of ‘universal design’ is gaining more and more attention in Norway and it is quickly becoming a politically interesting goal to design and develop the transport services according to guidelines for UD. Terminal accessibility varies greatly. If a disabled person plans a journey, information covering accessibility of the terminals involved in the possible journey is important. However, this type of information is of interest to many other groups of travellers too, for example, people with a baby carriage or with a lot of luggage. The work was done in close cooperation with representatives of all different types of user groups. - Author(s): T. Vaa ; M. Penttinen ; I. Spyropoulou
- Source: IET Intelligent Transport Systems, Volume 1, Issue 2, p. 81 –88
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-its:20060081
- Type: Article
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The results from several reviews have been presented and the aspects of road safety associated with intelligent transport systems (ITS) applications have been addressed. The attempt is to make a state-of-the-art regarding effects on accidents by categorising systems according to levels of evaluations methods that have been applied. These categories are effects on behaviour, effects on accidents by proxy/surrogate methods, accident studies from real traffic, effects on accident types and finally by meta-analysis where weighted estimates of effects on accidents can be calculated. Thirty-three IT systems including driver assistance systems/advanced driver assistance systems, in-vehicle information systems, in-vehicle data-collection systems and road telematics have been listed. Effects based on meta-analysis are estimated for 11 systems, and single accident studies are found for an additional 2 systems. For the remaining 20 systems, no studies from real road traffic have been identified. Effects on accidents of antilocking brake systems and electronic stability control (ESC) are presented in more detail according to their effects on certain accident types. ESC appears to be very efficient in reducing the number of accidents. Behavioural adaptations to ITS are considered and discussed, especially in terms of compensation mechanisms. Four hypotheses regarding prediction of effects on accidents are stated according to whether systems increase or decrease ‘windows of opportunities’ by calling upon a driver behaviour model where emotions play a central role. - Author(s): M. Vollrath
- Source: IET Intelligent Transport Systems, Volume 1, Issue 2, p. 89 –94
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-its:20060052
- Type: Article
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Besides travel-related information (speedometer, tachometer, fuel gauge, and so on), driver-related information (navigation devices, telephone calls, email and so on) is now an increasing feature of modern-day driving. In order to process this information and still be able to drive safely at the same time, an information management system in the vehicle would seem to be necessary. Speech interfacing offers a good solution as verbal interactions use resources that are not needed when driving. However, in practice, experiments have shown that verbal interactions may distract the driver from the primary task. It is thus crucially important that verbal interactions are designed in such a way that the ‘driving’ task remains the focus of attention for the driver. - Author(s): S. Ammoun ; F. Nashashibi ; C. Laurgeau
- Source: IET Intelligent Transport Systems, Volume 1, Issue 2, p. 95 –101
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-its:20060076
- Type: Article
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Recent developments in inter-vehicle communications (IVC) focus on the conception of suitable hardware and communications protocols. We contribute to this effort by analysing the performance of IVC through a vehicular application approach. The study aims to measure the contribution of IVC in comparison with traditional safety sensors on an advanced driver assistance scheme (ADAS) system. We choose to study the risk assessment in crossroads approaching. The system is based on a standard 802.11 technology combined to a standard low-cost GPS receiver. The performance is analysed regarding the application showing the feasibility of the system and its integration on board our prototype LARA. - Author(s): M.K. Natvig and H. Westerheim
- Source: IET Intelligent Transport Systems, Volume 1, Issue 2, p. 102 –109
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-its:20060072
- Type: Article
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In Norway, the work on multimodal travel information services is based on ARKTRANS, the national framework architecture for multimodal intelligent transportation systems (ITS). ARKTRANS is harmonised across all transport modes, and arranges for services supporting all phases of door-to-door travel. The authors describe the process towards such services and how they are enabled by ARKTRANS. As a result of ARKTRANS, the experience gained in pilot projects providing new and improved travel information services can be transferred into generic knowledge and used in national, regional and local travel planners. Stakeholder involvement, use of existing solutions and the iterative evolution of services are described as well as the use of the architecture. - Author(s): Q.J. Xiang ; Y.F. Ma ; J. Lu ; J.P. Xie ; H.Y. Sha
- Source: IET Intelligent Transport Systems, Volume 1, Issue 2, p. 110 –116
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-its:20060075
- Type: Article
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Guidelines that were adopted for the implementation of the highway traveller information system (HTIS) in the Jiangsu province of China are presented. Framework design is discussed including HTIS architecture and functional requirements. The HTIS architecture levels, of which there are seven, are illustrated and the major functions of each logical level are discussed. Analysis is made of three topology patterns (centralised topology, distributed topology and hybrid topology) of the HTIS, and the topology framework based on hybrid topology is presented accordingly. Furthermore, the layout framework of the Jiangsu province HTIS with consideration of the freeway network and normal highway network. This layout framework establishes the foundation for further development of the Jiangsu province HTIS. - Author(s): M. Lu and K. Wevers
- Source: IET Intelligent Transport Systems, Volume 1, Issue 2, p. 117 –123
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-its:20060080
- Type: Article
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The authors examine the use of a one-variable first-order grey model (GM(1,1)), to model and forecast the trend of the level of cumulative traffic accident severity for strategic scenarios for implementation of driving assistance systems, physical infrastructure redesign and combinations of the two categories of measures. The accident severity levels (in terms of fatalities and hospitalisations) of five scenarios for the period 2003–2007 are analysed and modelled. In addition, the trend of fatalities and hospitalisations for each scenario for the years 2008 until 2010 is forecasted. For further policy evaluation, the costs of each scenario (for the years 2003–2010) are estimated. By using cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) the five scenarios for improving road traffic safety are compared. - Author(s): D. Gieseman and T.H. Maze
- Source: IET Intelligent Transport Systems, Volume 1, Issue 2, p. 124 –130
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-its:20060057
- Type: Article
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This research presents a simple-to-use simulation model developed to simulate, at the planning level, the activities that occur at a typical roadside weight and safety screening station. The parameters can be modified by the user to simulate a facility with different dimensions and parameters (e.g. longer ramps, more safety inspection bays, a higher rate of vehicle being selected for safety inspection, more or less vehicle failing weight screening at the weigh-in-motion or static scales). The inputs and data requirements for the model are relatively minor and appropriate for planning level analysis. - Author(s): N.B. Hounsell ; B.P. Shrestha ; F.N. McLeod ; S. Palmer ; T. Bowen ; J.R. Head
- Source: IET Intelligent Transport Systems, Volume 1, Issue 2, p. 131 –137
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-its:20060059
- Type: Article
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131
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London's bus network is one of the largest and most comprehensive urban transport systems in the world. The contribution of buses is recognised by implementing a series of initiatives including bus priority at traffic signals. London has a long history of the implementation of bus priority at traffic signals. It has kept pace with the development of new technologies by updating its bus priority system. Now, London is moving towards a bus management system based on global positioning system (GPS), which will also be used to provide bus priority at traffic signals. The authors describe theoretical work carried out by TRG on behalf of Transport for London Bus Priority Team to tackle the challenge posed by locational error associated with GPS where a traffic signal is close to a bus stop. - Author(s): A.M. Khan
- Source: IET Intelligent Transport Systems, Volume 1, Issue 2, p. 138 –143
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-its:20060086
- Type: Article
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Accident avoidance is a very important part of enhancing road safety. The development of a queue-end warning system for highway work zones which automatically predicts queue-end location and alerts drivers so that rear-end collisions can be avoided has been described. In the absence of the widespread use of in-vehicle collision warning devices, dynamic messages about queue-end, displayed on portable variable message sign (PVMS) boards, are necessary for improving road safety. Although queues at selected locations along the road can be detected by the simple use of sensors, the changing nature of queue length would require numerous sensors to find the end of traffic queue. The reported queue-end warning system is based on a combination of sensors for detecting traffic and an artificial neural network (ANN) model-based algorithm for predicting queue-end location and issuing warning messages displayed on PVMS. Following the characterisation of work zones in terms of functional areas and geometrics, a microsimulator was calibrated and validated. Simulations were carried out next with traffic sensors and queue counter looped-in and the resulting data were used for training and validation of ANN models for queue length prediction. An automated information system was synthesised that integrates traffic sensors, ANN models, PVMS and potential links with other media. Selected results of ANN models illustrate their application in the queue-end warning system. - Author(s): P. Zheng and M. McDonald
- Source: IET Intelligent Transport Systems, Volume 1, Issue 2, p. 144 –149
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-its:20060082
- Type: Article
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An optimal traffic data archive scheme where the maximum information of the original data can be preserved using less storage space has been described. Compared with traditional equal-width methods where compact data are obtained by aggregating source data at fixed intervals, the optimal scheme uses varying intervals to aggregate data at different levels based on the variations within the source data. The resultant scheme is optimal in terms of information conservation, that is, the errors between the source data and the optimal compact data are the smallest. Operational traffic data have been used to test three proposed optimisation schemes: single-variable, multi-variable and heuristic schemes. It was found that, compared with traditional equal-width schemes, the size of the archived data can be reduced by six times if the single-variable optimisation scheme, or by three times if the multi-variable optimisation scheme is employed. The heuristic scheme using a combination of single-variable and multi-variable optimisations can then reduce storage space by three to six times. - Author(s): S. Wybo ; R. Bendahan ; S. Bougnoux ; C. Vestri ; F. Abad ; T. Kakinami
- Source: IET Intelligent Transport Systems, Volume 1, Issue 2, p. 150 –158
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-its:20060060
- Type: Article
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Every year, backing-up crashes are responsible for hundreds of casualties in the world. In order to reduce this number, many automotive suppliers now provide ways for drivers to monitor the rear of their vehicle using sonar - or radar-based systems or wide angle cameras. Yet these systems still do not offer the performance required to consequently reduce the number of fatalities. To overcome the limitations of these systems, we have developed a real-time static obstacle detection system using a wide angle camera. We now propose to add moving obstacle detection and localisation to our camera-based system. Such system is the perfect candidate for next generation of automatic anti-collision systems. Our approach is based on camera movement compensation using inverse perspective mapping and probabilistic reasoning for movement detection. Using shape filtering, our approach can even limit detection to specific types of moving objects (pedestrians, cars etc.). We present the algorithms developed and the evaluation protocol used. We also show results of the system in typical urban situations, some in hard conditions (worst cases), and conclude on which future developments will bring performance improvements. - Author(s): K. Park ; M. Bell ; I. Kaparias ; K. Bogenberger
- Source: IET Intelligent Transport Systems, Volume 1, Issue 2, p. 159 –166
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-its:20060074
- Type: Article
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As the use of navigation systems becomes more widespread, the demand for advanced functions of navigation systems also increases. In the light of user satisfaction, personalisation of route guidance by incorporating user preferences is one of the most desired features. A user model applied to personalised route guidance is presented. The user model adaptively updates route selection rules when it discovers the predicted choice differs from the actual choice of the driver. This study employs a decision tree learning algorithm, the C4.5 algorithm, which has advantages over other data mining methods in terms of its comprehensible model structure. Simulation experiments with a real-world network were conducted to analyse the applicability of the model to adaptive route guidance and the accuracy of its prediction. - Author(s): A. Renfrew ; A. González-Villaseñor ; P. Brunn
- Source: IET Intelligent Transport Systems, Volume 1, Issue 2, p. 167 –175
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-its:20060054
- Type: Article
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Automated Highway Systems (AHS) are under development to address congestion, inefficient energy use and inadequate safety margins. As more intelligence is applied to highway and vehicles, the system increasingly relies on secure communications and control, with potentially hazardous consequences in the event of technical failure. The authors propose an active, intelligently controlled extended fender which permits vehicles to operate in lengthy, stable platoons in direct but ‘soft’ contact, allowing fault support for an AHS. Simulation studies have indicated that stable operation may be retained with only a simple ‘leader’ broadcast signal and that good longitudinal ride quality is also retained, providing results similar to the fully co-operative system. The device also provides potential for additional safety in the event of a collision and for selective power reduction for a co-operative system at steady speed.
Editorial: Selected papers from the 13th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems and Services
Common preferences of different user segments as basis for intelligent transport system: case study – Finland
Achieving personal security in future domestic travel: technology and user needs
Developing a unified set of information covering accessibility at public transport terminals
Intelligent transport systems and effects on road traffic accidents: state of the art
Speech and driving – solution or problem?
Crossroads risk assessment using GPS and inter-vehicle communications
National multimodal travel information – a strategy based on stakeholder involvement and intelligent transportation system architecture
Framework design of highway traveller information system of Jiangsu province in China
Forecasting and evaluation of traffic safety impacts: driving assistance systems against road infrastructure measures
Evaluating capacity and delay given the implementation of ITS technology at truck weight and safety inspection stations
Using global positioning system for bus priority in London: traffic signals close to bus stops
Intelligent infrastructure-based queue-end warning system for avoiding rear impacts
Optimal traffic data archive scheme
Improving backing-up manoeuvre safety with vision-based movement detection
Learning user preferences of route choice behaviour for adaptive route guidance
Contact bridging dampers for back-up on automated highways
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