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Online ISSN 1751-8695 Print ISSN 1751-8687

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution

Volume 3, Issue 11, November 2009

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Volume 3, Issue 11

November 2009

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    • Contracts for recovery of investments in transmission assets
      • Author(s): P.F. Correia ; J. Contreras ; R.C. Garcia ; J.I. Muñoz
      • Source: IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Volume 3, Issue 11, p. 971 –979
      • DOI:  10.1049/iet-gtd.2008.0423
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 971 –979 (9)
        The need for investment in the improvement and expansion of the electric transmission grid has not been properly met in the new competitive environment. Investment in transmission assets poses demanding challenges: multiplicity of players, market imperfections, among others. The integration of financial instruments poses also an additional level of complication, because investors wish to ensure steady long-term returns and to withstand short-term market volatility. The integration of financial instruments poses also an additional level of complication, because investors wish to ensure steady long-term returns and to withstand short-term market volatility. This study presents a specific contract model based on financial transmission rights (FTR) for valuation of transmission assets, where the stochastic properties of all the variables related to the market structure in which the investment happens are taken into account. The model is applied to the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system showing the approach capabilities as a decision-aid tool for transmission investors.
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      Short-term forecasting of electricity prices in the Colombian electricity market
      • Author(s): F. Lira ; C. Muñoz ; F. Núñez ; A. Cipriano
      • Source: IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Volume 3, Issue 11, p. 980 –986
      • DOI:  10.1049/iet-gtd.2009.0218
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 980 –986 (7)
        The restructuring of the electricity-generating industry from protected monopoly to an open competitive market has presented producers with a problem scheduling generation: finding the optimal bidding strategy to maximise their profits. In order to solve this scheduling problem, a reliable system capable of forecasting electricity prices is needed. This work evaluates the forecasting capabilities of several modelling techniques for the next-day-prices forecasting problem in the Colombian market, measured in USD/MWh. The models include exogenous variables such as reservoir levels and load demand. Results show that a segmentation of the prices into three intervals, based on load demand behaviour, contribute to an important standard deviation reduction. Regarding the models under analysis, Takagi–Sugeno–Kang models and ARMAX models identified by means of a Kalman filter perform the best forecasting, with an error rate below 6%.
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      Determination methodology for optimising the energy storage size for power system
      • Author(s): S. Chakraborty ; T. Senjyu ; H. Toyama ; A.Y. Saber ; T. Funabashi
      • Source: IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Volume 3, Issue 11, p. 987 –999
      • DOI:  10.1049/iet-gtd.2008.0300
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 987 –999 (13)
        A methodology for determining the optimal size of energy storage system (ESS) integrated with thermal power system is presented in this study. The optimal size is characterised by the rated stored energy and the maximum power rating of installed ESS for which the power system can achieve maximum revenue. Therefore the ESS cost formulation is conducted by analysing economic cost benefit measures considering life cycle of ESS. Since unit commitment (UC) scheduling is an important and integral part of power system cost optimisation, this study considers the operating schedule of thermal units (TU) while resolving ESS schedule. This proposed method uses tabu search (TS)-based evolutionary technique for solving this optimisation problem. TS is included in this algorithm to avoid re-evaluation of already evaluated ESS size which is powered by max priority heap and hash table data structure. The weekly schedule period is considered instead of daily to achieve more precise results. The proposed method is applied in two different power systems to determine the appropriate size of to be installed ESS. Experimental results reported that establishing the proposed method is an effective one to compute the optimal size of ESS for different sized power systems.
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      Relative electrical distance concept for evaluation of network reactive power and loss contributions in a deregulated system
      • Author(s): D. Thukaram  and  C. Vyjayanthi
      • Source: IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Volume 3, Issue 11, p. 1000 –1019
      • DOI:  10.1049/iet-gtd.2009.0154
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 1000 –1019 (20)
        With the liberalisation of electricity market it has become very important to determine the participants making use of the transmission network. Transmission line usage computation requires information of generator to load contributions and the path used by various generators to meet loads and losses. In this study relative electrical distance (RED) concept is used to compute reactive power contributions from various sources like generators, switchable volt-amperes reactive (VAR) sources and line charging susceptances that are scattered throughout the network, to meet the system demands. The transmission line charge susceptances contribution to the system reactive flows and its aid extended in reducing the reactive generation at the generator buses are discussed in this paper. Reactive power transmission cost evaluation is carried out in this study. The proposed approach is also compared with other approaches viz., proportional sharing and modified Y-bus. Detailed case studies with base case and optimised results are carried out on a sample 8-bus system. IEEE 39-bus system and a practical 72-bus system, an equivalent of Indian Southern grid are also considered for illustration and results are discussed.
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      Interior point methods application in optimum operational scheduling of electric power systems
      • Author(s): I.A. Farhat  and  M.E. El-Hawary
      • Source: IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Volume 3, Issue 11, p. 1020 –1029
      • DOI:  10.1049/iet-gtd.2008.0573
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 1020 –1029 (10)
        The topic of interior point (IP) methods has been one of the most active research areas since it was rediscovered by Karmarkar in 1984. A variety of IP algorithms have been applied to many areas of power systems optimisation. This study presents a survey of literature on the application of IP methods to planning and operation of power systems. A review of research papers that have been published since 1994 in three major power system optimisation problems is presented. The problems are economic dispatch, unit commitment and hydrothermal coordination.
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