IET Electrical Systems in Transportation
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2016
Volumes & issues:
Volume 6, Issue 1
March 2016
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- Author(s): Paulo Pereirinha ; Christophe Espanet ; Minh C. Ta ; João Pedro F. Trovão
- Source: IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, Volume 6, Issue 1, p. 1 –2
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-est.2016.0006
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): Neigel Marx ; David Camilo Toquica Cárdenas ; Loïc Boulon ; Frédéric Gustin ; Daniel Hissel
- Source: IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, Volume 6, Issue 1, p. 3 –11
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-est.2015.0012
- Type: Article
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Multi-stack fuel cell (MFC) systems provide higher performances and reliability than single-stack fuel cell systems through higher flexibility. The aim of this study is to investigate the degraded mode operation of MFC systems upon the loss of one of its stack. The different power allocation strategies impact the behaviour of the MFC system. Fuel consumption results obtained through simulation using a driving cycle acquired on a test vehicle are used to compare the chosen allocation strategies. The simulations have been conducted in a Matlab–Simulink environment. The results show that with a simple reconfiguration of the system the multi-stack system can still complete the driving cycle. The fuel consumption results during normal and degraded mode operation are compared and show acceptable efficiency loss during degraded mode operation.
- Author(s): Martin Stempfle ; Steffen Bintz ; Julian Wölfle ; Jörg Roth-Stielow
- Source: IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, Volume 6, Issue 1, p. 12 –19
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-est.2015.0010
- Type: Article
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Z-source inverter (ZSI) combines the electrical function of a DC/DC converter and a three-phase inverter. This study deals with a three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) ZSI which brings an additional electrical potential. The benefit is the lower output current ripple of each phase. Due to the non-linear behaviour of the Z-source control path, designing an accurate and especially a dynamic control can be challenging. This study presents a design of an adaptive control for a three-level NPC ZSI to fulfil the previously mentioned goals. The correct functionality of the control system is underlined with measurements at different operating points. A possible application field for three-level ZSIs are hybrid and electric vehicles.
- Author(s): Ali Castaings ; Walter Lhomme ; Rochdi Trigui ; Alain Bouscayrol
- Source: IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, Volume 6, Issue 1, p. 20 –26
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-est.2015.0011
- Type: Article
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A hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicle using supercapacitors and a battery is studied. Using energetic macroscopic representation formalism, an inversion-based control (IBC) can be deduced. A comparison between IBC and two other control schemes is performed within a practical aspect. Simulation and experimental tests with a reduced-scale test bed are provided using a real driving cycle of an electric car. The results point out a more effective behaviour for the IBC than the other control schemes in terms of dynamical response.
- Author(s): Reinbold Vincent ; Vinot Emmanuel ; Garbuio Lauric ; Gerbaud Laurent
- Source: IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, Volume 6, Issue 1, p. 27 –33
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-est.2015.0008
- Type: Article
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Numerous researches about hybrid electrical vehicles (HEVs) deal with topologies, technologies, sizing and control. These aspects allow reducing transportation costs and environmental impacts. This study focuses on the sizing of the electrical machine (EM) of the HEV, taking into account its surroundings: the hybrid system, the driving cycle and an optimal energy management. In this study, the parallel HEV is the study case. In a classical HEV design process, a scaling factor is usually applied on an efficiency map model to fix the standard power of the EM. The efficiency and the maximum torque power are scaled using a linear dependency on the rated maximum power. However, this method has some disadvantages. This study proposes two formulations of a scaling model based on a magnetic circuit model (MCM) with one or ten parameters. Then, the MCM is involved in a multi-objective optimisation process of the HEV. This process is a global sizing process using dynamic programming as an optimal energy management. Optimal sizings of the hybrid vehicle are then proposed for various driving conditions.
- Author(s): Susanne Lehner ; Thorsten Baumhöfer ; Dirk Uwe Sauer
- Source: IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, Volume 6, Issue 1, p. 34 –40
- DOI: 10.1049/iet-est.2015.0007
- Type: Article
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Special section ‘Energy storage and electric power sub-systems for advanced vehicles’: Nowadays automotive battery systems consist of a vast number of lithium (Li)-ion cells in a serial connection. Next to the operation strategy especially disparities in the performance parameters of the cells at their initial states and during lifetime have therefore a huge influence on the overall system performance and its lifetime. Opposing that fact the disparity of cells due to production process and different boundary conditions is mostly neglected in system design. The cells are rather considered as even according to parameterisation measurements carried out and lifetime experiments of only a few cells per test condition. This study will show that the diversification of the cells has to be taken into account during system layout and packaging in order to optimise the lifetime and performance on system level. Moreover, the impact of the operation strategy on ageing is analysed more in detail and guidelines are given. In these analyses, the study is based on elaborate laboratory experiments with a high number of Li-ion automotive cells.
Guest Editorial
Special Issue based on “Energy Storage and Electric power Sub-Systems for Advanced Vehicles”
For Invited Papers of IEEE-VPPC 2014Degraded mode operation of multi-stack fuel cell systems
Adaptive closed-loop state control system for a three-level neutral-point-clamped Z-source inverter
Practical control schemes of a battery/supercapacitor system for electric vehicle
Optimal sizing of an electrical machine using a magnetic circuit model: application to a hybrid electrical vehicle
Disparity in initial and lifetime parameters of lithium-ion cells
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