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Online ISSN 2042-9746 Print ISSN 2042-9738

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation

Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2012

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Volume 2, Issue 2

June 2012

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    • Fuzzy multi-objective control strategy for parallel hybrid electric vehicle
      • Author(s): Y. Zhang  and  H.-P. Liu
      • Source: IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 39 –50
      • DOI:  10.1049/iet-est.2011.0041
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 39 –50 (12)
        This study presents a design method of an energy control strategy for parallel hybrid electric vehicles by using fuzzy multi-objective optimisation. By converting the electric energy consumed by the electric motor into an equivalent fuel consumption, the overall vehicle fuel economy and the corresponding emissions could be treated as the optimisation objectives. Then a minimum average weighted deviation method is proposed and intends to find the Pareto optimal solution, considering that its flexibility could content the variations in emission requirement in different districts. The simulation results reveal that, compared with the conventional rule-based control strategy and fuzzy logical control strategy, the proposed fuzzy multi-objective control strategy not only improves fuel economy and emission level but also maintains the battery state of charge within its operation range effectively.
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      Study on a doubly-fed flywheel machine-based driveline with an AC/DC/AC converter
      • Author(s): J. Goncalves de Oliveira ; H. Schettino ; V. Gama ; R. Carvalho ; H. Bernhoff
      • Source: IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 51 –57
      • DOI:  10.1049/iet-est.2011.0040
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 51 –57 (7)
        The combination of a flywheel device with a battery source has several advantages, such as high-peak power capacity, high energy density and reduction in the number of charging/discharging cycles in the battery. The flywheel system investigated here uses a double-wound flywheel motor/generator to divide the system into two different voltage/power levels. An AC/DC/AC converter is used to connect the high-power windings of the flywheel machine to the traction motor. The control strategy of the AC/DC/AC converter is discussed. The simulations of the complete system are carried out using Simulink and are compared with the experimental results, obtained from a scaled experimental test set-up. Simulations and experimental results show good agreement, where the designed controllers have managed to keep the different controlled signals almost equal to their reference values. Unity power factor and low distortion has been obtained in the flywheel voltage and current. The average efficiency of the driveline during a simple drive cycle has been obtained, being approximately 87%. A theoretical calculation, based on the real parameters of the system, was made, and it showed good agreement with the simulation and experimental results.
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      Dynamic modelling and characterisation of vehicular power system considering alternator iron core and rectifier losses
      • Author(s): S. Chiniforoosh ; A. Davoudi ; P. Alaeinovin ; J. Jatskevich
      • Source: IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 58 –67
      • DOI:  10.1049/iet-est.2011.0031
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 58 –67 (10)
        Modelling and simulation of automotive electrical power systems is indispensable. For the purpose of system-level large-signal transient studies and small-signal frequency-domain analysis, the very fast switching transients can be neglected resulting in computationally efficient average-value modelling. Although most existing/traditional models do not consider the machine and rectifier losses, the analytical derivation of average-value models for a wide range of operating conditions and taking the systems’ losses into account is very challenging. This study extends the recently developed parametric approach and presents a new dynamic average modelling and accelerated characterisation of the most common type of automotive power systems including claw-pole alternator, rectifier and energy-storage subsystems. Such alternator/rectifier systems are particularly known to have significant losses and are difficult to represent using conventional models that are available in the literature. The new model takes into account the rectifier conduction losses as well as the rotational and core losses of the alternator, while avoiding laborious analytical derivations and crude approximations. The final model is verified against the experimental results and a detailed switch-level implementation of the system in time and frequency domains. Very significant computational gains and excellent accuracy of the new model are demonstrated.
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      Analysis and minimisation of DC bus surge voltage for electric vehicle applications
      • Author(s): H. Wen ; W. Xiao ; H. Li ; X. Wen
      • Source: IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 68 –76
      • DOI:  10.1049/iet-est.2011.0035
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 68 –76 (9)
        In electrical vehicle driving systems, the DC bus usually shows large surge voltages because of the presence of loop parasitic inductance and hard-switching operations of voltage source inverters. The unexpected transient overvoltage mostly accounts for switching devices failures. To guarantee system reliability, high-voltage-rating insulated-gate-bipolar-transistors (IGBTs) are commonly used in practical systems to accommodate potential surge voltages. This eventually results in the increase of power loss and system cost. A comprehensive study is presented in this study to minimise the surge voltage across the DC bus. It starts with a surge voltage model indicating that the commutation loop inductances and the switching dynamics are two critical contributors to voltage spikes. An optimal design approach to lower the stray inductance of the connecting busbar is presented. Considering the characteristics of electric vehicle (EV) inverters controlled by space vector modulation, a slew-rate limiter strategy is proposed to minimise the surge voltage. The low inductance busbar design and control strategy are validated by simulation and experimental test.
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      Self-regulating particle swarm optimised controller for (photovoltaic–fuel cell) battery charging of hybrid electric vehicles
      • Author(s): A.A.A. Elgammal  and  A.M. Sharaf
      • Source: IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, Volume 2, Issue 2, p. 77 –89
      • DOI:  10.1049/iet-est.2011.0021
      • Type: Article
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      • p. 77 –89 (13)
        This study presents the use of hybrid photovoltaic–fuel cell (PV–FC) renewable energy scheme for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) battery-charging stations. The hybrid PV–FC DC interface scheme is dynamically controlled using a self-regulating tri-loop controller based on multi-objective particle swarm optimisation. The proposed utilisation scheme ensures efficient DC source energy utilisation from the hybrid PV–FC DC with minimal DC current inrush conditions and a fully stabilised DC bus voltage. The multi-loop battery-charging regulator allows for hybrid (voltage, current and power) charging modes for efficient, fast charging and DC energy efficient utilisation. The proposed hybrid renewable green energy PV–FC battery-charging scheme is fully validated by simulation and laboratory prototype testing.
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