Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 9, Issue 8-9, 3 May 1973
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Volume 9, Issue 8
3 May 1973
New form of electro-optic deflector
- Author(s): S. Wright and M.G.F. Wilson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 8, p. 169 –170
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730125
- Type: Article
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p.
169
–170
(2)
An electro-optic modulator has been reported which modulates by diffraction into many higher orders. A technique is described for directing most of the beam power into a single higher order, for multiport switching applications. Experimental results agree well with prediction. The form of the modulator lends itself to inclusion in thin-film optical circuits.
Temperature-dependent design parameters of TRAPATT diodes
- Author(s): P.K. Chaturvedi and W.S. Khokle
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 8, p. 170 –171
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730126
- Type: Article
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p.
170
–171
(2)
The temperature-dependent design parameters of a TRAPATT diode are presented, and are obtained from the temperature-dependent device equations. It is shown that the design parameters change rapidly with temperature.
A-law pulse-code modulation by a delta-modulation technique
- Author(s): H. Pennington and R. Steele
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 8, p. 171 –173
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730127
- Type: Article
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p.
171
–173
(3)
An A-law pulse-code-modulation coder is described which is composed of a delta modulator and an adaptive binary counter. The coder has a clock rate of 2.048 Mbit/s and has been conceived for the 30/32-channel system.
High-power high-efficiency operation of read-type IMPATT-diode oscillators
- Author(s): C. Kim ; R. Steele ; R. Bierig
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 8, p. 173 –174
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730128
- Type: Article
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p.
173
–174
(2)
C.W. operation of GaAs Schottky-barrier Read-type IMPATT-diode oscillators is reported. These devices exhibited efficiences from 20 to 24% with output powers of 2 ∼ 3 W c.w. in the Ku-band. The best efficiency was 24%, with an output power of 1.8 W c.w., while the maximum output power was 3.2 W c.w., with an efficiency of 20.7% at frequencies near 14 GHz.
Influence of heavy doping effects on the fT prediction of transistors
- Author(s): H. de Man ; R. Mertens ; R. van Overstraeten
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 8, p. 174 –176
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730129
- Type: Article
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p.
174
–176
(3)
The gain–bandwidth product fT of a bipolar transistor is calculated, taking the heavy doping effect in the emitter into account. This effect reduces fT, owing to a larger charge storage in the emitter neutral region and a decrease of the built-in voltage of the emitter-base depletion capacitance.
Deadbeat state reconstruction of linear multivariable discrete-time systems
- Author(s): B. Porter
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 8, p. 176 –177
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730130
- Type: Article
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p.
176
–177
(2)
A simple method for the design of observers which effect the deadbeat state reconstruction of a class of linear multivariable discrete-time systems is presented.
Adaptive Kalman filtering using stochastic approximation
- Author(s): Naresh K. Sinha
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 8, p. 177 –178
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730131
- Type: Article
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p.
177
–178
(2)
A Kalman filter requires an exact knowledge of the noise covariance matrices to determine the optimal gain Kop for the filtering equations. In the absence of such prior information, an adaptive technique must be used. An approach based on stochastic approximation is presented. The steady-state gain is obtained by using a recursive algorithm that satisfies the innovations theorem.
Simple TRAPATT circuit model
- Author(s): S.G. Allen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 8, p. 178 –180
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730132
- Type: Article
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p.
178
–180
(3)
It is shown that, by choosing the diode depletion capacitance and characteristic impedance of the transmission line to conform to a Gaussian-lowpass-filter model, it is possible to determine suitable diode package parameters for TRAPATT operation at various frequencies.
Use of tachometric feedback in nonlinear systems
- Author(s): R. Walk and J. Rootenberg
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 8, p. 180 –181
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730133
- Type: Article
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p.
180
–181
(2)
The use of tachometric feedback in nonlinear systems is considered. It is shown that an application of the Popov theorem can be used to select the rate parameter to stabilise a system or maximise the stability sector.
Depolarisation with Cassegrainian and front-fed reflectors
- Author(s): P.J. Wood
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 8, p. 181 –183
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730134
- Type: Article
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p.
181
–183
(3)
Recent polarisation-diversity applications have stimulated interest in the crosspolar performance of reflector antennas. Depolarisation effects in front-fed, hyperbola/parabola and shaped-profile Cassegrainian reflectors are compared. Under certain conditions, a front-fed design is found to have superior polarisation properties.
Double-drift millimetre-wave IMPATT diodes prepared by epitaxial growth
- Author(s): B.E. Watts ; A.M. Howard ; G. Gibbons
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 8, p. 183 –184
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730135
- Type: Article
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p.
183
–184
(2)
The preparation of silicon double-drift millimetre-wave IMPATT diodes by the epitaxial growth of n- and p-type layers successively on n-type substrates is described. Carrier-concentration profiles comparable with those reported for double layers formed by ion implantation are obtained; a microwave output power of 560 mW with 11% efficiency has been achieved at 48 GHz.
Fitting of measured data to a known relationship
- Author(s): Brian Bramer and A.R. Banerjee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 8, p. 184 –186
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730136
- Type: Article
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p.
184
–186
(3)
A computer program is described which calculates the ‘constants’ of a known relationship between two variables. Measured values of the variables are supplied and up to four ‘constants’ may be evaluated if their approximate values are known.
Simple derivation of Chen's multiple-node removal algorithm
- Author(s): C. Acar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 8, p. 186 –187
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730137
- Type: Article
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p.
186
–187
(2)
A new and simple derivation of Chen's multiple-node removal algorithm is given, starting from signal-flowgraph equations and using only Mason's gain formula.
Slant-path microwave radio propagation through distorted raindrops
- Author(s): M. Arbabi and P.A. Watson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 8, p. 187 –188
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730138
- Type: Article
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p.
187
–188
(2)
Attenuation and phase coefficients are evaluated for microwave radio propagation through oblate spheroidal raindrops on slant radio paths. From these coefficients, it is evident that the resultant crosspolarisation for linearly or circularly polarised waves should be significantly less on satellite radio paths than on horizontal radio paths.
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