Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 9, Issue 19, 20 September 1973
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Volume 9, Issue 19
20 September 1973
Leaky rays cause failure of geometric optics on optical fibres
- Author(s): A.W. Snyder and D.J. Mitchell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 19, p. 437 –438
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730319
- Type: Article
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p.
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–438
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Many of the rays on circular optical fibres that are predicted from geometric optics to be trapped by total internal reflection are, in fact, leaky. Thus geometric optics fails for long fibres. The letter presents a concise analytic expression for the loss of all weakly attenuating rays. The method is simple, and applicable to a large class of problems. The results provide a unifying theory of light transmission within fibres, representing a generalisation of Fresnel's and Snell's laws.
Derivation of diffraction coefficients for a thin wire of finite length
- Author(s): L. Solymar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 19, p. 438 –440
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730320
- Type: Article
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p.
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–440
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The scattering from a thin wire of halflength H is described by a simple ray theory. The diffraction coefficients are determined by comparing the expression obtained by the ray approach with a simplified formula derived by one of the classical field approaches. An unusual property of the diffraction coefficients derived is that they depend on a nonlocal property of the diffracting object, namely on the length of the wire.
Moiré effects in professional videotape recorders
- Author(s): M.O. Felix
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 19, p. 440 –441
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730321
- Type: Article
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440
–441
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Moiré effects in videotape recorders arise from two sources, one avoidable and one inherent to the f.m. systems used. Recent articles list a much higher level of avoidable moiré than should be present in a well adjusted machine.
Reliability estimation for probabilistic switching circuits
- Author(s): K.K. Aggarwal
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 19, p. 441 –442
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730322
- Type: Article
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–442
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A simple technique for the reliability estimation of switching circuits is developed. A Table is prepared for reliability expressions of basic logic modules. These expressions are then used for the reliability evaluation of complex switching circuits.
Complete photon conversion in backward-travelling-wave parametric amplification and oscillation
- Author(s): Hsiung Hsu and Chung Yu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 19, p. 442 –444
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730323
- Type: Article
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–444
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The condition of complete photon conversion is analysed. It is shown that complete conversion of the pump at finite pump excitation is impossible in forward-travelling-wave signal amplification, but possible in backward-travelling-wave signal amplification.
Increasing the locking bandwidth of a waveguide-cavity oscillator through the use of a double-tuned circuit
- Author(s): F. Ivanek
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 19, p. 444 –445
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730324
- Type: Article
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p.
444
–445
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The experimental 6 GHz Gunn oscillator consists of a TE101 waveguide cavity and a coupling slot, both being mechanically tunable in frequency. Fractional-bandwidth–voltage-gain products of approximately 0.2, corresponding to Qext = 10, were obtained. Comparison is made with other broadband injection-locked solid-state oscillators.
Capacitively tuned dipole
- Author(s): D. Lamensdorf
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 19, p. 445 –446
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730325
- Type: Article
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445
–446
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Capacitive tuning of a dipole of almost any electrical length is demonstrated with an antenna configuration that is similar to the folded dipole. If variable-capacitance diodes are substituted for the capacitors, tuning over a very wide band of frequencies is possible.
Use of cancellation techniques in the measurement of atmospheric crosspolarisation
- Author(s): B.G. Evans and P.T. Thompson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 19, p. 447 –448
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730326
- Type: Article
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–448
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Some of the errors implicit in atmospheric crosspolarisation-measurement systems are given, together with their limitations on the accuracy of the resultant measurements. A cancellation technique is described that allows the ‘clear-weather’ performance of measurement links to be considerably improved. The limitations due to rainfall of such a cancellation system on the accuracy of crosspolarisation measurements are investigated, and the system is shown to be preferable to a conventional one.
New definitions for loudness ratings
- Author(s): D.L. Richards
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 19, p. 448 –450
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730327
- Type: Article
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–450
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The results, now available, of new tests by the CCITT Laboratory are used to examine some of the consequences of adopting proposals for new definitions for loudness ratings.
Comment on ‘Use of synchronised dither in pseudorandom-sequence testing’
- Author(s): K.R. Godfrey and J.L. Douce
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 19, p. 450 –451
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730328
- Type: Article
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–451
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Quartz oscillator in complementary m.o.s. technology
- Author(s): P. Tourki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 19, p. 451 –453
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730329
- Type: Article
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451
–453
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A short mathematical method is developed to obtain the drain–source current expression at low voltage of an m.o.s. transistor, and therefore the gain of a complementary m.o.s. invertor. Input/output transfer characteristics are compared with computed theoretical results. A variant of the c.m.o.s. invertor, the passive-charge invertor, gives the best results for supply voltage. Another variant, the mixed-charge invertor, is the most advantageous from the point of view of frequency change with temperature and supply voltage.
Improved tolerance in optical directional couplers
- Author(s): M.G.F. Wilson and G.A. Teh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 19, p. 453 –455
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730330
- Type: Article
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Tolerance requirements in conventional synchronous-mode directional couplers are examined. It is proposed that the tolerance situation can be improved considerably by tapering one, or both, of the propagation coefficients, so that they intersect at one position. This model is examined numerically, and suggestions are made for the practical realisation of a device.
Effect of recombination time on efficiency and frequency of operation in GaAs TRAPATT devices
- Author(s): P.E. Bauhahn and G.I. Haddad
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 19, page: 455 –455
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730331
- Type: Article
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The effect of carrier-recombination lifetimes on the performance of GaAs TRAPATT devices has been determined by a numerical simulation, and the results are presented.
Frequency-to-time-domain sensitivity matrix
- Author(s): P.R. Adby and J.R. Baxter
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 19, p. 455 –457
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730332
- Type: Article
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455
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Investigation of equivalent tolerance fields in frequency and time domains is necessary when neither a circuit nor its transfer function is available. This letter gives a method for the efficient determination of a frequency-to-time-domain sensitivity matrix, based on the Fourier transform. The effects of tolerance-field specifications and other errors on frequency and impulse responses may now be investigated before approximation or circuit design commences.
V groove m.o.s. transistor technology
- Author(s): F.E. Holmes and C.A.T. Salama
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 19, p. 457 –458
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730333
- Type: Article
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–458
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An m.o.s. transistor structure in which the channel is defined by preferential etching of the silicon is described. The fabrication technology involves either a 3- or 4-mask process, and results in very-short-channel devices, using noncritical alignment tolerances. Experimental results obtained on the fabricated devices are presented, and possible uses of the technology are described.
Cellular dynamic memory array with reduced data-access time
- Author(s): W. Kluge
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 19, p. 458 –460
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730334
- Type: Article
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p.
458
–460
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The letter proposes the implementation of a data shuffle into dynamic memories that features a cellular memory structure, and yields an average data-access time that is proportional to the square root of the memory size.
Comparison of the hot electron-diffusion rates for GaAs and InP
- Author(s): P.E. Bauhahn ; G.I. Haddad ; N.A. Masnari
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 19, p. 460 –461
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730335
- Type: Article
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p.
460
–461
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The diffusion coefficients, parallel and transverse to the electric field, have been computed at 300 and 500 K for GaAs, and at 500 K for InP, by a Monte-Carlo method, and the results are presented.
Short-term frequency stability of an L band oscillator with a superconducting cavity
- Author(s): D.L.H. Blomfield and A.J. Pointon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 19, p. 461 –462
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730336
- Type: Article
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461
–462
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An L band oscillator with a superconducting cavity is described, and the measurement of the oscillator's short-term frequency stability is presented. The sideband power density is −120 dB/Hz relative to the carrier at modulation frequencies greater than 1 kHz from the carrier.
Channel-dropping coupled-line filter
- Author(s): Z.M. Abdul Hadi and L.A. Jackson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 19, p. 462 –464
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730337
- Type: Article
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462
–464
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A novel type of channel-dropping filter, constructed in a rectangular dielectric waveguide, is described. The basis of the device is the linear frequency dependence of the coupling coefficient between two identical rods of certain dimensions. An experimental 4-channel filter in the 30–40 GHz band gives losses comparable with those of metal-waveguide commutative filters.
Erratum: Generating function for spanning trees
- Author(s): B.R. Myers
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 19, page: 464 –464
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730338
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Effects of diode-package cutoff frequency on TRAPATT operation
- Author(s): J.E. Carroll
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 9, Issue 19, page: 464 –464
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19730339
- Type: Article
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