Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 8, Issue 4, 24 February 1972
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Volume 8, Issue 4
24 February 1972
Frequency-dependent behaviour of an acoustic-surface-wave multistrip coupler
- Author(s): J.D. Maines ; F.G. Marshall ; J.F.C. Oliver ; E.G.S. Paige
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 4, p. 81 –82
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720060
- Type: Article
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p.
81
–82
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The distribution of acoustic intensity within a surface-wave multistrip coupler on lithium niobate has been observed using a laser probe. The number of metal strips required for complete transfer of energy between coupled tracks has been determined as a function of acoustic frequency. Two stopbands were observed in the frequency range explored. A simple analytic expression is presented which is in good agreement with experiment away from the vicinity of the stopbands. It may be regarded as useful for coupler design; it is used to demonstrate that the 3 dB fractional bandwidth of the coupler may exceed 120%.
Analysis of propagation in ridge guides for acoustic surface waves
- Author(s): P.E. Lagasse and I.M. Mason
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 4, p. 82 –84
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720061
- Type: Article
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p.
82
–84
(3)
Two models are proposed to describe propagation along an acoustic-surface ridge waveguide, formed by substrate deformation. The higher-order mode spectrum is discussed, and we demonstrate the feasibility of controlling dispersion geometrically.
Verification of reduced-state tables based on the pseudoequivalent merging technique
- Author(s): R.G. Bennetts
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 4, p. 84 –86
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720062
- Type: Article
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p.
84
–86
(3)
A state-reduction technique has recently been proposed, based on pseudoequivalent state-pair identification followed by merging and verification. This letter comments on the problems involved in the verification process.
Heuristic bounds for the frequency of digital oscillators due to quantisation noise
- Author(s): Sigurd F. Hess and Sydney R. Parker
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 4, p. 86 –87
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720063
- Type: Article
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p.
86
–87
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A deterministic approach is used to evaluate bounds for the frequency of the digital oscillator considering either roundoff or magnitude-truncation quantisation. With a proper choice of the number of significant digits, any degree of approximation for a specified sinusoidal oscillation can be achieved.
Component placement through graph partitioning in computer-aided printed-wiring-board design
- Author(s): A.K. Hope
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 4, p. 87 –88
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720064
- Type: Article
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p.
87
–88
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The partitioning of the abstract graph representing an electronic circuit has been applied to the placement of components on a printed wiring board. Results obtained from a computer program exhibit a marked degree of similarity to placements produced by a skilled draughtsman, for a very low processing cost.
Exact large-signal lumped-network representation of a semiconductor
- Author(s): C.T. Sah
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 4, p. 88 –91
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720065
- Type: Article
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p.
88
–91
(4)
An exact 1-lump integral representation of a semiconductor layer of thickness w and its circuit model are obtained for large-signal and arbitrary steady-state levels. The dielectric capacitance is isolated from the distributed network. The application to p-n junctions is given as an illustration.
Microwave attenuation at 35.8 GHz due to rainfall
- Author(s): J.R. Norbury and W.J.K. White
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 4, p. 91 –92
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720066
- Type: Article
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p.
91
–92
(2)
A short double-pass microwave link at 35.8 GHz has been used, with four rapid-response rain gauges, to measure excess attenuation from rain as a function of mean rainfall rate along the path. The results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Electric-field profile and current control of a long epitaxial GaAs n layer
- Author(s): G.A. Swartz ; A. Gonzalez ; A. Dreeben
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 4, p. 93 –94
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720067
- Type: Article
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p.
93
–94
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Control of the cathode current is used to achieve an electric-field bias above the negative-resistance threshold field on an extended length of GaAs epitaxial layer grown on a semi-insulating substrate. The cathode current is controlled with a Schottky-barrier contact strip parallel to the cathode.
New results of an experimental sampling system for recording fast single events
- Author(s): Rudolf Schwarte
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 4, p. 94 –96
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720068
- Type: Article
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p.
94
–96
(3)
A special sampling system has been designed and constructed to record pulse-shape information of extremely fast singly occurring events at low energy levels. The new instrument delivers 40 amplitude values from a single-shot pulse, with risetimes down to 100 ps and an absolute sensitivity of only a few millivolts.
Digital multiplex telephone transmission system using statistical properties of speech
- Author(s): J.E. Flood and K.G. Whitehouse
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 4, p. 96 –97
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720069
- Type: Article
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p.
96
–97
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A digital multiplex telephone transmission system is proposed, which should achieve a smaller bandwidth than conventional pulse-code modulation by using the statistical properties of speech waveforms. Each frame of transmitted pulses only contains a coded sample for a channel if the sample differs from the previous one from that channel. The frame can thus contain fewer time slots than there are channels, if there is a high probability of baseband signals changing by less than one quantising level during the frame period.
Microwave attenuation due to rain at 110 GHz in south-east England
- Author(s): D.T. Llewellyn-Jones and A.M. Zavody
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 4, p. 97 –98
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720070
- Type: Article
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p.
97
–98
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Fading due to precipitation has been recorded at 110 GHz for a period of one year over a 2.65 km path near Slough, England. The results show that frequencies as high as this could be used for relay links over short distances with acceptable reliability, despite the large attenuation due to heavy rain.
Resonant-cap structures for IMPATT diodes
- Author(s): I.S. Groves and D.E. Lewis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 4, p. 98 –99
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720071
- Type: Article
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p.
98
–99
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A series of measurements at 10 GHz giving the performance of IMPATT diodes obtained when varying the parameters of a cap circuit are presented. The results indicate that, with correctly chosen parameters, the circuit is suitable for operation over a 40% bandwidth.
General iterative array
- Author(s): K.J. Dean and J. Deverell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 4, p. 100 –101
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720072
- Type: Article
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p.
100
–101
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A general iterative array is described, which performs many useful switching functions as well as any combination of the fundamental arithmetic operations.
Restrictions on equivalent-network transformations imposed by the continuous method
- Author(s): B.M.G. Cheetham and K.G. Nichols
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 4, p. 101 –102
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720073
- Type: Article
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p.
101
–102
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A comparison is made between the equivalent-network theories of Howitt and Schoeffler. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of a sequence of Schoeffler transformations which has the same effect as a given Howitt transformation.
High-resolution pattern replication using soft X rays
- Author(s): D.L. Spears and Henry I. Smith
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 4, p. 102 –104
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720074
- Type: Article
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p.
102
–104
(3)
A soft X ray lithographic technique capable of contactless replication of submicrometre linewidth planar-device patterns is described. Special soft X ray exposure masks have been developed for the 4–14 Å wavelength region. Elastic-surface-wave-transducer patterns with 1.3 μm electrode spacings were fabricated onto such masks using electron-beam techniques, and were successfully replicated.
Electrical behaviour of p Ge-n ZnSe heterojunctions
- Author(s): D.M. Newbury ; D.L. Kirk ; S.J.T. Owen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 4, p. 104 –105
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720075
- Type: Article
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p.
104
–105
(2)
Three different conduction states, with typical impedances of 1010 Ω, 50 kΩ and 3 kΩ, have been found in hetero-junctions prepared by evaporation of the II-VI compound. A switching phenomena, with memory, is found to occur between two of the conduction states. The switching sequence is rapid (< 30 ns), and is found in junctions prepared from epitaxial and polycrystalline zinc selenide. The effect has also been observed in the p Si-n ZnS heterojunction system.
Microwave coherent demodulator for phase-shift-keyed signals
- Author(s): P.A. Watson and P.K. Lau
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 4, p. 105 –106
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720076
- Type: Article
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p.
105
–106
(2)
A coherent demodulator for p.s.k. signals at microwave-carrier frequencies using an open-squaring phase-locked loop is described and evaluated experimentally. The circuit has been operated at a 50 Mbit data rate, and should operate at much higher data rates. Error measurements in the presence of Gaussian noise confirm that the circuit performs as an ideal coherent detector until the phase-locked-loop threshold is reached.
Matched filtering using tapped bucket-brigade delay lines
- Author(s): D.D. Buss ; W.H. Bailey ; D.R. Collins
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 4, p. 106 –107
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720077
- Type: Article
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p.
106
–107
(2)
The use of an m.o.s. tapped bucket-brigade shift register as a matched filter is discussed. Tapping is accomplished by sensing the node voltages at each delay stage with a source follower, and the weighted summation is accomplished by summing the resulting currents. Construction of a filter matched to a 13 bit Barker-coded p.n. sequence is described and results are presented.
Mapping eddy currents using a resistance network
- Author(s): P.A. Einstein and E.J. Bennet
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 8, Issue 4, p. 107 –108
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19720078
- Type: Article
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p.
107
–108
(2)
An application of the resistance-network analogue is described for mapping eddy-current densities and power losses.
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