Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 7, Issue 5-6, 25 March 1971
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Volume 7, Issue 5
25 March 1971
High-resolution laser homodyne interferometer
- Author(s): J.A. Midgley and K.F. Sander
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 5, p. 117 –118
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710077
- Type: Article
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p.
117
–118
(2)
A simple Michelson interferometer, illuminated by an amplitude stabilised He-Ne laser, has been used to monitor extremely small optical-path-length variations. The instrument is capable of determining a change of 1 Å (2×10−3 rad), with a time resolution of approximately 3 μs.
Carrier multiplication in the pinchoff region of m.o.s. transistors
- Author(s): H. Martinot and P. Rossel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 5, p. 118 –120
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710078
- Type: Article
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118
–120
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The letter describes a theoretical model for the abnormal current in the substrate of m.o.s. transistors beyond pinchoff. It is shown that this current is due to carrier multiplying by avalanching in the pinchoff region. The corresponding drain conductance is determined. The comparison between experimental and theoretical results is given for several samples.
Inductance changes in annular discs near an infinite conducting plane
- Author(s): P.R. Davies and E.M. Deeley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 5, p. 120 –121
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710079
- Type: Article
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p.
120
–121
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At high frequencies, the coupling with a conducting plane is greater for an annular disc than for a conventional coil of the same outside radius. Such discs therefore have benefits in certain inductance transducers, and it is shown that an optimum ratio of the inside to the outside radii exists.
Encapsulant for buried u.h.f. antennas
- Author(s): L.L. Haidle ; J.E. Partch ; R.G. Fitzgerrell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 5, p. 121 –123
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710080
- Type: Article
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121
–123
(3)
Certain applications for above-ground communications require antennas placed below the ground surface. Under these conditions, reasonable antenna performance can be achieved if the antenna is encapsulated in a uniform low-loss dielectric having a relative permittivity near that of the surrounding earth. It is shown that, with special conditioning, refractory concrete is a suitable encapsulant. It is castable, extremely durable and has a relative permittivity of 6.5–7.0 and a loss tangent of 0.005–0.006 at 400 MHz. Resonator measurements have shown that the desired electrical properties can only be achieved, however, if the material is dried at a temperature of 125–150°C. Once dry, the concrete surface must be sealed to prevent water absorption.
Offset-voltage temperature-coefficient in dual m.o.s.f.e.t. source followers
- Author(s): R.W.J. Barker and B.L. Hart
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 5, p. 123 –125
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710081
- Type: Article
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123
–125
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A technique is given for predicting the approximate temperature coefficient of offset voltage of a differential m.o.s.f.e.t. source-follower arrangement incorporated in a unity-gain buffer amplifier set up for zero offset at room temperature. The prediction is dependent on only one measurement, using a bridge-circuit technique, and takes account of possible power-law differences in the nominally matched dual m.o.s.f.e.t.s.
Generalised least-squares estimation without iteration
- Author(s): J.P. Norton and A.P. Roberts
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 5, p. 125 –126
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710082
- Type: Article
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125
–126
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Unbiased estimates of the coefficients of a linear process and noise model are found by a noniterative least-squares method. The estimation is split into three stages, in which the residuals, noise model and process model are found separately. Results are compared with those from the usual iterative method.
Special stability analysis for the Shichman formula
- Author(s): B.R. Boustead
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 5, p. 127 –129
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710083
- Type: Article
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127
–129
(3)
The Shichman formula for numerical integration is shown to be A stable for all step ratios a. However, for a > 1+√2 with a negative real eigenvalue K, there is an initial instability phenomenon whose presence precludes the use of this a range. The phenomenon is absent when a <1+√2.
Truncation error in the analysis of aperture radiation
- Author(s): A.Q. Howard
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 5, p. 129 –131
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710084
- Type: Article
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129
–131
(3)
The mode-matching technique for a flanged aperture is considered. By using the known form of the edge singularities, the mode-coupling equations are cast into a form which partially compensates for the truncation effect. The formulation is shown to recover the local-field properties and the boundary conditions in the immediate vicinity of the edges.
State-feedback controller for systems with dead time
- Author(s): J.O. Gray and P.W.B. Hunt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 5, p. 131 –133
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710085
- Type: Article
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131
–133
(3)
State-variable feedback methods are used to synthetise a sampled-data controller for a linear system with transport lag. A partial plant model is used to generate the inaccessible states directly, and feedback coefficients are determined from the solution of a set of linear simultaneous equations.
Etched Schottky-barrier m.o.s.f.e.t.s using a single mask
- Author(s): J.G. Hogeboom and R.S.C. Cobbold
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 5, p. 133 –134
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710086
- Type: Article
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133
–134
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A simplified method for fabricating silicon m.o.s. transistors using a single photographic mask is described. The source and drain regions are etched; underetching the oxide results in autoregistration of the gate. The characteristics of both Schottky-barrier and p–n junction source and drain devices are presented.
Complex propagation coefficients and the step discontinuity in corrugated cylindrical waveguide
- Author(s): D.N. Cooper
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 5, p. 135 –136
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710087
- Type: Article
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p.
135
–136
(2)
The letter is concerned with the nature of evanescent modes in circumferentially corrugated cylindrical waveguide. When the longitudinal surface susceptance is small, the propagation coefficients for these modes must become complex. A knowledge of evanescent modes is necessary when discussing discontinuities in waveguides; some preliminary results for a modal analysis of the step-discontinuity problem in corrugated waveguide are presented.
Orthogonality relationship for class of waveguide with anisotropic walls
- Author(s): D.N. Cooper
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 5, page: 137 –137
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710088
- Type: Article
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p.
137
(1)
The letter presents a proof of an orthogonality relationship ∫∫ẑ(Ep×H)ds = 0 kzp ≠ kzq for waveguide modes in a class of cylindrical waveguide with uniform anisotropic walls characterised by a longitudinal impedance Zz and circumferential impedance Zϕ. The usual idealisation of circumferentially corrugated waveguides belongs to this class.
New automatic equaliser employing modulo arithmetic
- Author(s): M. Tomlinson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 5, p. 138 –139
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710089
- Type: Article
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138
–139
(2)
The limitations of present automatic and adaptive equalisers stem from the use of feedforward transversal filters. These drawbacks may be obviated by using a feedback transversal filter, the inverse filter, but this is only suitable for limited use since it can be an unstable circuit. It is shown that modulo arithmetic may be used in the inverse filter to eliminate completely the possibility of instability, and a very simple automatic or adaptive equalisation system is presented. Some interesting properties of the modulo inverse filter are included.
Longitudinal quadratic electro-optical effect in KTN
- Author(s): A.J. Fox and P.W. Whipps
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 5, p. 139 –140
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710090
- Type: Article
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139
–140
(2)
The occurrence of the longitudinal quadratic electro-optic effect in potassium tantalo niobate (KTN) is reported. It is shown that this effect will occur for particular orientations in all crystals with the point group m3m. Measurements of the halfwave voltage in thin slices of KTN are in good agreement with theory.
Improved excitation techniques for atmospheric pressure CO2 lasers
- Author(s): H.M. Lamberton and P.R. Pearson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 5, p. 141 –142
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710091
- Type: Article
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p.
141
–142
(2)
A simple and rugged electrode structure is described for the production of uniform pulse-excited discharges throughout large volumes at atmospheric pressure. Output energy densities of 18 mJ/cm3 have been achieved in a multimode CO2 laser. The performance is compared with that of a novel mesh-cathode electrode system.
Experimental study of surface channel in insulated-gate field-effect transistor
- Author(s): M.B. Bandali and G.T. Wright
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 5, p. 142 –144
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710092
- Type: Article
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–144
(3)
A simple experimental technique is described for measuring the effective channel length and the surface-channel drift mobility in the insulated-gate field-effect transistor. Experimental results are presented for p channel transistors made in 8 Ω cm silicon.
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