Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 7, Issue 2, 28 January 1971
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Volume 7, Issue 2
28 January 1971
Drift cancellation in a d.c.-coupled computing amplifier
- Author(s): R.N. Barnes and B.L. Hart
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, p. 25 –26
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710017
- Type: Article
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The technique of employing one operational amplifier merely to cancel, or partially cancel, the voltage offsets and drift effects of its twin on the same semiconductor wafer makes possible, at low cost, a d.c. computing amplifier with a drift performance an order of magnitude better than that of a single amplifier used by itself.
Dyadic modal control of multi-input time-invariant linear systems
- Author(s): B. Porter and T.R. Crossley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, p. 26 –27
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710018
- Type: Article
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In the letter, a closed-form formula is presented for the feedback gains required to assign arbitrary eigenvalues to the closed-loop system matrix of a class of multi-input systems.
New transformations in signal-flow graphs
- Author(s): C. Acar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, p. 27 –28
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710019
- Type: Article
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New transformations are given which make it possible to transform a given signal-flow graph to any other one with the same nodes and the same node variables. Such transformations are useful in network synthesis by signal-flow graphs.
Inversion of modal matrices
- Author(s): S. Raman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, page: 29 –29
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710020
- Type: Article
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An algorithm is presented for the inversion of a square matrix having real and complex-conjugate columns. An example of such a matrix is the modal matrix whose columns are eigenvectors of an arbitrary square matrix with real elements. It is shown that the inversion of an n×n modal matrix can be achieved by a single real matrix inversion of the same dimension.
Pole sensitivity to coefficient rounding in digital filters with multiple shift sequences
- Author(s): M.L. Attanasio D'Atri and T. Cianciolo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, p. 29 –31
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710021
- Type: Article
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A method is described for reducing pole-position error due to coefficient rounding in digital filters with multiple shift sequences.
Operation of transferred-electron oscillators in the ridge-waveguide circuit
- Author(s): S.Y. Narayan ; H.C. Huang ; A.R. Gobat
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, p. 31 –32
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710022
- Type: Article
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Operation of high-power X and K. band transferred-electron oscillators (t.e.o.s) in waveguide circuits is described. An increase in c.w. efficiency from 2.5 to 3.5% by decreasing the impedance of the waveguide circuit is reported. Output powers as high as 1.0 W at 10 GHz with 2.5% efficiency and 500 mW at 20 GHz with 3% efficiency were obtained in a ridge-waveguide circuit.
Surface currents on conducting triangular prisms
- Author(s): L. Shafai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, p. 32 –34
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710023
- Type: Article
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A simple and accurate method for evaluation of the singular currents on a conducting cylinder of arbitrary cross-section is briefly discussed, and the computed results for the induced currents on a conducting triangular prism are presented.
Further note on fast generation of spherical Bessel functions with complex arguments
- Author(s): R.C. Boston
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, page: 34 –34
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710024
- Type: Article
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The author discusses two extensions to previous work which may speed up, and render more accurate, the evaluation of the Bessel function. These extensions are real recursion for complex argument and the suppression of overflows.
Reflection of an impulsive plane wave by a magnetoionic half space
- Author(s): D.A. Hill
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, p. 35 –36
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710025
- Type: Article
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Using the known steady-state solution for reflection of a plane wave at normal incidence, the time-dependent reflected waveforms for an impulsive incident field are calculated by use of a numerical inverse Fourier transform. Curves are presented which show the dependence of the parallel and crosspolarised components on the static magnetic field.
Method of testing p.c.m. encoders and decoders by a level-at-a-time process
- Author(s): A.G. Stoddart
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, p. 36 –38
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710026
- Type: Article
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A method for automatically testing individual p.c.m. terminals, transmit and receive, is given. Each of the encoding levels is tested a selected number of times and an error indication is produced. Access is required to only the audio 4-wire and digital-line terminals.
Nonlinear metal resistors
- Author(s): J.C. Mitchinson and R.D. Pringle
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, p. 38 –39
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710027
- Type: Article
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Rectifying I/V characteristics were observed for a thin-metal-film structure made of gold, aluminium and silver vacuum-deposited layers. Also discontinuities were found in the slope resistance of these films. The structure of the devices is described, and typical I/V and slope-resistance characteristics are presented.
Delayed versions of linear binary sequences
- Author(s): C.A. Stapleton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, page: 39 –39
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710028
- Type: Article
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An economical means of generating simultaneous delayed versions of an m-sequence is described, using an extended shift register and an inversion of Davies's method of delay generation.
F.m. noise measurements on silicon IMPATT oscillators
- Author(s): D.M. Clunie ; C.A. Tearle ; W.P.N. Court
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, p. 39 –40
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710029
- Type: Article
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The view has often been expressed that IMPATT oscillators have poor f.m. noise performance. This letter gives results of f.m. noise measurements on J band IMPATT oscillators which indicate that, with suitable cavity and diode design, good f.m. noise performance can be obtained.
Stability of parametric networks
- Author(s): P.H. Gerrand and A.R. Kerr
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, p. 40 –42
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710030
- Type: Article
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It is shown using state-variable theory that the s plane poles of the forced response of a linear periodically time-varying system are related simply to the characteristic exponents {μ1} of the A matrix. The poles are given by {±jnωpμ1±jnωp}, where ωp is the pump frequency and n = 0, 1, 2, .., ∞. It follows that a necessary and sufficient condition for asymptotic stability, given a uniformly bounded input, is that all the poles other than the ±jnωp have negative real parts. That instability can occur in a physically realisable system is demonstrated using computed examples with known error magnitudes. These results conflict with an assertion by Leon based on his frequency-domain analysis of a class of parametric amplifiers. A further assertion, by Leon and Webber, that a certain class of parametric circuits is unconditionally stable, is demonstrated to be incorrect. The interesting result is obtained that, for a class of simple parametric circuits, there exist two separate regions of stability.
Experimental characterisation of avalanche-diode reflection amplifiers and locked oscillators
- Author(s): P.W. Braddock
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, p. 42 –44
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710031
- Type: Article
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Qualitative experimental results are presented for a silicon IMPATT diode on the distinction between the undercoupled quenched oscillator, optimised oscillator, locked oscillator, stable amplifier, in relation to the gain, linearity and saturation power. The results are consistent with a nonlinear interpretation of the equivalent diode conductance.
Extension of Chang-Chang's method to analysis of generalised multilayer and multiconductor transmission-line system
- Author(s): Yu Chang and Chang-Yu Wu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, p. 45 –47
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710032
- Type: Article
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The characterisation of the capacitance matrix of a multilayer and multiconductor transmission-line system is very important in the development of microwave integrated circuits. Many practical multilayer and multiconductor configurations are just special cases of the general configuration described in the letter. The method presented is based on the variational principle. The determination of the capacitance matrix of a generalised N-layer and N-strip transmission-line system is programmable on a digital computer. It should be realised that the transverse-transmission-line concept does indeed make the application of the variational analysis to a multilayer and multiconductor system a relatively simple task.
Mathematical 2-dimensional model of semiconductor devices
- Author(s): D. Vandorpe and Nguyen Huy Xuong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, p. 47 –50
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710033
- Type: Article
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An iterative process for the research of the solution of the 2-dimensional semiconductor transport equations system is presented. It is possible, with this process, to obtain the values of potential, hole and electron concentrations at all points of the device for any polarisation value.
Performance of InP 3-level oscillators in K and Q bands: 18–40 GHz
- Author(s): D.J. Colliver ; J.R. Morgan ; B.C. Taylor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, p. 50 –51
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710034
- Type: Article
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Epitaxial InP of 5.4 μm thickness has oscillated at frequencies up to 40 GHz and has yielded an efficiency of within 2% at 29.4 GHz. The optimum operating frequency for these 3-level oscillators appears to be determined by a defined transit velocity, and results have not suggested that an upper frequency limit has yet been encountered.
Comparison of attenuation statistics at 19 and 37 GHz for Sun-Earth paths
- Author(s): P.G. Davies
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, p. 51 –52
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710035
- Type: Article
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For 0.2% of the observing time during May-August 1970, the attenuations at 19 and 37 GHz were about 3.8 and 10.2 dB, respectively, the larger value being the maximum measurable with the technique used in the investigation. Previous attenuation statistics published for 19 GHz are updated to cover the period June 1968-August 1970.
Off-axis launching into a fibre-optical waveguide
- Author(s): J.R. Stern and R.B. Dyott
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, p. 52 –53
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710036
- Type: Article
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The launching efficiency is calculated for the HE11 mode in an optical-fibre waveguide excited by an off-axis Gaussian laser beam. The dependence of the launching efficiency on small displacements of the fibre is discussed, and possible methods of easing the problem of positional alignment are suggested. Some recent experimental work is described.
Network sensitivities in terms of scattering parameters
- Author(s): G. Iuculano ; V.A. Monaco ; P. Tiberio
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, p. 53 –55
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710037
- Type: Article
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A method based on the ‘adjoint-network’ concept for the exact evaluation of linear-network transfer-function magnitude sensitivity, group delay and group-delay sensitivity in terms of the component S parameters is described.
Pulse-rate exponential function generator
- Author(s): J.D. Martin and A.J. Shiner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, p. 55 –56
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710038
- Type: Article
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An exponential function generator is described, which uses pulse-rate signals, but produces a digital-code output signal. This circuit is a development of a well known circuit, and appears to be novel.
Digital filtering using logarithmic arithmetic
- Author(s): N.G. Kingsbury and P.J.W. Rayner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, p. 56 –58
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710039
- Type: Article
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A method of computation is described in which all signals are encoded logarithmically, giving a great improvement in dynamic range compared with fixed-point linearly encoded arithmetic. Two ways of adding or subtracting logarithmically encoded numbers are suggested, together with a logarithmic digital-analogue convertor.
Equaliser for digital communication
- Author(s): R.T. Boyd and F.C. Monds
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, p. 58 –60
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710040
- Type: Article
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The principles of a proposed equalising system for digital data communication are explained, and its operation described for binary signalling. This technique can achieve a comparatively high performance/equipment-complexity ratio. Computer simulation results for a typical line-transmission channel are presented.
Erratum: Describing function of the diurnal variation of ionospheric nondeviative absorption
- Author(s): L.M. Muggleton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 2, page: 60 –60
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710041
- Type: Article
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