Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 7, Issue 16, 12 August 1971
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Volume 7, Issue 16
12 August 1971
F.m. noise of low-level-operating IMPATT-diode oscillators
- Author(s): J.J. Goedbloed
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 445 –446
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710302
- Type: Article
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An analytical relationship for the output-spectrum width of a low-level-operating IMPATT-diode oscillator is verified experimentally by measuring relevant diode and circuit quantities as well as the oscillator noise. Good agreement between theory and experiment is found if the spectrum width is assumed to be predominantly due to f.m. noise.
Near-field radiation characteristics of corrugated horns
- Author(s): P.J.B. Clarricoats ; A.D. Olver ; P.K. Saha
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 446 –448
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710303
- Type: Article
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–448
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The amplitude and phase patterns of corrugated feed horns are predicted in the near-field region by means of a spherical-mode-expansion method which has been previously applied only in the far field. Excellent agreement has been observed with experimental patterns, and typical results for horns with flare semiangles of 12° and 70° are described.
Constraint removal for Huelsman's equal-valued-capacitor active RC circuit
- Author(s): S. Tirtoprodjo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 448 –449
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710304
- Type: Article
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–449
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Making use of the well known Hurwitz conditions, it is shown that Huelsman's equal-valued-capacitor active RC circuit may realise not merely the Butterworth maximally flat characteristic, but any kind of 3rd-order lowpass transfer function, regardless of the precise location of the three left-halfplane poles.
Transit-time oscillator with velocity-limited injection
- Author(s): G.T. Wright
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 449 –451
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710305
- Type: Article
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The basic theory of a space-charge transit-time oscillator is outlined in which phase lag of current is caused by using low-velocity injection. Large negative resistances are anticipated at microwave frequencies, giving generation of moderate power levels with low-noise operation. Approximate design calculations for a representative idealised structure 100 μm square, based on silicon and operating at a frequency of 10 GHz, suggest a negative resistance of −50 Ω and a negative Q factor of -π/2, with a maximum output power of about 1 W and an efficiency of about 7%.
Transistor S parameter measurement: 2-port to 3-port transforms
- Author(s): D. Woods
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 451 –452
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710306
- Type: Article
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In 2-port s parameter measurements on active devices, residual common-electrode impedance can cause serious errors, particularly in the common-emitter configuration. Transforms have already been given for the elimination of this impedance prior to transformation to the corresponding 3-port parameters for checking the sum-to-unity property. It is shown that, by combining the two sets of transforms, it is possible to convert directly from the measured 2-port parameters, including the effect of common-electrode impedance, to 3-port parameters. The necessary circuit conditions that must be satisfied in the use of the transforms are re-emphasised.
Nonlinear-capacitor simulation
- Author(s): R.W. Newcomb and O.A. Seriki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 452 –454
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710307
- Type: Article
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An equivalence is shown which allows nonlinear-capacitor dynamics to be placed in linear capacitors, which are then coupled through nonlinear resistive networks to simulate the desired nonlinear capacitors.
The mixed double: a new balanced input stage
- Author(s): R.H.S. Riordan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, page: 454 –454
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710308
- Type: Article
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A new circuit has been developed for use as the input stage in low-level d.c. amplifiers.
Synthesis of broadband microwave transistor amplifiers
- Author(s): R.S. Tucker
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 455 –456
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710309
- Type: Article
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The design of broadband microwave transistor amplifiers is discussed in terms of direct synthesis of distributed commensurate matching networks. Examples are given for both single-stage and 2-stage amplifiers, using ladder networks realisable in stripline form.
New approach to the approximation of RC-active-filter transmission functions with low Q factor
- Author(s): A. Premoli and F. Germano
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 456 –458
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710310
- Type: Article
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A new polynomial class is considered for the design of the transmission functions of lowpass RC active filters. These transmission functions have higher degree but lower Q factors than those computed with the classical Cheby̅shev method.
Shift-invariant transformation for pattern recognition
- Author(s): I. White
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 458 –460
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710311
- Type: Article
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A 1-dimensional shift invariant is proposed which is a mapping of the real function g(t) such that, for g(t) ≠ h(t+τ) for any τ, the invariant function Rg(·) is not equal to Rh(·). It is a special case of the 2nd-order autocorrelation discussed by McLaughlin et al.
Novel acoustic-surface-wave directional coupler with diverse applications
- Author(s): F.G. Marshall and E.G.S. Paige
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 460 –462
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710312
- Type: Article
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An acoustic-surface-wave directional coupler is proposed that may be used on materials having a large electromechanical coupling constant to couple two acoustic beams which are many wavelengths wide. The normal modes of the coupler are identified and used with an equivalent-circuit representation of the device to predict the length of the structure needed for complete energy transfer. The theory indicates that the device can have an intrinsic bandwidth near to 100%.
Observed properties of an acoustic-surface-wave multistrip coupler
- Author(s): F.G. Marshall and E.G.S. Paige
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 463 –464
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710313
- Type: Article
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The properties of an acoustic-surface-wave multistrip coupler constructed on YZ LiNbO3 are reported. The device was made by standard photolithographic techniques and consisted of 100 separate aluminium strips at a repeat distance of 16 μm. Over a bandwidth of at least 30% centred at 86 MHz, the coupling factor was less than 1 dB with a directivity of approximately 30 dB. Some applications of the coupler are discussed; in particular, it is shown that the device may be used as a filter to discriminate between bulk and surface acoustic waves.
Dynamic performance of a tunnel-diode monostable trigger with nonlinear load
- Author(s): A.B. Bhattacharyya and S.L. Sarnot
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 465 –466
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710314
- Type: Article
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The performance of a tunnel-diode monostable multivibrator with a nonlinear load is studied both theoretically and experimentally. Analytic closed-form expressions for the pulsewidth and recovery time are obtained, and it is seen that the present results markedly differ from those obtained using simple approximations for the tunnel-diode characteristic.
Improved commutating channel separator for millimetric-waveguide systems
- Author(s): I.A. Ravenscroft and G.P. Kidd
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 466 –468
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710315
- Type: Article
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The main disadvantage of the use of the commutating channel separator in waveguide systems arises from dispersion in the waveguide. This results in channel frequencies which are not in arithmetical sequence. A method of significantly reducing these effects is described.
Experimental evidence of bistable switching in a Gunn epitaxial coplanar diode by anode-surface loading
- Author(s): D. Boccon-Gibod and J.L. Teszner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 468 –469
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710316
- Type: Article
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Bistable switching and negative differential resistance without instability are shown to occur in thin epitaxial diodes with coplanar contacts and anode-surface metallic loading. For cathode loading, it gives way to current saturation. Such effects appear to be directly related to the structure of the sample and to its thickness.
Lateral capacitive probing of an anode-loaded epitaxial coplanar gallium-arsenide diode
- Author(s): D. Boccon-Gibod and J.L. Teszner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 469 –472
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710317
- Type: Article
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Lateral capacitive probing of epitaxial coplanar diodes shows that the results described in a previous letter are related to the creation of a moving high-field region from the cathode. When this region reaches the anode, no other moving space-charge region appears at the cathode, which should imply the existence of a stationary high-field region at the anode.
High-power high-efficiency c.w. Gunn oscillators in X band
- Author(s): D.V. Eddolls ; F.S. Ward ; A.J. Whitehead
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 472 –473
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710318
- Type: Article
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Gunn oscillators on diamond heat sinks have produced up to 780 mW c.w. with 5.1% efficiency at 9.9 GHz. The devices were operated in full-height waveguide cavities. Similar devices on copper have produced up to 700 mW with 4.1% efficiency and typical powers of 600 mW with efficiencies of 3.9%. The effect of varying the 2nd-harmonic loading on devices mounted in fully-reduced-height waveguide has also been investigated, but no enhancement in output power at the fundamental frequency was observed.
Four-step digital p–i–n diode phase shifter in waveguide at C band using two diodes
- Author(s): R. Genner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 474 –475
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710319
- Type: Article
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The purpose of the work was to design a 2 bit reflection-type phase shifter which could be manufactured by a cheap mass-production technique and which utilised two, rather than the usual three, p–i–n diodes. Since these diodes comprise a relatively large fraction of the total cost of the phase shifter, the saving of one diode allows a useful reduction in cost. The phase shifter, which is in reduced-height waveguide and covers the 5275–5475 MHz band, allows the phase of a signal reflected from it to be changed by 90°, 180° and 270°. The letter describes the design and performance of the phase shifter. The phased-array configuration for which it would be appropriate is a large reflect array with, say, 2000 elements.
Reciprocal Darlington section suitable for an integrated circuit
- Author(s): M.S. Piekarski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 475 –477
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710320
- Type: Article
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A reciprocal gyrator-capacitor section is proposed with reference to integrated realisations. The section, containing four grounded gyrators and four capacitors, realises any complex 2nd-order even-part zero of a driving-point admittance and reduces the degree of the admittance function by four. The element values of the section are given in the terms of the extracted transmission zero and the value of the admittance function at the extracted zero.
Computer analysis for the various-order sensitivity coefficients in frequency domain
- Author(s): A.K. Seth and P.H. Roe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 477 –478
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710321
- Type: Article
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For a network with 2-terminal and 4-terminal devices, it is shown that the major computational effort in solving for the various-order sensitivity coefficients consists in inverting two complex matrices. For networks amenable to nodal or loop solution, this simplifies to only one. Details for computer implementation are included.
Method for the computation of higher-order sensitivity coefficients for a linear network: frequency-domain case
- Author(s): A.K. Seth and P.H. Roe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, p. 478 –479
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710322
- Type: Article
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Based on the adjoint-network approach, it is shown that all the various-order sensitivity coefficients with respect to m varying elements are given in the terms of only 2m+2 network solutions. For reciprocal networks, this number reduces to m+2.
Erratum: Ion oscillations in a cold positive-ion electron-beam thermal electron plasma
- Author(s): K.G. Emeleus and T.S. Pak
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, page: 480 –480
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710323
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Parallel-processing computer for pattern recognition
- Author(s): D.G. Wadbrook and D.J. Woollons
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, page: 480 –480
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710324
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Irregular fields, nonconvex shapes and the point-matching method for hollow waveguides
- Author(s): J.B. Davies and P. Nagenthiram
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 16, page: 480 –480
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710325
- Type: Article
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