Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 7, Issue 14, 15 July 1971
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Volume 7, Issue 14
15 July 1971
Remarks on solution of AX+XB = C
- Author(s): S. Barnett
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 14, page: 385 –385
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710262
- Type: Article
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p.
385
(1)
Comments are made on the closed-form solution of the linear matrix equation AX+XB = C using Kronecker-product representations.
Parallel-processing computer for pattern recognition
- Author(s): D.G. Walbrook and D.J. Woollons
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 14, p. 385 –387
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710263
- Type: Article
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p.
385
–387
(3)
Techniques currently under investigation for use in the processing of 2-dimensional patterns are reported. Particular reference is made to the design of a parallel-processing computer which is being developed for this task, and some preliminary applications in the segmentation and feature-detection phases of the recognition of handwritten alphanumeric characters are outlined.
Optimality with input derivatives
- Author(s): H. Nicholson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 14, p. 387 –389
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710264
- Type: Article
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p.
387
–389
(3)
Optimal control of the linear system containing input derivatives is formulated using transformed co-ordinates. The transformation introduces crossproduct weighting into the quadratic performance index and leads to an additional feedback control component which can be related to a direct least-squares minimisation. In the frequency domain, the overall system return-difference matrix is shown to include a transformation related to the inverse of other return-difference matrices associated with the components of the transformed input driving matrix.
Thermal noise in gradual-junction-gate f.e.t.
- Author(s): D. Rigaud ; G. Ginter ; G. Lecoy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 14, p. 389 –390
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710265
- Type: Article
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p.
389
–390
(2)
The letter gives the analytic expressions of the thermal noise existing in the channel of the epitaxial-junction gate field-effect transistor. The results are compared with Van der Ziel's for an abrupt junction gate.
Langmuir-probe measurement of ionisation density on a plasma jet
- Author(s): R.M. Clements ; R.N. Morris ; P.R. Smy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 14, p. 390 –392
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710266
- Type: Article
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p.
390
–392
(3)
The current to a negative probe in an argon plasma jet shows a strong dependence on probe bias and is up to an order of magnitude less than the usual convection/diffusion saturation current. The current is also in surprisingly good agreement with the calculated sheath/convection current. The results are attributed to electron–ion recombination in the vicinity of the probe.
Frame synchronisation for binary data transmission
- Author(s): K. Brayer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 14, p. 392 –393
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710267
- Type: Article
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p.
392
–393
(2)
The performance of a frame-synchronisation technique for use with binary data transmission is analysed on the binary symmetric channel. Although the binary symmetric channel is an idealised channel, it can be used to represent a space channel or any data link to which a message-interleaving or diffusion scheme has been applied.
Signal/noise-ratio performance of optimum nonlinearities
- Author(s): N.M. Blachman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 14, p. 393 –395
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710268
- Type: Article
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p.
393
–395
(3)
The optimum nonlinearities for generating the first, second, third and fourth harmonics of a narrowband signal in Gaussian noise are evaluated in terms of their output signal/noise ratios, and they are compared with power-law non-linearities and ideal limiters, for which simple exact formulas are included
Ridge guides for acoustic surface waves
- Author(s): I.M. Mason ; R.M. de la Rue ; R.V. Schmidt ; E.A. Ash ; P.E. Lagasse
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 14, p. 395 –397
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710269
- Type: Article
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p.
395
–397
(3)
A low-velocity flexural mode has been excited on acoustic-surface-wave topographic guides. With structures offering some hope of realisation at high frequencies, very strong confinement of the guided wave is obtained. Q factors in excess of 1000 have been observed on a ring resonator only ten wave lengths in diameter.
Logical dry-reed networks
- Author(s): W. Gruszczyński ; M. Ligmanowski ; H.J. Wierzba
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 14, p. 397 –398
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710270
- Type: Article
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p.
397
–398
(2)
The possibilities of realisation of logical networks by means of an assembly containing a dry-reed relay with diodes and resistors are presented. The basic dry reed is a normally open contact. The method of realisation ensures the minimal number of contacts in these networks.
Simplified Lyapunov matrix equation with applications to the control of distributed-parameter systems
- Author(s): A.J. Pritchard and K.T. Parker
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 14, p. 398 –399
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710271
- Type: Article
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p.
398
–399
(2)
The Lyapunov matrix equation is shown to be of importance in generating the optimal gains for distributed-parameter feedback control systems with controllers based on the values of the state variables at discrete points. It is shown that the Lyapunov matrix equation can be considerably reduced for such systems. In a typical example, the number of unknowns is reduced from 1225 to 49.
Angle modulation of frequency locked Gunn oscillators
- Author(s): B. Martin and G.S. Hobson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 14, p. 399 –401
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710272
- Type: Article
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p.
399
–401
(3)
It is shown experimentally and theoretically that frequency modulation through the bias circuit of free-running Gunn oscillators at low modulation frequencies can be converted to an equivalent phase modulation by frequency locking. Judicious choice of locking bandwidth causes the low-frequency phase-modulation coefficient to be of the same order of magnitude as that measured at high modulation frequencies. The phase-modulation coefficient at high frequencies is unaltered by frequency locking.
Irregular fields, nonconvex shapes and the point-matching method for hollow waveguides
- Author(s): J.B. Davies and P. Nagenthiram
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 14, p. 401 –404
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710273
- Type: Article
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p.
401
–404
(4)
The normal point-matching method is shown to be unusable for some quite practical shapes. It is shown that correct choice of an expansion set can improve the results for some shapes, and particularly for guides with an irregular field.
Measurement of electrically induced liquid motion with an optical probe
- Author(s): R.J. Taylor and H. House
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 14, p. 404 –405
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710274
- Type: Article
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p.
404
–405
(2)
Velocity measurements have been made of electrically induced liquid motion in n hexane using a laser-Doppler optical probe.
Coupled-mode model of dispersion in microstrip
- Author(s): O.P. Jain ; V. Makios ; W.J. Chudobiak
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 14, p. 405 –407
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710275
- Type: Article
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p.
405
–407
(3)
A coupled-mode model for dispersion in microstrip is developed which predicts dispersion for a wide range of microstrip configurations (2 ≤ εr ≤ 104, 0.025 in ≤ h ≤ 0.125 in and 0.9 ≤ w/h ≤ 6). The expression for the coupling coefficient is derived using qualitative arguments and experimental results, and is convenient for design purposes of microstrip components.
Broadband (1.95 GHz) varactor tuned X band Gunn oscillator
- Author(s): B.J. Downing and F.A. Myers
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 14, p. 407 –409
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710276
- Type: Article
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p.
407
–409
(3)
Gunn devices mounted in an X band-waveguide cavity have been varactor-tuned over 1.95 GHz and mechanically tuned over 3.0 GHz. The minimum output power over this range was 14 mW and the temperature stability 150 kHz/degC.
Synthesis of transfer functions by nonsymmetrical lattice networks using lossy coils
- Author(s): P.K. Verma and V. Ramachandran
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 14, p. 409 –410
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710277
- Type: Article
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p.
409
–410
(2)
A method for realising a v.t.f.by a nonsymmetrical lattice in which all coils can be made lossy is given.
Group velocity in space-time periodic media
- Author(s): R.S. Chu and T. Tamir
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 14, p. 410 –412
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710278
- Type: Article
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p.
410
–412
(3)
The concept of the group velocity of electromagnetic fields is examined for waves that propagate through an isotropic lossless dielectric medium whose permittivity is varying periodically with respect to both space and time. It is found that the group velocity represents the velocity of energy transport averaged over the length of a periodicity cell.
Directional coupler using acoustic surface waves
- Author(s): D.P. Morgan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 14, p. 412 –413
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710279
- Type: Article
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p.
412
–413
(2)
The properties of interdigital transducers have been used to construct a directional coupler. The coupler consists basically of an array of eight transducers etched from an aluminium film deposited on a lithium-niobate substrate. Experimentally, a directivity of 17 dB was obtained at 75 MHz.
Program for numerical inversion of the Laplace transform
- Author(s): K. Singhal and J. Vlach
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 14, p. 413 –415
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710280
- Type: Article
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p.
413
–415
(3)
The letter describes a numerical Laplace-transform inversion based on the Padé rational approximation of exp (z) with any degree of numerator and denominator. User-oriented information is given. The program is intended mainly for time responses of networks with lumped-distributed and active elements where partial-fraction expansions are not feasible.
Response of a recursive m.t.i. filter to inputs with staggered p.r.f.
- Author(s): S. Haykin and J.F. Boulter
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 7, Issue 14, p. 415 –416
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19710281
- Type: Article
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p.
415
–416
(2)
The authors present graphical results of computer simulations showing that proper choice of feedback coefficients in conjunction with a staggered p.r.f.input can achieve significant improvements in low-frequency cutoff and in smoothness of response within the passband, at the expense of increased circuit complexity.
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