Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 6, Issue 6, 19 March 1970
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Volume 6, Issue 6
19 March 1970
Rayleigh-wave propagation on a periodically roughened surface
- Author(s): P.V.H. Sabine
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 149 –151
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700104
- Type: Article
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p.
149
–151
(3)
Correction of an expression derived by Brekhovskikh for the attenuation of Rayleigh waves propagating on a surface with periodic roughness permits theoretical verification of Rischbieter's experimental results.
Efficient method of solving the discrete Riccati equation when the plant matrix contains a noise-shaping filter
- Author(s): C.S. Berger
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, page: 151 –151
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700105
- Type: Article
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p.
151
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The solution of the optimal linear discrete control problem can, in many practical cases, be computed with increased efficiency by decomposition of the discrete Riccati equation.
Mode identification for an oscillator using solid-state active devices in a waveguide-below-cutoff resonator
- Author(s): F. Ivanek ; V.G.K. Reddi ; M. Shyam
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 151 –152
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700106
- Type: Article
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151
–152
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The author's reply is given to a recent letter by McPhun on waveguide-below-cutoff resonators.
Pulse measurement of r63′ in KD*P
- Author(s): T.M. Christmas and C.G. Wildey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 152 –153
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700107
- Type: Article
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p.
152
–153
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A subnanosecond voltage generator has been used to measure the zero-strain electro-optic coefficient r63′ of KD*P, and a value of 24.0×10−12 m/V±5% has been obtained.
Interface studies of the m.i.s. structure by surface photovoltage measurements
- Author(s): Y.W. Lam
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 153 –154
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700108
- Type: Article
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p.
153
–154
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A method is described whereby the surface-state density of an m.i.s. structure can be measured over a fairly wide range of energies in the band gap. The method involves measurements of the surface photovoltage at moderate light intensities. Results obtained by this method are shown to be in good agreement with those obtained by other methods.
Analysis of quasioptical waveguide corners
- Author(s): B. Wardrop
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 154 –155
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700109
- Type: Article
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p.
154
–155
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The use of a mode-matching technique is shown to provide an accurate analysis of the oversize waveguide corner, thereby providing a means of checking the accuracy of other quasioptical approaches.
Tables and graphs for designing digital Cheby̅shev filters
- Author(s): V. Mauro and A.R. Meo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 155 –157
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700110
- Type: Article
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155
–157
(3)
The authors draw attention to the availability of numerical tables and graphs for design by the conventional deduction of the z transform from a given squared magnitude function.
Tables for Butterworth-digital-filter design
- Author(s): R. Genesio and A. Laurentini
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 157 –159
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700111
- Type: Article
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p.
157
–159
(3)
A method for constructing tables for digital-filter design is described. Filters whose transfer functions are similar to those of Butterworth analogue filters are considered.
Optimum feed for large radio-telescopes: experimental results
- Author(s): T.B. Vu and Q.H. Vu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 159 –160
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700112
- Type: Article
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p.
159
–160
(2)
Corrugated waveguide structures can be used to design highly efficient aperture-type feeds for both spherical and paraboloidal reflector antennas. The letter presents a brief account of experimental results obtained with a 2-hybrid-mode horn. It is shown that theoretical and experimental results agree closely.
Launching into optical-fibre waveguide
- Author(s): J.R. Stern ; M. Peace ; R.B. Dyott
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 160 –162
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700113
- Type: Article
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p.
160
–162
(3)
A theoretical and experimental study has been made of the launching of the fundamental HE11 mode into glass-fibre optical waveguide from a focused linearly polarised laser beam. Efficiencies approaching 100% are possible in theory. A practical efficiency of about 50% has been achieved.
New vector-space structure for dynamical systems
- Author(s): A.G.J. MacFarlane and H.H. Rosenbrock
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 162 –163
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700114
- Type: Article
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p.
162
–163
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The transfer-function matrix G(s) of a finite-dimensional linear time-invariant dynamical system may be regarded as representing a mapping between linear vector spaces over the field of rational functions in s. This leads to a new way of associating an algebraic structure with G(s), which should prove useful both in system theory and in the design of feedback control systems.
Variational principle for nonconservative networks
- Author(s): D.L. Jones and F.J. Evans
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 163 –164
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700115
- Type: Article
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p.
163
–164
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By using the concepts of content and cocontent, a generalised variational principle is derived for nonconservative systems.
Number of zeros of a complex polynomial inside the unit circle
- Author(s): S. Barnett
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 164 –165
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700116
- Type: Article
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p.
164
–165
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A very simple method is given for constructing a matrix whose principal minors are equal to the minors in the Schur-Cohn theorem for determining the number of zeros of a complex polynomial inside the unit circle.
Modified application of describing functions in the determination of limit cycles for relay systems
- Author(s): I.M. Dow
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 165 –166
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700117
- Type: Article
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p.
165
–166
(2)
A modified method for the study of limit cycles in relay systems using a describing-function approach is presented. Results of applying the method in three systems are quoted. The method is appropriate for situations in which the normal describing function approach fails to predict a limit cycle.
Saturation in bipolar transistors
- Author(s): M.J. Buckingham and E.A. Faulkner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 167 –169
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700118
- Type: Article
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p.
167
–169
(3)
A computer solution is obtained for the voltage drop across a saturated transistor as a function of IC/IB, on the assumption that the emitter and collector currents may each be expressed as a superposition of three voltage-dependent terms. The result, showing good agreement with experiment, is a family of curves with the base current as the variable parameter.
Two-dimensional computer analysis of dielectric-surface-loaded GaAs bulk element
- Author(s): S. Kataoka ; H. Tateno ; M. Kawashima ; M. Morisue
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 169 –171
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700119
- Type: Article
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p.
169
–171
(3)
Computer analysis based on a 2-dimensional model was performed to investigate the effect of dielectric surface loading on the growth of dipole domains in a GaAs bulk element. The results show that a dipole domain originally produced by an inhomogeneity in GaAs is prevented from developing, as most of the space charges are concentrated near the surface boundary of GaAs by the presence of dielectric material.
New high-frequency high-coupling low-beam-steering cut for acoustic surface waves on LiNbO3
- Author(s): A.J. Slobodnik and E.D. Conway
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 171 –173
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700120
- Type: Article
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p.
171
–173
(3)
The existence of a new high-frequency high-coupling low-beam-steering cut for acoustic-surface-wave propagation on LiNbO3 has been theoretically predicted and experimentally verified. 50Ω operation with 10% bandwidth has been demonstrated under completely untuned conditions at 1130 MHz.
Two universal transformations for commensurate distributed circuits
- Author(s): R. Sato
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 173 –174
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700121
- Type: Article
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p.
173
–174
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Two universal transformations for commensurate distributed circuits are presented. The transformations are particularly useful in the analysis and synthesis of coupled transmission-line circuits
Unconstrained minimisation by the method of conjugate gradients
- Author(s): E. Kraemer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 174 –175
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700122
- Type: Article
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p.
174
–175
(2)
A computer program for the minimisation of functions is described which is primarily useful for unconstrained-minimisation problems, though it can be used for certain constrained-minimisation problems. The program is written in ASA FORTRAN IV.
Noise in InSb double-injection space-charge-limited diodes
- Author(s): J.H. Liao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 175 –176
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700123
- Type: Article
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p.
175
–176
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Noise measurement in InSb double-injection space-charge-limited diodes shows that, at frequencies ω ≫ 1/τ, where τ is the lifetime of the carriers, the noise can be represented approximately by thermal noise of the high-frequency conductance g.
Proposed dislocation theory of burst noise in planar transistors
- Author(s): A. Luque ; J. Mulet ; T. Rodriguez ; R. Segovia
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 176 –178
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700124
- Type: Article
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p.
176
–178
(3)
Several experiments show that burst noise is an intermittent large-scale recombination; its rate of occurrence depends on mechanical stresses. Moving dislocations acting as large-scale recombination centres explain the burst-noise characteristics. From experiment, the cause of dislocation motion seems to be momentum transfer from the emitter current.
Similarities in the electromagnetic behaviour of optical waveguides and corrugated feeds
- Author(s): P.J.B. Clarricoats
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 178 –180
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700125
- Type: Article
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p.
178
–180
(3)
Important similarities are described in the electromagnetic behaviour of optical waveguides, comprising concentric dielectric cylinders of slightly different refractive index, and corrugated circular waveguide feeds for microwave antennas. It is shown that, subject to approximations, which are justified in many applications, the eigenvalue equations for the two structures have the same form. Similarities in their radiation characteristics are discussed, also in the excitation efficiencies of focusing systems employing either type of structure at the focus.
Optical imaging and far-field pattern simulation of a microwave-illuminated aperture by a microwave hologram
- Author(s): D.N. Swingler and A.P. Anderson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 180 –182
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700126
- Type: Article
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p.
180
–182
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The near radiation field of a microwave-illuminated aperture is mapped by a perturbation element and processed to yield a microwave hologram. Optical signal processing of the hologram yields an image of the aperture and its associated far-field pattern.
Correlation between Karnaugh-map patterns and Chow parameters for 3-variable linearly separable (threshold) functions
- Author(s): S.L. Hurst
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 182 –183
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700127
- Type: Article
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p.
182
–183
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All possible linearly separable Boolean functions may be geometrically characterised by certain patterns on Karnaugh-map layouts, or mathematically characterised by the magnitude of their Chow parameters. Correlation between these two characterisations is shown to be that the Karnaugh-map patterns represent all possible permutations of the Chow parameters.
Allpass networks using Wien's bridge
- Author(s): P. Williams
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 183 –185
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700128
- Type: Article
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p.
183
–185
(3)
A general circuit configuration is developed from Wien's bridge which includes two previously described allpass filters. The rate at which the phase changes with frequency may be widely varied. One version has a transfer function whose magnitude is unity for all frequencies and rates of change of phase.
Notch filters using Wien's bridge
- Author(s): P. Williams
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 185 –186
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700129
- Type: Article
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p.
185
–186
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A series of notch filters is developed from a previously described general circuit. The sharpness of tuning is controllable over a wide range by a single resistor without change in the notch frequency. In one version, the transfer function approaches unity at frequencies well away from the notch.
Bandpass filters using Wien's bridge
- Author(s): P. Williams
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 186 –187
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700130
- Type: Article
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p.
186
–187
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Bandpass transfer functions are obtained from an active circuit using Wien's bridge and a single operational amplifier. The Q factor is controllable by a single resistance independently of the resonant frequency, and one version of the circuit has a low output impedance.
Alternative allpass networks using Wien's bridge
- Author(s): P. Williams
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, page: 188 –188
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700131
- Type: Article
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p.
188
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A set of active allpass networks is described which includes one recently described. The advantages of the new networks are outlined and the set is related to other allpass networks.
L.S.A. oscillation in coaxial-line circuit
- Author(s): K.W.H. Foulds
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, p. 189 –190
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700132
- Type: Article
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p.
189
–190
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Experiments using GaAs diodes in a variable-length coaxial cavity have shown the existence of two modes of oscillation dependent on the applied bias voltage and the length of the cavity. The higher-frequency mode was thought to be l.s.a. The effective diode capacitance was 1.6 times the cold capacitance, and N/f for the fundamental frequency of oscillation was less than 2×105 cm−3 s.
Erratum: Stability of feedback systems containing a single monotonic nonlinearity
- Author(s): I.J. Nagrath and R.S. Baheti
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, page: 192 –192
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700133
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Simple method of closed-loop system-matrix assignment
- Author(s): B. Porter and T.R. Crossley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, page: 192 –192
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700134
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Modification of the p.r.b.n. crosscorrelation method to correct for the effect of nonlinearity
- Author(s): R.F. Brown
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, page: 192 –192
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700135
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Equivalent circuit of transistor mixer
- Author(s): K. Kishan Rao and S. Venkateswaran
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, page: 192 –192
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700136
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Mismatched linear active 2-ports
- Author(s): S. Venkateswaran and V.P. Namjoshi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 6, page: 192 –192
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700137
- Type: Article
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