Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 6, Issue 5, 5 March 1970
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Volume 6, Issue 5
5 March 1970
Relationship between controllability and closed-loop system-matrix assignment
- Author(s): T.R. Crossley and B. Porter
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 117 –118
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700080
- Type: Article
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–118
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In the letter, the relationship between the design of closed-loop systems by system-matrix assignment and by eigenvalue assignment is demonstrated.
Current fluctuations caused by frequency variations in Gunn diodes
- Author(s): G.S. Hobson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 118 –119
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700081
- Type: Article
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–119
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Measurements have been made of the current modulation of a Gunn diode by external frequency modulation. The current modulation varied between 10−6 and 10−3 A/MHz for various cavity conditions. This is smaller than the current noise observed by Faulkner and Meade. It is concluded that the current noise observed in their experiments was not caused simply by the frequency fluctuation.
Resistive parametric mixing in GaAs oscillators at microwave frequencies
- Author(s): P.N. Robson and N. Hashizume
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 120 –121
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700082
- Type: Article
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–121
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Resistive mixing in GaAs between a suitably biased microwave pump signal and a small signal at the first subharmonic of the pump is shown to result in an effective negative mobility at the signal frequency. The implications are discussed.
Commutative controller: a new technique for the design of multivariable control systems
- Author(s): A.G.J. MacFarlane
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 121 –123
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700083
- Type: Article
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–123
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If a linear time-invariant multiple-input multiple-output plant is represented by a square transfer-function matrix G(s), a spectral analysis may be carried out to determine a set of system characteristic transfer functions. A multivariable feedback controller may then be synthetised by first designing a set of single-loop controllers for these characteristic systems, and then transforming the results to obtain the required multivariable controller.
Characteristic impedances of coupled strip transmission lines
- Author(s): W. Braeckelmann and R. Roeder
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 123 –124
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700084
- Type: Article
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–124
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Even- and odd-mode characteristic impedances are calculated for two strip transmission lines; their variations are shown for the case when the striplines, starting from broad-side with a coupling factor k>1, are removed from each other until they are in a fully decoupled state.
Networks for annulling gain and delay inequalities
- Author(s): J.D. Brownlie
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 124 –125
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700085
- Type: Article
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124
–125
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Descriptions are given of passive even-echo-pair and odd-echo-pair networks suitable for the separate annulling of chrominance-luminance gain and delay inequalities arising in television links. Both circuits are constructed by modifying a passive lumped-element delay section.
Nonlinear analysis of a balanced diode modulator
- Author(s): T.B.M. Neill
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 125 –128
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700086
- Type: Article
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Equations describing the performance of a balanced diode modulator are solved by an iterative process and the fast Fourier transform is used to obtain the spectrum of the output. The analysis provides an interesting example of the extension, to large-signal applications, of the method of solution recently described for quasilinear systems.
Theory of 1/f noise in bipolar silicon planar transistors
- Author(s): J.C. Martin ; D. Esteve ; G. Blasquez ; J.M. Ribeyrol
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 128 –130
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700087
- Type: Article
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–130
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A theory of 1/f low-frequency noise in silicon planar transistors is developed. It relates this noise to fluctuations in base current produced by fluctuations of occupied traps in the silicon dioxide. It is shown that the theoretical relationship of noise is consistent with experiment.
End effect in parallel-coupled transmission-line filters
- Author(s): M.A. Halim and M.A.K. Hamid
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 130 –131
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700088
- Type: Article
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–131
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The response of two single-section stripline filters constructed without applying Cohn's correction for fringing capacitance effects is examined. It is concluded that the shift of centre frequency is predictable and can be turned to advantage to construct a filter with multisection characteristics.
Stability of model-reference systems with random impulsive inputs
- Author(s): P.C. Parks and D.J.G. James
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 131 –132
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700089
- Type: Article
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The stability of the gain-adjusting loop of a simple model-reference adaptive-control system is investigated. The input to system and model is a sequence of impulses of random magnitude. The resulting behaviour is determined by an infinite product, and from this a necessary and sufficient criterion for the stability of the adaptive-loop gain is deduced.
Cellular fixed-point/floating-point convertor
- Author(s): L. Frécon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 132 –133
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700090
- Type: Article
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–133
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A convertor, built using only a transistor coding matrix and two types of cell (a routing cell, and a ‘left-hand most-significant-bit’ detecting cell), is described. Number handling is combinatorial and uses neither clock nor pulses.
Feasibility of using digital filters to interconnect p.c.m. and f.d.m. transmission systems
- Author(s): J.E. Flood and P. Onn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, page: 134 –134
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700091
- Type: Article
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A time-division multiplex (t.d.m.) and a frequency-division multiple (f.d.m.) system may be interconnected by means of gates and lowpass filters. The use of digital filters (d.f.s) for this purpose appears attractive when the t.d.m. system uses pulse-code modulation (p.c.m.), because digital-analogue and analogue-digital conversion are unnecessary at the interface between the d.f. and the p.c.m. system. The problems involved in applying d.f.s in this application are discussed. It is concluded that the interconnection of p.c.m. systems with f.d.m. systems using quite low carrier frequencies requires the development of digital circuits operating at several hundred megahertz.
Microcircuit learning nets: Hamming-distance behaviour
- Author(s): I. Aleksander
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 134 –136
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700092
- Type: Article
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–136
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A probabilistic method based on the Hamming distance is presented for calculating the pattern-recognition response of a class of single-layer microcircuit learning nets. The prediction of the behaviour of a 12-element machine is shown to agree with measured responses. The method is also used to explain the characteristics of nets trained on translated versions
Elimination of time delay from shaft-position or speed transducer outputs
- Author(s): G. Sheard
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 136 –137
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700093
- Type: Article
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–137
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The output of angle transducers, including those used for synchronous-generator rotor angles, need to be filtered to give a d.c. signal, and a filter limits the transient response. The letter shows that, if the speed is also available as a d.c. signal, for example from the filtered output of some form of tachometer, the filter delay can be eliminated by mixing the angle and speed signals in proper transient and steady-state proportions. This mixing requires an operational amplifier. A delay-free speed signal can also be achieved, provided that a separate accelerometer signal is available.
Some observations on the writing-speed performance of cathodochromic cathode-ray tubes
- Author(s): H.C.A. Hankins and I.S. Torsun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 137 –138
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700094
- Type: Article
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–138
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The writing speed of cathodochromic cathode-ray tubes appears to have an optimum performance at high accelerating voltages. It is believed that, at these voltages, the coloration of cathodochromic material produced by an electron beam is enhanced by X rays, the effect being clearly demonstrated as the acceleration voltage is increased from a relatively low value up to, and above, the voltage at which X rays are generated.
Varactor-tuned Gunn-effect oscillator
- Author(s): R.B. Smith and P.W. Crane
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 139 –140
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700095
- Type: Article
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–140
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The oscillator comprises a parallel combination of diodes series mounted in the centre conductor of a coaxial-line cavity. Cavity-mode charts illustrate the effect of varactor loss. Results confirm the existence of three of the predicted modes. In one mode, the tuning range is 1.1 GHz at X band.
Observation of low-frequency oscillations in gallium-arsenide avalanche diodes
- Author(s): L.J. Auchterlonie ; D.V. Eddolls ; P.M. White
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 140 –141
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700096
- Type: Article
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140
–141
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The operation of gallium-arsenide avalanche-diode oscillators in a low-frequency mode is reported. The onset of oscillation is accompanied by a significant decrease in the direct voltage across the diode which is characteristic of TRAPATT operation. Pulsed output powers of 880 mW with 3.5% efficiency at 1.5 GHz have been obtained.
Electro-optic relaxation effect in ZnS
- Author(s): D.C. Doughty and J.M. Ley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 141 –142
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700097
- Type: Article
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–142
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A relaxation effect in natural crystals of cubic ZnS, seen during d.c. measurement of the electro-optic coefficient at a wavelength of 0.6328 μm, is explained in terms of photo-electrically induced space charge. The effect is not evident at low light levels, or at wavelengths remote from the absorption edge of this semiconductor material.
Method of reducing the f.m. threshold using a tracking N-path filter
- Author(s): R.C.V. Macario and S. Patel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 142 –143
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700098
- Type: Article
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–143
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A self-synchronised N-path filter is used to track the instantaneous incoming f.m. carrier. As a result of the narrow bandwidth, a marked reduction of the f.m. threshold, for all f.m. modulation indices, is achieved. The system is described briefly.
Economic linear-phase recursive digital filters
- Author(s): P.A. Lynn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 143 –145
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700099
- Type: Article
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–145
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This letter describes the design by z plane methods of an attractive class of recursive digital filters. The computational economy achieved by recursive operation is further enhanced by the use of integer weighting coefficients, making the filters particularly suitable for online processing of sampled-data signals.
External current-waveform measurements of high-efficiency oscillations in silicon avalanche diodes
- Author(s): C.P. Snapp
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, p. 145 –147
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700100
- Type: Article
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–147
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A coaxial current-monitoring assembly, introducing negligible phase error up to 9 GHz, has enabled the precise determination of high-efficiency current waveforms in Si avalanche diodes. No deterioration of performance occurred for diode areas <10−4cm2. Observed waveforms were of ‘spike’ or ‘sawtooth’ shape.
Erratum: Propagation characteristics of inhomogeneous dielectric-filled coaxial cables
- Author(s): B. Chambers
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, page: 148 –148
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700101
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Least pth and minimax objectives for automated network design
- Author(s): A. Sevoria ; M. Sablatash ; J.W. Bandler
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, page: 148 –148
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700102
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Magnetostatic surface modes of a y.i.g. slab
- Author(s): M. Sparks
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 5, page: 148 –148
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700103
- Type: Article
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