Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 6, Issue 4, 19 February 1970
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Volume 6, Issue 4
19 February 1970
Novel technique for improving the frequency stability of Gunn oscillators
- Author(s): P.S. Kooi and D. Walsh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 85 –86
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700055
- Type: Article
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p.
85
–86
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The frequency stability of a Gunn oscillator employing waveguide below cutoff as a resonator is investigated over the temperature range 20–100°C. A novel technique is described for improving the frequency stability of the oscillator. Experimental results using the negative temperature coefficient of the permittivity of titania are presented in support of this method.
General sensitivity-reduction criterion for single-input multiple-output systems
- Author(s): D.C. Reddy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 86 –87
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700056
- Type: Article
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p.
86
–87
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Cruz and Perkins, and Porter, have obtained a sufficient condition for the reduction of sensitivity in linear multi-variable systems while maintaining system terminal invariance. However, it may not always be possible to specify compensators which maintain system terminal equivalence and yet reduce system sensitivity. The letter is an attempt to obtain a sufficient condition for the reduction of sensitivity without any such constraints.
Transition ratio of lowpass digital filters
- Author(s): A.G. Constantinides
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 87 –89
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700057
- Type: Article
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p.
87
–89
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The application of spectral transformations to digital filters has the effect of changing the transition ratio of the original filter. This phenomenon is examined in the letter and closed-form formulas are derived for the lowpass case.
Probability-density functions of summed m sequences
- Author(s): A.C. Davies
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 89 –90
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700058
- Type: Article
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p.
89
–90
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The letter discusses and extends results published by Healy concerning probability-density functions obtainable from a special form of summation of delayed m sequences. A simpler method of calculation is derived.
Inversion of complex matrices
- Author(s): T.R. Crossley and B. Porter
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 90 –91
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700059
- Type: Article
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p.
90
–91
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The letter is concerned with the problem of inverting complex matrices of the form (A+iB) which frequently occur in systems theory. In particular, sufficient conditions for the nonsingularity of (A+iB) are presented for the cases when A is singular, B is singular, and both A and B are singular.
Conductivity of electrically switching chalcogenide glass
- Author(s): J.C. Male
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 91 –92
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700060
- Type: Article
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p.
91
–92
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Electrical-conductivity measurements are reported for the material As30Te48Si12Ge10 used in glass switching diodes. The conductivity at 1000 K is more than three orders of magnitude greater than is predicted by simple extrapolation of the room-temperature behaviour. The measured parameters are adequate to account for the observed ‘on’-state resistance and subnanosecond switching times of the diodes according to a model in which thermal runaway initiates discharge of the self capacitance.
Formulation for a generalised network in terms of the Hamiltonian energy function
- Author(s): N. Sen and F.J. Evans
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 92 –93
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700061
- Type: Article
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p.
92
–93
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A set of equations is derived from consideration of a variational index and the topological description of a network. These equations converge to the Hamiltonian form in the conservative case.
Discrete optimal feedback control of blending processes
- Author(s): C.E. Hubaut
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 93 –95
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700062
- Type: Article
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p.
93
–95
(3)
Digital control of blending processes with constraints has been mostly limited to steady-state solution. A recurrence method is proposed to allow a discrete feedback optimal structure based on an incremental model of the process where inequality linear constraints and pure dead times can be present. Residual mean errors are further reduced by an additional cumulative correction.
Method of generating low-sensitivity RC active circuits
- Author(s): A.E. Robinson and A.E. Methiwalla
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 95 –97
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700063
- Type: Article
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p.
95
–97
(3)
A flexible method of generating low-sensitivity RC active circuits is described. An artifice is used to derive two equations from a given transfer function, and these equations are represented by a signal-flow graph which can be manipulated to a form which indicates a desirable circuit. Illustrative examples are given, and a solution to an important practical problem is outlined.
Diversity of modulation—a new concept in communication technology
- Author(s): N.P. Murarka
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 97 –98
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700064
- Type: Article
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97
–98
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A new concept called ‘diversity of modulation’ has been presented. Its purpose is to reduce the fading range of the signals received through a time-varying multipath transmission medium. A digital-communication system with N-order diversity utilising this concept has also been described, and its performance is compared with the conventional diversity systems.
Hakim-theory transfer-function sensitivity
- Author(s): R.W. Newcomb
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 98 –100
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700065
- Type: Article
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p.
98
–100
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It is shown that, along with the pole-position sensitivity, the transfer-function sensitivity (and, similarly, the Q and wn sensitivities) can be arbitrarily assigned using the Hakim theory for 2nd-degree transfer functions.
X band Gunn oscillators triggered by baseband Gunn diodes
- Author(s): W. Fallmann ; H.L. Hartnagel ; G.P. Srivastava
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, page: 100 –100
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700066
- Type: Article
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A 155 μm-long Gunn diode produces output pulses of 1.5 V amplitude in resistive loading. These pulses are used to trigger a transistor multivibrator and an X band Gunn oscillator.
Lossless multiports with terminations in synthesis problems
- Author(s): N.K. Bose and A.M. Soliman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 100 –102
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700067
- Type: Article
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p.
100
–102
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Use of lossless multiports with terminations in the synthesis of multivariable positive real functions is discussed. An example is included to illustrate the exploitation of the degrees of freedom in multiterminated-lossless-multiport synthesis.
Frequency multiplication using the properties of an angle-modulated wave
- Author(s): E.M. Bliss
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 102 –103
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700068
- Type: Article
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p.
102
–103
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Frequency multiplication by an integral number is inherent in the spectrum of an angle-modulated wave. A system using this property is described, which enables very high orders of frequency multiplication to be achieved, with minimum circuit complexity and maximum tolerance to component variation.
Enumeration of trees of a graph
- Author(s): V.V. Bapeswara Rao and V.G.K. Murti
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 103 –104
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700069
- Type: Article
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p.
103
–104
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The enumeration of the trees having the same number of edges as the rank of the characteristic submatrix Bf12 of a graph by a computer program is described, using the fact that the non-singular submatrices of the characteristic part of the fundamental cutset matrix relative to a tree uniquely correspond to the other trees of a graph.
Enumeration of all circuits or cutsets of a graph
- Author(s): V.V. Bapeswara Rao and V.G.K. Murti
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 104 –105
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700070
- Type: Article
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p.
104
–105
(2)
A computer program for the enumeration either of all the circuits or of all the cutsets of a nonoriented graph is described. It can be easily adapted for use with oriented graphs and for the enumeration of Hamilton circuits.
Improving the efficiency of Laplace-transform inversion for network analysis
- Author(s): M. Silverberg
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 105 –106
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700071
- Type: Article
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p.
105
–106
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An efficient method is indicated for inverting Laplace transforms using the fast Fourier transform. Sources of error are identified as well as the manner in which the parameters involved control them. It is shown how weighting of the Fourier coefficients can be used to improve numerical efficiency.
Ground-wave attenuation function for a Gaussian modulated carrier signal
- Author(s): J.R. Wait
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 106 –107
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700072
- Type: Article
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p.
106
–107
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The time-harmonic theory of ground-wave propagation is generalised to the time domain for a Gaussian modulated carrier signal. The model is a vertical electric dipole located on a flat imperfectly conducting earth. It is shown that the radiated field is characterised by a modified Sommerfeld-type attenuation function with a time-dependent ‘numerical distance’.
Current/voltage characteristics, channel pinchoff and field dependence of carrier velocity in silicon insulated-gate field-effect transistors
- Author(s): G.T. Wright
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 107 –109
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700073
- Type: Article
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p.
107
–109
(3)
It is shown that charge carriers moving in the surface channel reach their scattering-limited drift velocity as the current reaches its saturation value. A longitudinal velocity/field relationship is proposed for the surface channel, based on that which exists in the bulk lattice. This leads to simple expressions for current and transconductance which agree satisfactorily with experimental data. Theoretical characteristics are presented to illustrate the effects of field dependence of carrier mobility on operating characteristics.
Performance of a d.p.s.k. detector when presented with a distorted signal plus filtered Gaussian noise
- Author(s): T.J. Hewson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 109 –111
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700074
- Type: Article
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p.
109
–111
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A new approach to the problem of analysing differential phase-shift-keyed (d.p.s.k.) systems, in the presence of distortion and filtered noise is described. The result is presented in a form suitable for fast computation, and is shown to agree with previous workers' results for more idealised systems.
Synthesis of lowpass lc ladder networks
- Author(s): D.T. Bickley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 111 –114
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700075
- Type: Article
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p.
111
–114
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A simple verification of the continued-fraction expansion method for the synthesis of simple lowpass LC ladder networks is given. A subroutine to calculate filter components by this method has been written; the subroutine can also be used for testing whether a polynomial is of Hurwitz type or not.
Comments on ‘Simplified model for avalanche-resonance-pumped semiconductor diodes’ [and reply]
- Author(s): W.E. Schroeder ; G.L. Haddad ; B. Hoefflinger ; F. Zappert ; C.P. Snapp
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 114 –116
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700076
- Type: Article
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p.
114
–116
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It is shown here that the high-efficiency results obtained in a recent letter are incorrect.
Erratum: New equivalent circuit of the p-n junction in the frequency-multiplying mode
- Author(s): V. Biró
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, page: 116 –116
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700077
- Type: Article
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Erratum: N-path filter sections with biquadratic transfer functions
- Author(s): W. Saraga
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, page: 116 –116
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700078
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Simple notch filter using a negative-impedance convertor
- Author(s): M.A. Reddy and Y.G. Rao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 4, page: 116 –116
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700079
- Type: Article
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