Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 6, Issue 3, 5 February 1970
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Volume 6, Issue 3
5 February 1970
Simple method for the variational analysis of a generalised N-dielectric-layer transmission line
- Author(s): Y. Chang and I.C. Chang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, p. 49 –50
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700032
- Type: Article
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A simple method which facilitates the variational analysis of a generalised N-layer (dielectric) transmission line is described. The numerical computations of the capacitance, effective permittivity and the characteristic impedance can be easily performed on a digital computer. It should be realised that the method presented in this letter does, indeed, tremendously simplify the formidable task of the determination of the potential distribution function which meets the boundary conditions of the multilayer inhomogeneous dielectric configuration.
Method of obstacle admittance measurement in below-cutoff waveguides
- Author(s): C.K. Mok
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, p. 50 –51
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700033
- Type: Article
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–51
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This letter describes a slotted-line admittance measurement of thin obstacles in waveguides operated below the H10 cutoff frequency. Two measurements are required to yield a result. Experimental results for two different obstacles are given.
Sampled-data precorrection for zero-order hold distortion
- Author(s): J.W.R. Griffiths and M. Tomlinson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, p. 52 –53
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700034
- Type: Article
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A precorrection circuit using only one delay element, with feedback as well as feedforward, is shown to give a better transfer function than the feedforward system described by Galpin. The response approximates to the second-order system described by Henkel et al., which requires two delay elements.
D.C. numerical model for arbitrarily biased bipolar transistors in two dimensions
- Author(s): P. Dubock
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, p. 53 –55
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700035
- Type: Article
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A method for the complete steady-state finite-difference solution of the most general form of the equations governing transistor action in two dimensions is proposed. Attention is drawn to certain computational difficulties and the means of overcoming them. Results of the method for a limited case are reported.
Existence of an overshoot in the step-function response of a linear circuit
- Author(s): R. Genin and L.C. Calvez
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, p. 55 –56
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700036
- Type: Article
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The letter gives a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of an overshoot in the step-function response of a linear circuit. The criterion uses the Laplace transform of the step-function response and not the time function itself.
Optimum subharmonic pumping frequency for parametric tunnel-diode memory arrays
- Author(s): B.S. Thornton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, p. 56 –58
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700037
- Type: Article
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Tunnel-diode parametric phase-locked oscillators may be used as very fast memory elements, and excessive pumping frequencies can be avoided by using subharmonic pumping. The effect of the small capacitive and inductive couplings between diodes used closely in quantity has been investigated. Computed pumping eigenfrequencies for the array can be significantly different from those when coupling effects are neglected.
Program for obtaining exact sensitivity functions
- Author(s): V.A.K. Temple and W.J. Butler
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, p. 58 –60
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700038
- Type: Article
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An algorithm has been devised which derives partial derivatives of network functions with respect to the network parameters exactly and efficiently. The algorithm may be used to evaluatenth-order partial derivatives and corresponding sensitivity functions.
Equivalent circuit for injection-locked negative-resistance oscillators
- Author(s): P. Jochen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, p. 61 –62
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700039
- Type: Article
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Calculations are carried out for a van der Pol type oscillator with external force. It is illustrated how the condition of synchronisation is changed when (i) the admittance of the microwave diode is assumed to consist of an additional voltage-dependent susceptance and (ii) the frequency-determining resonator has a series reactance.
Preswitching behaviour of amorphous chalcogenide semiconductor films
- Author(s): D.L. Thomas and A.C. Warren
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, p. 62 –64
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700040
- Type: Article
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The preswitching nonohmic behaviour of amorphous chalcogenide films is explained by Joule heating with heat flow both parallel and perpendicular to the current. Expressions relating the threshold voltage Vc to the band gap ΔE are consistent with measurements of I/V curves and Vc at elevated pressures; it is inferred that(∂ΔE/∂P)≃−6.6×10−6 eV bar-1
Possibility of application of the Zener diode as a hydrostatic pressure gauge
- Author(s): W. Wlodarski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, p. 64 –66
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700041
- Type: Article
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This letter describes the results of testing the effect of hydro-static pressure up to 8000 atm (̃ 785 MN/m2) on the current/voltage characteristics obtained when using a Zener diode as a hydrostatic pressure gauge with the temperature coefficient of pressure close to zero.
Cellular logical array for nonrestoring square-root extraction
- Author(s): H.H. Guild
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, p. 66 –67
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700042
- Type: Article
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–67
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A known nonrestoring algorithm is presented in a form enabling a fast cellular array to be designed. 2s complement arithmetic is used to effect binary subtractions. The array consists of identical cells, but the interconnection pattern is not iterative.
Frequency response of input impedance implies the distribution of discontinuities of a transmission-line system
- Author(s): J. Detlefsen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, p. 67 –69
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700043
- Type: Article
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From the results of input-impedance measurements of a transmission-line system, the location, nature and magnitude of individual reflections can be calculated by using a finite Fourier transform. Resolution depends only on the frequency range. A computer program calculates and plots the distribution of reflections.
Continuously adaptive echo cancellers
- Author(s): L.K. MacKechnie
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, p. 69 –71
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700044
- Type: Article
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Several solutions to the problem of echo cancellation on voice channels, having characteristics which may vary with a frequency of several hertz, are presented. The results of an analysis which lends itself to several original realisations of a device to achieve the required performance are summarised.
High-efficiency oscillations in gallium-arsenide avalanche diodes
- Author(s): M.G. Cottam
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, p. 71 –73
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700045
- Type: Article
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Some preliminary results are reported for an analytic theory of high-efficiency microwave oscillations in gallium-arsenide avalanche diodes. Design and performance criteria are deduced for p+−n−n+ and n+−p−p+ structures, and a comparison is made with experimental work.
Generalisation of Zubov's construction procedure for Lyapunov functions
- Author(s): D.R. Ferguson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, p. 73 –74
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700046
- Type: Article
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This letter presents a method by which Lyapunov functions can be generated for an n-dimensional nonlinear system. Recursive relationships are derived for the coefficients of a multidimensional power series which are a generalisation of the results of Margolis and Vogt. The solutions for the higher-order coefficients of the series incorporate some useful extensions of the concept of Kronecker matrix products.
Inversion of the nodal-admittance matrix in symbolic form
- Author(s): T. Downs
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, p. 74 –76
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700047
- Type: Article
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A method of inversion of the nodal-admittance matrix in symbolic (i.e. rational-function) form is presented. The derivation demonstrates the suppression of common factors.
Approximate method for the discretisation of continous linear multivariable systems
- Author(s): P.D. Roberts
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, p. 76 –77
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700048
- Type: Article
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The letter describes the application of transform theory to the problem of determining the discrete equivalentx{(k+1)T} = Φ(T)x(kT)+Δ(T)u(kT)of the linear continuous multivariable systemx˙ = Ax+Bu
Phase-variable canonical form for time-varying multivariable systems
- Author(s): E. Freund
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, p. 78 –79
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700049
- Type: Article
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For time-varying multivariable systems, a phase-variable canonical form is presented. In comparison with the form of Luenberger (for time-invariant systems), the present förm is simpler in its structure and requires less computational effort for its determination. This simplification is due to a suitable choice of the order of the subsystems in the phase-variable form. This choice permits a useful subdivision of the control-lability matrix, which serves as the transformation matrix. In this way it is possible to compute directly the coefficients of the phase-variable form using matrices only of the order of the subsystem.
Simple method of closed-loop system-matrix assignment
- Author(s): B. Porter and T.R. Crossley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, p. 79 –80
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700050
- Type: Article
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A simple method of closed-loop system-matrix assignment is presented which also permits the system matrix to possess specific desired eigenvalues of any multiplicity.
Moment equations for stochastic distributed-parameter processes
- Author(s): S. Tzafestas
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, p. 80 –82
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700051
- Type: Article
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Moment equations are derived for a general class of distributed-parameter dynamic processes corrupted by white in time distributed disturbances. An integrodifferential equation for the expected value of an arbitrary functional of the process is first derived simply by using the whiteness property of the stochastic disturbance. In this way there is no need to utilise the forward Kolmogorov's equation, which at present is not available for distributed-parameter processes. The moment equations are then derived as special cases of this functional integrodifferential equation.
Formulation of the state equations by signal-flow graphs
- Author(s): C. Acar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, p. 82 –84
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700052
- Type: Article
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–84
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The method of drawing the signal-flow graph of an active RLC network is discussed and a method to obtain the state equations directly from the signal-flow graph of the network is given.
Erratum: Proposed high-efficiency spherical-reflector antenna
- Author(s): P.J.B. Clarricoats and S.H. Lim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, page: 84 –84
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700053
- Type: Article
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Erratum: General expression for the group delay of digital filters
- Author(s): A.G. Deckzy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 3, page: 84 –84
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700054
- Type: Article
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