Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 6, Issue 22, 29 October 1970
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Volume 6, Issue 22
29 October 1970
Controllability of multivariable systems incorporating integral feedback
- Author(s): B. Porter and H.M. Power
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 689 –690
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700479
- Type: Article
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p.
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–690
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Several conditions are derived which must be satisfied by a linear time-invariant continuous-time system if it is to remain controllable in the presence of feedback involving the integrals of state variables.
Inversion of nodal-admittance matrix for active networks in symbolic form
- Author(s): T. Downs
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 690 –691
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700480
- Type: Article
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p.
690
–691
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A method of inversion of the nodal-admittance matrix in symbolic form suitable for passive networks has been previously presented. Two methods of extension to active networks are discussed.
Apparent interface state density introduced by the spatial fluctuations of surface potential in an m.o.s. structure
- Author(s): R. Castagne and A. Vapaille
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 691 –694
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700481
- Type: Article
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p.
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–694
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The authors report experimental results in support of probabilistic theory to show that spatial fluctuations of the oxide built-in charge are effectively responsible for surface potential fluctuations, which result in an apparent density of interface states increasing with the mean image charge.
Electromagnetic-wave propagation along radially inhomogeneous dielectric cylinders
- Author(s): P.J.B. Clarricoats and K.B. Chan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 694 –695
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700482
- Type: Article
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p.
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–695
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The results of a computational method for determining the propagation characteristics of a radially inhomogeneous dielectric cylinder are presented. A continuous variation in permittivity is represented by means of a staircase function, and the corresponding propagation problem for a cylindrically stratified dielectric is solved using a digital computer. For refractive-index profiles commonly used in optical waveguides, the propagation coefficient differs negligibly from the asymptotic value when the number of layers is equal to five.
Precise p.t.m. control of a ruby laser
- Author(s): T.M. Christmas and C.G. Wildey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 696 –697
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700483
- Type: Article
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p.
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–697
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An accurate and reliable system of pulse-transmission control for a ruby laser is described. Optical pulse powers obtained with this system confirm computations derived from Q switchrate equations.
Electronically tuned filter using p-i-n diodes
- Author(s): C.H. Hamilton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 697 –698
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700484
- Type: Article
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p.
697
–698
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An electronically tuned microwave filter employing p-i-n diodes is described. Experimental results for a 2-section device tuning from 0.8 to 1.2 GHz are given.
Limit-cycle constraints for recursive-digital-filter design
- Author(s): H.A. Ojongbede
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 698 –700
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700485
- Type: Article
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p.
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–700
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Quantisation errors can cause nonlinear oscillations in recursive digital filters if the input signal is low or constant. Limit-cycle constraints are derived in terms of the feedback coefficients, the gain and the sampling ratio. These represent convenient ways of reducing nonlinear effects in the realisation of the recursive digital filter.
Complementary field component of radiation from a Cassegrain subreflector
- Author(s): L. Lewin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 700 –701
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700486
- Type: Article
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–701
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The effect of the induced currents on the subreflector can be evaluated by the method of stationary phase and gives, to a first approximation, the specularly reflected radiation. The radiation at an angle of interest, as thus calculated, is found to be supplemented by the backlobe of the radiation directed at the complementary angle.
Class of linear time-varying discrete systems
- Author(s): S. Ramarajan and S.N. Rao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 701 –702
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700487
- Type: Article
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p.
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A class of linear time-varying discrete systems is considered, and closed-form solutions are obtained in different cases. Some comments on stability are also included.
Broadband high-efficiency frequency triplers
- Author(s): J.C. Redd and K.L. Kotzebue
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 702 –703
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700488
- Type: Article
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Balanced circuits utilising two diodes can be effectively used in the construction of broadband high-efficiency odd-order frequency multipliers. Using this approach, it has been possible to design and construct a frequency tripler at 100 MHz input frequency with a midband efficiency of 70% and a 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 45%.
Pulse measurements with resolution time of 18 ps
- Author(s): F. Meyer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 703 –704
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700489
- Type: Article
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–704
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With a new self sampling system, based on a relay-generator with directional couplers as pulse formers, measurements of the transient response of a system with a time resolution of 18 ps without any jitter are possible. The rise time of the generator is better than 12 ps. The time-scaling factor is obtained by a distance measurement.
Operation of avalanche diodes as c.w. amplifiers at fractions of the transit frequency
- Author(s): B. Culshaw
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 704 –706
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700490
- Type: Article
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p.
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The operation of an avalanche diode as a self-pumped parametric amplifier at low current densities is described. Gains of up to 15 dB are obtained at frequencies of the order of one-quarter of the transit frequency, while the diode is providing its own pump at three-quarters of that frequency. A theory based on utilising a Read-diode approximation to the device is used to calculate the response of such an amplifier, and good agreement is found for both the gain and saturation characteristics of the device.
Obtaining transfer functions with zero steady-state error from impulse responses
- Author(s): J.C. Allwright and S.C. Chuang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 706 –708
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700491
- Type: Article
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p.
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–708
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A technique is presented for obtaining approximations to the transfer function of a plant (by modelling the plant's impulse response by a linear combination of orthonormal functions) so that the steady-state responses of the plant and its approximation are the same for constant input. An example is given.
Frequency-tuning characteristics of waveguide-mounted transferred-electron oscillators
- Author(s): S.J. Fray and B.C. Taylor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 708 –710
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700492
- Type: Article
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p.
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It has been observed that there is an upper frequency limit to the mechanical tuning range of waveguide-mounted oscillators. This limit has been identified as being due to a transverse resonance of coaxial type along the diode mounting post. Reduction in waveguide height is shown to raise the transverse-resonance frequency to a limit determined by the encapsulation and diode parameters.
New type of Rayleigh-wave transducer on piezoelectric ceramics
- Author(s): H. Thomann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 710 –711
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700493
- Type: Article
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p.
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–711
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An interdigital transducer on a piezoelectric ceramic with the polarisation directed from one comb to the other is described. The efficiency is determined by complex-admittance measurements.
Equivalent-circuit representation for stably propagating domains in bulk GaAs
- Author(s): A.C. Kak ; R.L. Gunshor ; C.P. Jethwa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 711 –712
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700494
- Type: Article
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p.
711
–712
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It has been shown that the often-employed equivalent-circuit representation for a stably propagating domain is not consistent with the experimental observations of transient behaviour of Gunn diodes.
Decoding the Johnson code by 2-output comparator circuits
- Author(s): R.M.H. Cheng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 713 –714
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700495
- Type: Article
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p.
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The problem of decoding the n-bit Johnson code to decimal numbers is discussed. For an odd number n, a systematic procedure is possible utilising n 2-input 2-output comparator circuits. A theorem is stated and proved for the nonexistence of such a procedure when n is even.
Relative stability of sampled-data control systems by hodograph method
- Author(s): S.C. Tsai and P.R. Ukrainetz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 714 –715
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700496
- Type: Article
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p.
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The hodograph method is used to investigate the relative stability of sampled-data control systems. Relative stability is considered in terms of settling time and relative damping of the system. The value of gain or any other system parameter giving the marginal relative stability can be readily determined using the method presented.
Computing the coefficients of high-order polynomials
- Author(s): M.H. Ackroyd
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 715 –717
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700497
- Type: Article
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p.
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–717
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A procedure for computing the coefficients of a polynomial from its roots, based on the discrete Fourier transform, is presented. The scheme gives acceptable accuracy even when used with polynomials of very high order, in contrast to the standard computational method.
Hybrid-tee coupled oscillators
- Author(s): G.V. Welch and T.K. Ishii
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 717 –718
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700498
- Type: Article
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p.
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–718
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When two oscillators are coupled by a hybrid tee, if properly adjusted, combined power is greater than the sum of individual maximum power. For example, at 7 GHz, when two reflex klystrons, of 1.4 W and 1.2 W respectively, are combined, 3.4 W output is produced.
Delay of magnetostatic surface waves in y.i.g.
- Author(s): J.D. Adam
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 718 –720
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700499
- Type: Article
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The time delay of magnetostatic surface waves is studied experimentally and theoretically, and the effect of chemical polishing on the attenuation of the waves investigated.
Gaussian beams in anisotropic media
- Author(s): H. Ermert
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 720 –721
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700500
- Type: Article
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The letter presents a simplified analysis which enables a calculation of the behaviour of Gaussian beams in anisotropic media starting from Maxwell's equations. This method is applicable to uniaxially and biaxially anisotropic media as well as to gyrotropic media.
Optimality and closed-loop pole positions for single-input systems
- Author(s): F. Fallside and H. Seraji
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, p. 721 –723
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700501
- Type: Article
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The necessary and sufficient condition for the optimality of closed-loop single-input systems is obtained from the location of the closed-loop poles. Three lemmas are developed which decide whether a feedback shifting the open-loop poles parallel to either axis in the s plane is optimal or not. In addition, the performance index is determined for optimal single-input systems.
Erratum: Microstrip TRAPATT oscillator
- Author(s): W.J. Chudobiak
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 22, page: 724 –724
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700502
- Type: Article
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