Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 6, Issue 18, 3 September 1970
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Volume 6, Issue 18
3 September 1970
Mode-propagation in optical waveguides
- Author(s): A.W. Snyder
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, p. 561 –562
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700390
- Type: Article
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p.
561
–562
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The modal fields and propagation coefficients of a 4-region optical waveguide with diffused boundaries are determined using conventional perturbation theory.
Possible use of pilot signals to indicate delay distortion in operating f.m.-f.d.m. radio systems
- Author(s): G. Rosman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, p. 562 –563
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700391
- Type: Article
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p.
562
–563
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Pilot tones normally used in f.m.-f.d.m. transmission allow propagation distortion to be estimated on each path of an operating system. The phases of the 1st-order sidebands relative to the carrier provide a finite-difference approximation to the gradient of group delay with frequency.
Radiocommunication in mines and tunnels
- Author(s): D.J.R. Martin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, p. 563 –564
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700392
- Type: Article
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563
–564
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The transmission-line or ‘leaky-feeder’ principle for propagating radio signals in tunnels is being studied and developed to provide the extended range necessary in large coal mines. Findings so far have enabled a prototype 2-way system to be engineered, and the techniques have application to other long tunnels.
Influence of eddy currents on switching process of dry reeds
- Author(s): W. Gruszczyński ; J. Hryńczuk ; H.J. Wierzba
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, p. 564 –565
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700393
- Type: Article
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–565
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The influence of eddy currents in reeds on their release time is analysed.
Effect of sheaths on the capacitance of a plane grid capacitor in a plasma
- Author(s): I.L. Freeston
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, p. 565 –567
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700394
- Type: Article
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565
–567
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An experimental investigation of the capacitance of a grid capacitor shows that the minimum sheath occurs for the grids biased to space potential. Above space potential, the sheath is attributed to electron acceleration, and a simple calculation shows that this effect is of the right magnitude.
Field-enhanced conductivity effects in thin chalcogenide-glass switches
- Author(s): A.C. Warren and J.C. Male
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, p. 567 –569
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700395
- Type: Article
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567
–569
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The anomalous behaviour of chalcogenide-glass switches, in the thin-film limit, is incorporated into the electrothermal switching model by taking account of both temperature and field dependences of the electrical conductivity. Calculations of the critical field as a function of temperature and thickness are compared with experimental observations.
Current pulses due to discharges in a gaseous cavity in solid dielectric
- Author(s): J.S.T. Charters ; S.A. Roaldset ; B. Salvage
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, p. 569 –570
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700396
- Type: Article
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–570
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Experiments using a technique incorporating a microstrip transmission line have shown that the rise time of the initial current pulses due to discharges in a gaseous cavity of depth 0.05 mm in solid dielectric is approximately 250 ps.
Accurate tuning of a laser mode-locking device
- Author(s): W.A. Gambling ; P.J.R. Laybourn ; M.D. Lee ; H. Sunak ; M. Anson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, p. 570 –572
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700397
- Type: Article
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–572
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Two simple methods are described for accurately tuning a mode-locking device for a laser. The first is suitable for an acoustic diffraction cell and involves a simple measurement of the diffracted light. The second can be used with any type of active mode locking and requires only a photodiode and a simple low-frequency spectrum analyser.
Radiation from half-wavelength open-circuit microstrip resonators
- Author(s): B. Easter and R.J. Roberts
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, p. 573 –574
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700398
- Type: Article
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–574
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Calculations are described for the radiation loss of a half-wavelength open-circuit microstrip resonator, and results are given for a range of microstrip effective relative permittivities. Satisfactory correlation with experimental measurements has been obtained, and the method is believed to give a better estimate of radiation loss for this type of resonator than has formerly been available.
Hansen–Woodyard condition as applied to Yagi aerials
- Author(s): P. Miller
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, p. 574 –575
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700399
- Type: Article
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–575
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Yagi aerials do not conform to the Hansen–Woodyard condition. A modification of this condition is proposed.
Error rate for envelope-detected on–off keying in the presence of interference
- Author(s): I.M. Richmond and Chan Kei Biu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, p. 575 –576
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700400
- Type: Article
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–576
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The effects of an interfering carrier and Gaussian noise on envelope-detected on–off keying are analysed. Optimum decision levels with their resulting error rates were found numerically and are presented for a range of interference and noise levels.
Low-noise cryogenic amplifier based on the Josephson effect
- Author(s): A. van der Ziel and H.M. Choe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, p. 576 –577
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700401
- Type: Article
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–577
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It is shown that an amplifier based on f.m. modulation of the frequency generated by a Josephson junction can have a very low-noise figure, and that it can handle voltages as small as 10−12 V.
Location of an irregularity in a microwave array by optical signal processing of its microwave hologram
- Author(s): A.P. Anderson and D.N. Swingler
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, p. 577 –578
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700402
- Type: Article
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p.
577
–578
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It is demonstrated that an irregularity in a microwave array can be diagnosed optically from its microwave hologram with the aid of a complex spatial filter which stores the elemental far-field pattern. This process yields information about the original object which may not be readily apparent in the direct optical image and far-field pattern.
Efficient calculation of curvature in state and parameter estimation
- Author(s): R.F. Brown and G.C. Goodwin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, p. 579 –580
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700403
- Type: Article
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p.
579
–580
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Results on the calculation of gradient in state and parameter estimation, contained in a recent letter, are extended to curvature calculation.
Testing the controllability of linear time-invariant systems
- Author(s): M.V. Bhandarkar and M.M. Fahmy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, p. 580 –581
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700404
- Type: Article
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p.
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–581
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A method for studying the controllability of a linear time-invariant system by considering the controllability of a smaller subsystem is proposed. The method is most effective when the system under study has a large number of inputs and states.
Extended interpretation of a Steiglitz–Zemanian lemma on positive real functions
- Author(s): S. Tirtoprodjo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, p. 581 –583
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700405
- Type: Article
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581
–583
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The easy recognisibility of positive reality, contained in a lemma due to Steiglitz and Zemanian for the case of rational functions consisting of a multiple real pole and multiple real zero, will be extended so as to include possible multiple complex poles and zeros. The emphasis will therefore be on multiplicity and complexity, such as may be exhibited by the poles and zeros of immittance functions.
Power–impedance calculations for InP and GaAs bulk-negative-resistance oscillators
- Author(s): S. Geraghty and G. Gibbons
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, p. 583 –584
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700406
- Type: Article
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The d.c.–r.f. conversion efficiencies, microwave output power and r.f. impedance have been calculated for InP and GaAs bulk-negative-resistance oscillators (l.s.a. mode) using theoretical velocity/field characteristics at 300 K and 500 K. The results predict higher efficiency and higher power–impedance products for InP at 500 K.
Relationships between design parameters of very selective filters
- Author(s): V. Belevitch
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, page: 585 –585
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700407
- Type: Article
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p.
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For elliptic lowpass filters of high degree and discrimination and narrow transition interval, the relationship between the design parameters takes a simple form, which is also justified by a direct physical argument.
Quasi-equispaced slot arrays with extremely low crosspolarisation
- Author(s): J. Arnbak
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, p. 585 –587
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700408
- Type: Article
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p.
585
–587
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Crosspolarisation well below the prescribed side-lobe level of a travelling-wave array may be achieved, without using additional discriminating structures, by applying a circular, dielectric-filled waveguide with a sequence of circumferential gaps. Operated in the TM01 mode, a computer-designed X band prototype having a directivity of 27 dB was found to secure crosspolarisation of less than −34 dB.
Laguerre-transform signal analysis
- Author(s): R. Genin and L.C. Calvez
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, p. 587 –588
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700409
- Type: Article
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p.
587
–588
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Simulation of analogue signals by Laguerre-transformation sampling is considered in the letter. It is shown that the Laguerre transform is more convenient than the Poisson transform for signal analysis; indeed, given the Laguerre transform of a signal, one can immediately write the Laguerre expansion of this signal, while, for the Poisson transform, additional and tedious binomial-weighted summations are required. Also, it is shown that the Laguerre transform corresponds to a simple signal measurement.
Buffer-size and waiting-time calculations for random arrivals and periodically regular service
- Author(s): G. Philokyprou and S. Tzafestas
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, p. 588 –590
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700410
- Type: Article
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–590
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The problem of choosing the buffer size for a given waiting time or fractional loss in a situation where the input rate is Poissonian and the output rate is periodically regular is considered. The value of the results lies in that they give a practical way to a compromise between buffer fractional loss and buffer waiting time in those applications where both quantities are of interest. The periodically regular service-time distribution allows for more than one stream of queuing customers to be served by only one servicing channel.
High-frequency equivalent circuits of junction-gate field-effect transistors
- Author(s): P.U. Calzolari ; S. Graffi ; A. Mazzone
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, p. 590 –591
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700411
- Type: Article
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–591
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Series integration of the j.f.e.t. equation makes it possible to obtain a sequence of equivalent circuits of growing complexity and accuracy but of similar structure, valid beyond pinchoff. In particular, a 5-component circuit is proposed which is useful well above the 1/τ0 angular frequency (τ0 being the transit time in the channel) and, moreover, is readily deduced from the traditional 3-component equivalent circuit.
Erratum: Theoretical characteristics of a two-terminal negative dynamic resistance
- Author(s): I.W. Stanley and D.J. Ager
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, page: 592 –592
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700412
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Statistics of tropospheric attenuation at 19 GHz from observations of solar noise
- Author(s): P.G. Davies and J.A. Lane
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, page: 592 –592
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700413
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Current-controlled negative-resistance circuit
- Author(s): I.W. Stanley and D.J. Ager
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 18, page: 592 –592
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700414
- Type: Article
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