Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 6, Issue 15, 23 July 1970
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Volume 6, Issue 15
23 July 1970
Online system identification using matrix pseudoinverse
- Author(s): N.K. Sinha and W. Pille
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 453 –454
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700318
- Type: Article
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p.
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–454
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Recursive algorithms for online identification of discrete-time systems have been described. These provide minimum-norm estimates of the parameter vector when insufficient data are available, and least-squares estimates with sufficient data. Matrix inversion is not required; nor is the a priori knowledge of noise statistics or probability densities of the parameters.
Minimising cochannel interference in television reception
- Author(s): H. Page
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 454 –455
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700319
- Type: Article
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–455
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A method is proposed for minimising cochannel interference in television reception, by introducing a random change in phase of the vision carrier at the beginning either of each field, or each line, of the television picture. Unlike the present system, in which the carrier frequency offsets are related to the picture line frequency, the benefits to be expected from the method described would apply independent of the number of interfering stations. No practical tests on the proposal have yet been made.
Microwave conductivity of thick-film conductors
- Author(s): R.N. Patel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 455 –456
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700320
- Type: Article
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–456
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The letter presents the results of an investigation aimed at minimising losses in thick-film screen-printed microstrip circuits. The Q factor of closed resonators of 30 Ω and 50 Ω impedances has been measured over the 1–10 GHz range. It is found that the effective r.f. conductivity is about one half that of bulk material over the major portion of the band considered.
New explanation of the polarity effect in current collection
- Author(s): A.E. Guile ; A.F.C. Brown ; J.V. Lishman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 456 –457
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700321
- Type: Article
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–457
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The phenomenon of unequal contact voltages at the positive and negative brushes of a sliding current-collection system has previously been explained as being ohmic in nature. Measurements are now presented which suggest that it is due instead to a change in surface potential difference at the metal-gas interface, which occurs even without sliding.
Focusing of radio waves reflected from the ionosphere at low angles of elevation
- Author(s): P.A. Bradley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 457 –458
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700322
- Type: Article
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p.
457
–458
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The mechanisms by which radio waves reflected from the ionosphere experience focusing are discussed. Calculations of this focusing are presented for oblique propagation at low angles of elevation via the E and F layers, and curves for use in prediction studies are given.
Indirect calculation of network-function sensitivities with variations of some network parameters
- Author(s): J. Čajka and J. Valsa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 458 –460
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700323
- Type: Article
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–460
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In the letter an indirect method for calculation of the sensitivity (first order or higher order) of an arbitrary network function to variations of the parameter of some network elements is presented. The variable parameter can be the admittance of a 1-port, the transconductance of a voltage-controlled current source or the amplification of an ideal voltage or current amplifier. The procedure is suitable for computer calculations.
Prime-focus one- and two-hybridmode feeds
- Author(s): B.Maca. Thomas
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 460 –461
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700324
- Type: Article
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–461
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The design of prime-focus feeds, using either one- or two-hybrid modes in circumferentially corrugated waveguides, and their performances when used to illuminate the Parkes 210 ft radiotelescope, are briefly described.
Efficient calculation of gradient in state estimation
- Author(s): R.F. Brown and G.C. Goodwin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 461 –462
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700325
- Type: Article
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–462
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Nearly all the computational time required in digital calculation of the gradient of an error index with respect to initial state is taken up by integration of differential equations. By direct application of the variational calculus, it is shown that the gradient may be calculated by integration of the state equations and costate equations, namely 2n equations. Previously, it has been thought necessary to integrate the n state equations and n2 state-sensitivity equations, namely n2+n equations.
Dielectric Green's function for parameters of microstrip
- Author(s): J.A. Weiss and T.G. Bryant
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 462 –463
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700326
- Type: Article
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–463
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The program generates a data file of the dielectric Green's function in format suitable as input to the program which has been previously deposited in the IEE Program Library for computation of the parameters of microstrip. With the two programs, tables of microstrip parameters can be generated for any value of substrate permittivity. This program also provides the option of including the effect of an upper ground plane. The calculation embodies the quasistatic approximation.
Display of current/voltage relationships in power-transistor circuits operating at v.h.f.
- Author(s): H.W. Rouhof and H.W. Loeb
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 464 –466
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700327
- Type: Article
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–466
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A method for the simultaneous measurement of voltage and current in v.h.f. microstrip circuits, and its application to the display of instantaneous I/V relationships in transistor power amplifiers, is described. The current waveform is obtained by integration of the voltage induced in a stripline coupling loop. Frequency response data are given, together with I/V characteristics for a 175 MHz transmitter output stage under various matching conditions.
Accurate calculation of small-signal growth rates in avalanche diodes
- Author(s): R.L. Wierich
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 466 –468
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700328
- Type: Article
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–468
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The small-signal oscillation frequency and growth rate is calculated for an avalanche diode having a general doping profile, allowing for accurate drift velocity and ionisation rate. The analysis includes the case of a typical microwave load connected to the diode. A connection is found between this accurate growth rate and a properly defined Q factor for the whole circuit.
Design of multiple-input phase-locked oscillator in mutually synchronised system
- Author(s): H. Inose ; T. Saito ; T. Shibuya
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 468 –469
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700329
- Type: Article
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p.
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–469
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The multiple-input phase-locked oscillator used as the clock source of each office in mutually synchronised systems should be designed to obtain a compromise between several conflicting requirements. The stability of the system is needed, although the phase difference between offices should be small, and fast responses to large changes in system parameters are needed, although jitter reduction is required. The letter gives the optimum design parameter to provide a compromise between these requirements. Two schemes for a stabilised variable-frequency oscillator are proposed, together with the results of an experiment which obtained an overall stability of 0.5×10−7.
Diffraction by wide-flare-angle corrugated conical horns
- Author(s): M.S. Narasimhan and B.V. Rao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 469 –471
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700330
- Type: Article
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–471
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Expressions for the diffracted far field of a wide-flare-angle corrugated conical horn (operating on the HE11 mode) have been obtained making use of a simpler expression for the aperture field. Expressions for the radiation pattern and gain reduce to a closed form when the flare (semivertical) angle is less than 30°. The theoretical results are in close agreement with experiment.
Analysis of parallel dry-reed operation
- Author(s): W. Gruszczyński ; J. Hryńczuk ; H.J. Wierzba
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 471 –472
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700331
- Type: Article
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p.
471
–472
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For parallel dry-reed operation, the influence of magnetic asymmetry on their dynamic properties and the ratio of magnetic force in dry reeds with different gaps are analysed.
Process identification with visual interaction between operator and computer
- Author(s): D.C. Williams
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 472 –474
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700332
- Type: Article
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–474
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A method of system identification is introduced which involves an operator in an interactive scheme using a graphic display linked to a hybrid computer. Correlation functions of process input/output data are calculated by the digital computer. A model of the system's dynamics is built on the analogue computer, and the model parameters are adjusted, by visual interaction, to obtain a best-fit identification
Rational approximation to transfer-function matrix of distributed system
- Author(s): V. Zakian
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 474 –476
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700333
- Type: Article
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p.
474
–476
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A solution is given to the problem of finding a matrix of rational functions which is an approximation to the transfer-function matrix of a multivariable system described by a mixed set of partial and ordinary differential equations.
Mesa profiles and edge breakdown of silicon avalanche diodes
- Author(s): A. Calverley ; K.G. Hambleton ; A.M. Wallace ; V.K. Webber
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 476 –478
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700334
- Type: Article
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476
–478
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Scanning-electron micrographs of silicon-mesa diodes show that the simple mesa profile is modified by differential etching due to the built-in field at the p–n junction. Fortunately, the resultant shape is such as to reduce the surface field and allow the stable operation of the diodes beyond avalanche break-down at high power densities and junction temperatures.
Noise measurements of silicon planar microwave transistors in the frequency range 4–8 GHz
- Author(s): W. Kotyczka and M.J.O. Strutt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 478 –479
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700335
- Type: Article
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478
–479
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The noise figure as a function of the reflection coefficient of the source and of the collector current has been measured. The four fundamental noise parameters in the frequency range 4–8 GHz have been determined.
Investigation of deep-depletion régime of m.o.s. structures using ramp-response method
- Author(s): C.D. Bulucea
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 479 –481
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700336
- Type: Article
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–481
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A method is proposed for obtaining the capacitance/voltage characteristics of m.o.s. structures in the deep-depletion régime. The method is based on the current response of the m.o.s. capacitor to a linear ramp voltage. The theory of the method is briefly presented. Experimental results are included. The method is specifically applicable for surface breakdown studies.
Existence of positive periodic solutions of certain ordinary differential equations
- Author(s): M. Kielkiewicz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 481 –482
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700337
- Type: Article
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p.
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The method of ascertaining the existence and uniqueness of positive periodic solutions of certain ordinary differential equations has been presented. A nuclear reactor with negative temperature reactivity coefficient and periodic control reactivity has been considered as an illustrative example.
Exact computation of group delay and its sensitivities using adjoint-network concept
- Author(s): G.C. Temes
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 483 –485
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700338
- Type: Article
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p.
483
–485
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The exact calculation of the group delay and its derivatives is described for active or passive lumped and/or distributed networks. Two simple examples are included to illustrate the application of the method.
Quantitative model for epitaxial-transistor collector characteristics
- Author(s): L.A. Hahn and K.L. Ashley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 485 –487
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700339
- Type: Article
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p.
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–487
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A 1-dimensional transistor model is presented which characterises the variation of collector resistance with two parameters. The mode assumes that lifetime varies inversely with injection level. Calculated collector characteristics and hFE against collector-current curves are compared with experimental results.
Topological and sensitivity formulas for a general nonreciprocal 2-port network
- Author(s): K. Brown
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 487 –489
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700340
- Type: Article
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p.
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–489
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Topological formulas, which involve a minimum of algebraic redundancy, are given for Σ directed-tree Y products and sensitivities for a general nonreciprocal 2-port network.
Effect of state-variable feedback on numerators of transfer functions
- Author(s): H.M. Power
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, p. 490 –491
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700341
- Type: Article
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A general formulation is derived for the effect of the state-variable feedback law u = u0+Ku on the transfer-function numerator matrix N = C adj (sl — A — BK) B, for the system described by the vector-matrix equations dx/dt = Ax+Bu, y = Cx.
Erratum: Computation of mixing coefficients for field-effect transistors with non-square-law transfer characteristics
- Author(s): D.C. Surana and J.G. Gardiner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 15, page: 491 –491
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700342
- Type: Article
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