Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 6, Issue 13, 25 June 1970
Volumes & issues:
-
Volume 59 (2023)
-
Volume 58 (2022)
-
Volume 57 (2021)
-
Volume 56 (2020)
-
Volume 55 (2019)
-
Volume 54 (2018)
-
Volume 53 (2017)
-
Volume 52 (2016)
-
Volume 51 (2015)
-
Volume 50 (2014)
-
Volume 49 (2013)
-
Volume 48 (2012)
-
Volume 47 (2011)
-
Volume 46 (2010)
-
Volume 45 (2009)
-
Volume 44 (2008)
-
Volume 43 (2007)
-
Volume 42 (2006)
-
Volume 41 (2005)
-
Volume 40 (2004)
-
Volume 39 (2003)
-
Volume 38 (2002)
-
Volume 37 (2001)
-
Volume 36 (2000)
-
Volume 35 (1999)
-
Volume 34 (1998)
-
Volume 33 (1997)
-
Volume 32 (1996)
-
Volume 31 (1995)
-
Volume 30 (1994)
-
Volume 29 (1993)
-
Volume 28 (1992)
-
Volume 27 (1991)
-
Volume 26 (1990)
-
Volume 25 (1989)
-
Volume 24 (1988)
-
Volume 23 (1987)
-
Volume 22 (1986)
-
Volume 21 (1985)
-
Volume 20 (1984)
-
Volume 19 (1983)
-
Volume 18 (1982)
-
Volume 17 (1981)
-
Volume 16 (1980)
-
Volume 15 (1979)
-
Volume 14 (1978)
-
Volume 13 (1977)
-
Volume 12 (1976)
-
Volume 11 (1975)
-
Volume 10 (1974)
-
Volume 9 (1973)
-
Volume 8 (1972)
-
Volume 7 (1971)
-
Volume 6 (1970)
-
Volume 5 (1969)
-
Volume 4 (1968)
-
Volume 3 (1967)
-
Volume 2 (1966)
-
Volume 1 (1965)
Volume 6, Issue 13
25 June 1970
Low-cost reciprocal-law circuit
- Author(s): M.H. Liversidge
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, p. 389 –390
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700274
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
389
–390
(2)
The letter describes a circuit designed to operate from a ±12 V power supply over a 7:1 range of input levels, on the principle of a diode function generator whose transfer characteristic, when phase-inverted and added to a constant level, approximates to a reciprocal curve. Diode intrinsic non-linearity significantly improves the smoothness of the transfer function.
Sensitivity-function determination for linear feedback systems
- Author(s): J.C. Allwright
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, p. 390 –391
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700275
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
390
–391
(2)
For linear feedback systems with distinct eigenvalues, a simple method is presented for evaluating the sensitivity functions as a function of initial conditions without using numerical (or analogue) methods for solving the system sensitivity equations.
Analysis of a magnetically tuned coaxial cavity using state-space techniques
- Author(s): I.J.H.S. Moore and J.A.C. Stewart
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, p. 391 –393
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700276
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
391
–393
(3)
This letter presents a quantitative state-space analysis of a magnetically tuned coaxial cavity. The magnetic properties of a ferrite sphere and the behaviour of a coaxial cavity are described by a set of state equations. The resonant frequencies of the cavity-sphere configuration, evaluated using the state equations, show reasonable agreement with measured values.
Criteria for the assessment of transferred-electron materials
- Author(s): J.E. Carroll
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, p. 393 –394
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700277
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
393
–394
(2)
An approximate efficiency analysis is carried out for a transferred-electron material with an arbitrary velocity/field characteristic. This shows that it is not only important to have a high peak/valley ratio if one requires a highly efficient material but also to have a material in which the velocity saturates after the valley. This then provides a basis for comparing different materials.
Measurements of statistical burst-noise characteristics
- Author(s): J. Mulet ; A. Luque ; T. Rodriguez
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, p. 394 –395
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700278
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
394
–395
(2)
In a previous letter, a dislocation model of planar-silicon-transistor burst noise was proposed. The burst statistical parameters have been measured and their dependence on bias is in good agreement with the model.
Direct formulation of the state equations: signal-flow-graph approach in time domain
- Author(s): C. Acar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, p. 395 –397
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700279
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
395
–397
(3)
In the t domain, the drawing of the signal-flow graph by inspection which is very useful in the direct formulation of the state equations of an active RLC network is discussed, and a method to obtain the state equations, based on the drawing of the signal-flow graph and on Mason's gain formula, is given.
New equivalent circuits for elementary piezoelectric transducers
- Author(s): R. Krimholtz ; D.A. Leedom ; G.L. Matthaei
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, p. 398 –399
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700280
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
398
–399
(2)
New equivalent circuits, having several advantages over previous circuits, are presented for three types of piezoelectric transducer: the thickness-expander plate, the end-electroded bar and the side-electroded bar. Each of the circuits involves an electrical network of frequency-dependent components connected to the centre of an acoustic transmission line.
Electronic mode of control to obtain increased torque and improved power factor from an asynchronous machine
- Author(s): J.D. van Wyk
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, p. 399 –401
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700281
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
399
–401
(3)
It is indicated that, by changing the electronic switching mode of the rotor current of an induction machine, it is possible to operate the machine at improved (capacitive) power factors and increased torque, or conversely at lower effective current and capacitive power factors at rated torque.
Excess leakage-current noise in junction field-effect transistors
- Author(s): R.J. Hawkins and G.G. Bloodworth
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, p. 401 –403
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700282
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
401
–403
(3)
Measurements are reported of the excess gate leakage current IG in several n channel f.e.t.s, showing that IG varies exponentially with the inverse square root of the bias voltage between drain and gate. IG shows full shot noise, together with a component of the form Ign2∞IGβ/fα where values of 1.4 and 1.6 have been found for α and β, respectively.
Computation of mixing coefficients for field-effect transistors with non-square-law transfer characteristics
- Author(s): D.C. Surana and J.G. Gardner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, p. 403 –405
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700283
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
403
–405
(3)
A recursive relationship is developed for the computation of coefficients in the polynomial approximation to an f.e.t. transfer characteristic. The analysis is valid for any value of resistance in the source circuit and takes account of practical departures from the idealised square-law relationship which is frequently assumed to represent the device.
Transmission-line analogue of carrier waves in solids
- Author(s): Bong Ho and L. Fanson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, p. 405 –406
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700284
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
405
–406
(2)
A general transmission-line analogue of carrier waves in solids has been developed. Collision and thermal-diffusion effects have been taken into account. This general result will be reduced to the well known transmission-line equivalent for an electron beam in a vacuum if both the collision and thermal effects are neglected and reduced to that of the electroacoustic waves if the carriers in the solid are stationary.
Multioctave tunable 3-port circulator using a y.i.g. sphere
- Author(s): S.R. Longley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, p. 406 –408
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700285
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
406
–408
(3)
A circulator is described using a single-crystal y.i.g. sphere that is magnetically tunable over two octaves. The circulator is derived from an extension of the simple y.i.g. filter in TEM line and provides an insertion loss less than 1.7 dB and isolation greater than 18 dB over this band.
Self and externally pumped second-harmonic generation with silicon avalanche diodes
- Author(s): L.A. Stark
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, p. 408 –409
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700286
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
408
–409
(2)
Self-pumping in a silicon avalanche diode has produced 3% pulsed efficiency at 22.5 GHz, the second harmonic of a ‘trapped’ fundamental. An analogue-computer solution of a simplified Read's equation has shown how the parametric properties of the avalanche process can result in this type of frequency conversion.
Generalisation of the Routh-Hurwitz criterion and its applications
- Author(s): H.H. Hwang and P.C. Tripathi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, p. 410 –411
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700287
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
410
–411
(2)
A generalisation of the Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion for testing the presence of unstable roots of a polynomial with complex coefficients is presented. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the application of the generalisation.
Correction of errors in p.r.b.n. identification
- Author(s): P.S. Ritch ; G.C. Goodwin ; R.D. Bell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, p. 411 –413
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700288
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
411
–413
(3)
When fitting a continuous model to p.r.b.n. results, there are several sources of error. The letter deals with the incorporation of interclock sampling and folding-error corrections for the normal m sequence, the maximally orthogonal sequence and the modified m sequence. It further shows how to correct for d.c. offset errors and for bias and ripple in the autocorrelation function where they occur. A comparison is made between the three sequences using an analogue model and the advantages of each sequence are pointed out.
High-frequency impedance of a practical metal surface and the effect of a thin coating of dielectric over it
- Author(s): H.M. Barlow
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, p. 413 –415
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700289
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
413
–415
(3)
It has always been assumed that the surface of metals used in h.f. cables and waveguides is sufficiently uniform to present an impedance, which is jointly resistive and inductive. The evidence of computations made here and of recent experimental observations incidates that many such surfaces may well be capacitive and that, in these circumstances, a thin dielectric coating can reduce the resistive component of the impedance.
Obtaining the time response of digital systems
- Author(s): J.L. Pokoski and C. Walker
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, page: 415 –415
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700290
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
415
(1)
A program is described which obtains the response at the sampling instants of a pulse transfer function C/R(Z)for any sequence of inputs.
Inductor realisation with a negative-impedance convertor
- Author(s): D. Patranabis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, p. 415 –417
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700291
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
415
–417
(3)
A circuit consisting of a negative-impedance convertor, suitable for the realisation of an inductor, is presented. For a certain circuit condition the realisation is independent of frequency, and by the variation of a single capacitor the inductance value of the inductor can be varied over a wide range while the resistive part remains constant. Both the inductance and the associated resistive part are shown to be frequency-dependent if this condition is not exactly satisfied.
Ultra-broadband transmission-line 90° directional couplers
- Author(s): F. Arndt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, p. 418 –419
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700292
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
418
–419
(2)
In the letter, two new types of couplers are presented: an equal-ripple symmetrical 19-section bandpass coupler, where the bandwidth is more than double the bandwidth of the hitherto known symmetrical couplers, and a nearly equal-ripple continuously tapered highpass symmetrical coupler, where the coupling response shows an ultra-broadband behaviour.
Linear binary anticodes
- Author(s): P.G. Farrell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, p. 419 –421
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700293
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
419
–421
(3)
A method of generating optimum and near-optimum binary block error-control codes is described. The method involves deleting certain columns from known optimum codes; the columns deleted form an anticode. The properties of anti-codes are described, and a Table of optimum anticodes is presented.
Nonsinusoidal waveform constructions for avalanche-diode-oscillation modes
- Author(s): I.W. Mackintosh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, p. 421 –422
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700294
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
421
–422
(2)
A simple model of avalanche-diode operation is developed. By restricting the type of microwave circuit to one which presents to the diode the same resistive impedance at the fundamental and all harmonics, it is possible to define a time constant and construct nonsinusoidal waveforms involving exponential functions of time.
State-space formulation for the chain parameters of nonuniform transmission lines
- Author(s): C. Toker and N. Yildirim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, p. 422 –424
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700295
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
422
–424
(3)
It is shown that the analysis of nonuniform transmission lines (n.u.t.l.s) is identical to that of linear time-varying systems when the time variable is replaced by the distance variable. Consequently, a systematic method for analytical and numerical solution of the chain parameters of n.u.t.l.s based on state equations is presented.
Erratum: Attenuation due to rainfall on a 24 km microwave link working at 11, 18 and 36 GHz
- Author(s): D.J.W. Turner and D. Turner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, page: 424 –424
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700296
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
424
(1)
Erratum: Slowly varying discrete system xi+1=Aixi
- Author(s): C.A. Desoer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 6, Issue 13, page: 424 –424
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19700297
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
424
(1)
Most viewed content for this Journal
Article
content/journals/el
Journal
5
Most cited content for this Journal
-
Extreme multistability in a memristive circuit
- Author(s): Bo-Cheng Bao ; Quan Xu ; Han Bao ; Mo Chen
- Type: Article
-
Absorptive frequency selective surface using parallel LC resonance
- Author(s): Qiang Chen ; Liguo Liu ; Liang Chen ; Jiajun Bai ; Yunqi Fu
- Type: Article
-
Partial spectral search-based DOA estimation method for co-prime linear arrays
- Author(s): Fenggang Sun ; Peng Lan ; Bin Gao
- Type: Article
-
Experimental verification of on-chip CMOS fractional-order capacitor emulators
- Author(s): G. Tsirimokou ; C. Psychalinos ; A.S. Elwakil ; K.N. Salama
- Type: Article
-
54 Gbit/s OOK transmission using single-mode VCSEL up to 2.2 km MMF
- Author(s): G. Stepniak ; A. Lewandowski ; J.R. Kropp ; N.N. Ledentsov ; V.A. Shchukin ; N. Ledentsov Jr. ; G. Schaefer ; M. Agustin ; J.P. Turkiewicz
- Type: Article
