Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 5, Issue 17, 21 August 1969
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Volume 5, Issue 17
21 August 1969
Proposed high-efficiency diode oscillator
- Author(s): P. Penfield
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 387 –388
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690293
- Type: Article
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p.
387
–388
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A high-efficiency oscillator using an avalanche diode is proposed.
Discharge repetition in an air-filled cavity in high-density polythene under high direct electric stresses at elevated temperatures
- Author(s): S. Beg and B. Salvage
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 388 –389
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690294
- Type: Article
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p.
388
–389
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The discharge-repetition rate is appreciably smaller, and the electric strength significantly larger, with high-density than with low-density polythene. This behaviour is consistent with the greater volume resistivity of the high-density material
Polarisation of waves reflected from the ionosphere
- Author(s): P. Knight
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 389 –390
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690295
- Type: Article
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p.
389
–390
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The effect of electron collisions on the polarisation of waves reflected from the ionosphere is calculated by an iteration procedure and shown to be relatively small at night for both normal and oblique incidence, at frequencies above 0.5 MHz.
Design algorithms for minimal-order Luenberger observers
- Author(s): M.M. Newmann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 390 –392
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690296
- Type: Article
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p.
390
–392
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A simple method for designing an (n — m)-order Luenberger observer for an nth-order linear deterministic system with m independent outputs is outlined and compared with the observer design method recently suggested by Cumming.
Phase-locked degenerate parametric amplifier
- Author(s): P.A. Watson and M.E. Butcher
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 392 –393
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690297
- Type: Article
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392
–393
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The phase-locked degenerate parametric amplifier can now be realised in a relatively simple form by making use of the phase-locking properties of Gunn oscillators. The device has applicacation as a low-noise amplifier (having a significantly lower noise figure than nondegenerate amplifiers using the same varactors), as a phase indicator for static phase measurements and as a phase discriminator for high-speed p.s.k. digital signals.
Degenerate amplification with semiconductor diodes due to a self-generated avalanche-resonance pump
- Author(s): C.P. Snapp and B. Hoefflinger
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 393 –395
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690298
- Type: Article
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p.
393
–395
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The features of parametric degenerate and quasidegenerate amplification in silicon avalanche diodes are described for conditions of an optimised self-generated pumping component in the region of the characteristic avalanche-resonance frequency. The signal-frequency gain was observed to be strongly dependent on the pump-voltage amplitude.
High-efficiency self-pulsed IMPATT oscillator circuit
- Author(s): P.W. Shackle
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 395 –396
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690299
- Type: Article
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p.
395
–396
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A circuit is described which uses the d.c. negative resistance of an IMPATT diode, in a microwave anomalous-mode circuit, to operate the diode simultaneously as a low-frequency relaxation oscillator. When operated in this way, the diode produces microwave power in the form of high-efficiency pulses having a high repetition rate. A mean output power of 1.5W with 25% mean efficiency has been achieved in a trial circuit using a silicon diode.
Nonlinear frequency modulation by noise
- Author(s): T.S. George
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 396 –398
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690300
- Type: Article
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p.
396
–398
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Prior analyses of frequency modulation by noise have assumed a perfectly linear modulator. The effect of nonlinearity on spectral shape and bandwidth is exhibited in one specific case of interest. In the linear case, a discrete spectral line may exist at carrier frequency; it is shown that such a line can never exist under nonlinear modulation.
Second-derivative sensitivity using the concept of the adjoint network
- Author(s): G.A. Richards
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 398 –399
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690301
- Type: Article
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p.
398
–399
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Second-derivative sensitivities for linear time-invariant networks are derived by an extension of the method used by Director and Rohrer to calculate first-derivative sensitivities.
New analysis tool for graphs
- Author(s): M.T. Ardon and N.R. Malik
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 399 –401
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690302
- Type: Article
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p.
399
–401
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The variable incidence set of a graph is defined and its usefulness demonstrated in reducing a graph by identifying specified vertices and removing self loops, testing for connectedness, and generating specified segs, cosegs and cutsets.
Highly stable RC active filters
- Author(s): M. Miyahara
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 401 –402
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690303
- Type: Article
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p.
401
–402
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The letter deals with an RC active filter of the feedback kind. The principle of the proposed circuit is based on Bangert's method. To compare this method with Yanagisawa's method, the same transfer function is used in the letter as is illustrated in Yanagisawa's paper.
Dispersive Rayleigh waves on quartz
- Author(s): G. Cambon and C.F. Quate
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 402 –403
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690304
- Type: Article
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–403
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The dispersive properties of Rayleigh waves propagating in the xdirection of ycut quartz have been measured with thin films of gold, copper and silver deposited on the free surface. It is found that the attenuation of the surface waves increases sharply with increasing thickness of the metallic films.
Program for selecting a tree of a connected network and for finding the corresponding F matrix
- Author(s): K.G. Nichols
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 403 –404
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690305
- Type: Article
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p.
403
–404
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In network-analysis procedures, particularly those using the state-variable formulation of the problem, the selection of a tree and the formation of the corresponding F matrix is of considerable importance. An algorithm has been devised to perform the tree selection and F matrix formation and has been embodied in a FORTRAN IV subroutine. The letter describes the specification of this program.
Computation of near-field aperture diffraction by a cylinder
- Author(s): A.J. Hissink
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 404 –406
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690306
- Type: Article
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p.
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–406
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A method of computing the effect of a cylindrical obstacle in the near field of an aperture antenna is described. The measured and calculated results for a typical case are then presented and other results discussed.
Two-dimensional solution of the d.c. characteristics for the m.o.s.t.
- Author(s): G.A. Armstrong ; J.A. Magowan ; W.D. Ryan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 406 –408
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690307
- Type: Article
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p.
406
–408
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A method is outlined for the determination of a 2-dimensional solution of the potential distribution in the substrate of the m.o.s.t., based on the complete depletion-neutral approximation. Channel current is derived from a 1-dimensional solution of the continuity equation along the silicon-silicon dioxide interface, for given values of extrinsically applied electrode potentials. Theoretical characteristics have been validated by comparison with those of a practical device. A discussion of pinchoff is also included.
Dynamic elastance of a Gunn diode
- Author(s): T.K. Bhattacharya
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 408 –409
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690308
- Type: Article
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p.
408
–409
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The time-varying elastance of a Gunn diode is deduced by the application of a simple domain-growth and decay model. The time variation of the elastance is seen to be significantly different from the previously assumed ideal pulsed nature.
Tolerance of nonlinearities in linear optical regulators with integral feedback
- Author(s): J.B. Moore
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 409 –410
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690309
- Type: Article
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p.
409
–410
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The letter generalises some of the known theory of optimal regulators with proportional plus integral feedback. It is also shown that the fact of optimality implies that the regulators have some very desirable properties from an engineering point of view.
Cutoff wavelengths and frequencies of standard rectangular waveguides
- Author(s): M.M. Brady
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 410 –412
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690310
- Type: Article
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p.
410
–412
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The errors arising from the customary assumption that standard rectangular waveguides have perfectly rectangular cross-sections and are operated in vacua are discussed. Correct cutoff wavelengths and frequencies for 36 standard waveguides in air are tabulated; the values given deviate from the customary ideal values by as much as 0.9%.
Output saturation in GaP red lamps
- Author(s): B.L.H. Wilson and H.C. Wright
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 412 –413
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690311
- Type: Article
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p.
412
–413
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The variation of light output with current in a diode lamp is analysed. It is assumed that, while luminescent recombination processes saturate at high current, competing nonluminescent processes do not. The derived relationship is compared with published experimental work.
High-resolution laser interferometer for measurement of electron density in transient plasma
- Author(s): T. Kano and A.G. Heaton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 413 –415
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690312
- Type: Article
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p.
413
–415
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A laser interferometer of the Mach-Zehnder type based on the use of a single-mode frequency-stabilised He-Ne gas laser, 6329 Å in wavelength and with 100 μV output, has been used to measure accurately electron densities in the range 1014–1015cm−3 in a transient mercury-vapour plasma. An ‘amplitude’ (intensity) modulation system is employed in order to obtain a wide dynamic range. The interferometer system is mounted on a massive movable table in order to obtain the spatial distribution of electron density by means of sequential discharges. The experimental results show clearly that there are definite time delays between the peak of current in the discharge and the maximum value of the (average) electron density. The results are in good agreement with the values of electron densities obtained by the extrapolation from microwave measurements.
Equivalent circuit of an evanescent-mode inductive element
- Author(s): L. Lewin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 415 –416
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690313
- Type: Article
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p.
415
–416
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By the use of a partial-fraction expansion of the propagation constant in terms of the angular frequency, a successive series of equivalent-circuit approximations is obtained for the parallel element in the II representation of a length of evanescent-mode waveguide. The first of these approximations simply adds a parallel capacitance to the low-frequency inductance, an element which can be readily absorbed into any tuning capacitor which may be required. The third-order approximation can be put in various forms, some of which similarly exhibit a parallel capacitive element.
Rayleigh hypothesis in scattering problems
- Author(s): R.F. Millar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 416 –417
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690314
- Type: Article
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p.
416
–417
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It is shown that the validity of the Rayleigh hypothesis is dependent on the distribution of singularities in the analytic continuation of the exterior scattered field; the hypothesis is fulfilled if, and only if, these are concentrated in a sufficiently small domain. Conclusions reached by Burrows in a recent letter are criticised.
Resonance-frequency behaviour of a cavity with an evanescent section
- Author(s): F.M. Stuber and L.E. Davis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 418 –419
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690315
- Type: Article
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p.
418
–419
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The resonance frequency fr of a waveguide cavity, with an evanescent air gap of length d and symmetrically loaded with dielectric (length t), has two distinct types of behaviour that depend on t. If for d = 0, fr0 ≡ fr0 > fc0, where fca is the cutoff frequency of the air section, fr decreases for increasing d and approaches fca. However, if fr0 < fca, fr increases and approaches a constant value that depends on t.
Un resultat sur l'application de procédés limites de synthèse à des fonctions booléennes (Result of limited synthesis procedures applied to switching)
- Author(s): L. Frecon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 419 –420
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690316
- Type: Article
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p.
419
–420
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Lors de l'essai de synthèse d'une fonction Booléenne par une méthode qui ne permet pas d'atteindre toutes les fonctions complètes, la probabilité de succés est plus élevée si la fonction est quelconque (et, en particulier, incomplète) que si elle est complète. On donne ici une limite inférieure du gain moyen.When it is attempted to synthetise a switching function by a given limited method, i.e. one which does not generate all the complete functions, the probability of success is greater on any functions, complete or not, than on a complete one. The letter gives a lower bound on the average gain.
New analysis of f.e.t. saturation
- Author(s): A. Luque ; J.M. Ruiz-Perez ; R. Segovia
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 420 –422
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690317
- Type: Article
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p.
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–422
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A new study of the saturation phenomenon of a junction, f.e.t. including the rise of voltage outside the channel, is proposed. This study is based on an approximate solution of the bidimensional Poisson equation with appropriate boundary conditions. Experimental evidence is also presented.
Erratum: Power spectrum of a pulse train specified by its probability-generating function
- Author(s): V. Teodosić
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, page: 422 –422
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690318
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Microwave emission and acoustoelectric excitation in differently orientated nInSb
- Author(s): F. Seifert ; L. Palmetshofer ; C. Schatzl
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, page: 422 –422
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690319
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Negative-resistance amplifiers using three-terminal Gunn devices
- Author(s): F.P. Calieano
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, page: 422 –422
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690320
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Gunn-effect cavity-controlled generator
- Author(s): Yu. A. Tsvirko
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 17, page: 422 –422
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690321
- Type: Article
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