Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 5, Issue 16, 7 August 1969
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Volume 5, Issue 16
7 August 1969
Efficient method for the calculation of first- and second-order network sensitivities
- Author(s): P.J. Goddard and R. Spence
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 351 –352
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690266
- Type: Article
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p.
351
–352
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The letter presents a method of calculating the first- and second-order sensitivities of a linear time-invariant non-reciprocal network using only the single matrix inversion involved in the original network analysis.
Hybrid p.c.m.—an experimental video system
- Author(s): P.C.J. Hill
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 352 –354
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690267
- Type: Article
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p.
352
–354
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Hybrid pulse-code modulation (h.p.c.m.) is a variant o. multilevel p.c.m., in which the least significant digit(s) is made to describe the quantising noise exactly. A theoretical and practical feasibility study has been made of the application of h.p.c.m. to the transmission of 625-line Pal colour signals over low-quality narrowband circuits.
Transverse-mode selection of rotating-mirror Q switched lasers
- Author(s): D.H. Arnold and D.C. Hanna
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 354 –355
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690268
- Type: Article
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p.
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–355
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The TEM00 mode has been selected in a rotating-mirror Q switched Nd +3 : CaWO4 laser by insertion of a slit and an edge into the resonator. Shot-to-shot repeatability was enhanced, and multiple pulsing was suppressed. The same technique has been successfully applied to a CO2 laser.
Sur une formulation unifiée des mécanismes de focalisation et de défocalisation dans les transistors plans (Generalised approach of pinch-in and crowding effects in planar transistors
- Author(s): P. Leturcq and G. Rey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 355 –357
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690269
- Type: Article
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p.
355
–357
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On montre quc I'analyse du mécanisme de focalisation dans les transistors plans, qui intervient en régime d'avalanche, conduit à une formulation générale des effets bidimensionnels induits par la résistance répartie de base, indépendamment de I'origine et du sens du courant base. Les résultats sont expérimentalement confirmés.An analysis of pinch-in effect in planar transistors for reverse base-current drive conditions is presented. This analysis leads to a general formulation of base-bias effects due to the flow of the forward as well as the reverse base current. An experimental proof is added.
Functional spaces in Lyapunov's direct method for a class of partial differential equations
- Author(s): Dahsoong Yu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 357 –358
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690270
- Type: Article
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p.
357
–358
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Quadratic Lyapunov functionals taken on the Hilbert space for the telegrapher's equation do not exhibit the effect of neutron-wave propagation, whereas functionals taken on the product space do exhibit the effect of neutron waves.
Stability problem in electromagnetic systems and possible solutions
- Author(s): V.M. Ristic
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 358 –359
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690271
- Type: Article
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p.
358
–359
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The letter is concerned with dispersion relations of active electromagnetic systems which are polynomial functions of either frequency or wavenumber. In this case, the search for saddle and branch points needed for stability analysis can be performed by 2-dimensional rather than 4-dimensional search.
Hot-electron microwave incremental conductivity of n type InSb
- Author(s): D. Mukhopadhyay and B.R. Nag
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 359 –360
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690272
- Type: Article
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p.
359
–360
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The contribution to the hot-electron microwaver incremental conductivity of n type InSb arising from the higher-order terms in the displaced Maxwellian distribution function (neglected in the earlier analysis) has been estimated using a computer. It is found that the contribution, though significant, is not enough to explain the disagreement between theory and experiment.
Signal-compression performance of Schottky-barrier diodes in microwave mixers
- Author(s): R.W. Yell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 360 –361
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690273
- Type: Article
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p.
360
–361
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Signal compression experiments on planar Schottky-barrier mixer diodes working at L and Xbands are described. The application of high local-oscillator drive powers enables signals as high as 1 mW to be down-converted to intermediate frequency with 0.02dB power compression, yet retaining noise factors of less than 7.0dB.
Octave tuning and the effect of second-harmonic loading on avalanche-diode oscillators
- Author(s): R.A. Giblin ; K.G. Hambleton ; C.A. Tearle
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 361 –363
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690274
- Type: Article
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p.
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The letter describes a simple coaxial-line 2-bead tuner which allows continuous tuning of an avalanche-diode oscillator over an octave bandwidth. Experiments with such a tuner provide direct evidence that the control of second-harmonic impedance is important if maximum output power is to be achieved; also that large power variations can be obtained with relatively small second-harmonic components in the voltage waveform.
Use of atomic frequency standards for phase calibration of large aerial arrays
- Author(s): K.V. Sheridan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 363 –365
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690275
- Type: Article
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p.
363
–365
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The use of two extremely stable radio-frequency oscillators, one stationary and the other mobile, is described for measuring relative phase difference between widely separated elements of large aerial arrays. Results of measurements made at 80MHz on the 96-aerial Culgoora radioheliograph, using an atomic frequency standard for the mobile unit, demonstrate that the method is suitable for phase-calibration purposes.
Generalisation of nodal and mesh analysis
- Author(s): T.B.M. Neill
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 365 –366
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690276
- Type: Article
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p.
365
–366
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Simple formulas are derived which enable all four types of dependent generators to be included in nodal or mesh analysis.
Active bandpass and bandstop filters using identical networks
- Author(s): B. Wise
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 366 –367
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690277
- Type: Article
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p.
366
–367
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Active bandpass and bandstop filters are described using a number of identical circuits, in which the central frequency and relative bandwidth are independently adjustable.
Short error-correcting codes
- Author(s): D.A. Bell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 367 –368
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690278
- Type: Article
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p.
367
–368
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Theoretical bounds on the error-correcting capabilities of binary codes can be found for very long codes in terms of k/n and t/n. It is pointed out that these bounds are only valid for very long codes, and that the relationship between k/n and t/n is not a sufficient criterion for the practical value of short codes.
Conditions for single conduction in a series-type frequency multiplier using an ideal step-recovery diode
- Author(s): W.M. van Loock
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 368 –369
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690279
- Type: Article
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p.
368
–369
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The possible combinations of fundamental nth-harmonic and bias voltages, which ensure a single conduction interval per cycle in a step-recovery diode multiplier, are given for all n.
Design of a pulse-current transformer
- Author(s): T.H. O'Dell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 369 –370
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690280
- Type: Article
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p.
369
–370
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It is shown that the speed of response of a pulse-current transformer is mainly limited by the propagation delay along the secondary winding.
Cellular logical array for obtaining the square of a binary number
- Author(s): K.J. Dean
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 370 –371
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690281
- Type: Article
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p.
370
–371
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An array of logical networks is described, the function of which is to obtain the square of a binary number. The array is faster than other general multipliers and uses considerably fewer cells than these arrays.
Multiple series operation of Gunn-effect oscillators
- Author(s): K.M. Baughan and F.A. Myers
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 371 –372
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690282
- Type: Article
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p.
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–372
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The direct series operation of up to ten Xband Gunn-effect oscillators is described with total pulsed power outputs of up to 116W. The configuration used provides a means of increasing the source impedance of large-area low-impedance devices required for high power generation.
Microwave emission from n type InSb enhanced by Doppler-shifted acoustic cyclotron resonance
- Author(s): E. Voges
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 372 –373
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690283
- Type: Article
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p.
372
–373
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The microwave radiation emitted at 77 K from n InSb samples cut along the [110] direction, and subjected to a transverse magnetic field, showed maxima due to anticyclotron damping when the Doppler-shifted acoustic frequency was equal to the harmonics of the cyclotron frequency of the electrons.
D.C. analysis of nonlinear networks
- Author(s): G.C. Bown
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 374 –375
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690284
- Type: Article
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p.
374
–375
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It has been found that methods of solving the system of equations f(x)=0, in which the norm of f must be reduced at each step, may not be feasible in practice. An algorithm is proposed in which an inequality constraint is applied to the norm of the correction vector p. Success of the method is illustrated with an example.
2-port impedance parameters of the junction transistor
- Author(s): G.T. Wright
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 375 –376
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690285
- Type: Article
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p.
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–376
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The semiconductor transistor is represented as a p—n junction in which current gain is achieved followed by a space-charge-drift diode across which output voltage is generated. 2-port impedance equations are derived which contain all the basic physical mechanisms of transistor action. The results give an exact description of the small-signal behaviour of the idealised device and are valid for all frequencies of operation.
Radiation from wide-flare-angle scalar horns
- Author(s): P.J.B. Clarricoats and P.K. Saha
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 376 –378
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690286
- Type: Article
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p.
376
–378
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The radiation pattern of a wide-flare-angle scalar horn is determined by a modal-expansion technique and also by the Kirchhoff-Huygen method. Both approaches lead to similar results which agree well with experimental patterns obtained previously by Kay.
Functional relationship between minority-carrier density and injection level in a bipolar transistor
- Author(s): C.R. Viswanathan and R.S. Posner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 378 –379
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690287
- Type: Article
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p.
378
–379
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Starting from an analytical relation between the excess carrier density in the base and the base transit time, the excess carrier density is expressed in terms of the injection current in a bipolar transistor. Comparison of this with exact calculation using a digital computer is shown to yield an error of less than 2%.
Symbolic evaluation of transmittances from the nodal-admittance matrix
- Author(s): T. Downs
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 379 –380
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690288
- Type: Article
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p.
379
–380
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Standard methods of cofactor evaluation from the nodal-admittance matrix with rational functions of p (=jω) produce factors and terms which cancel identically. The procedure given eliminates such cancellations.
Application of the ray-optical technique to dielectric-loaded rectangular waveguides
- Author(s): J.E. Robinson ; A. Mohsen ; M.A.K. Hamid
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 380 –382
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690289
- Type: Article
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p.
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The propagating electric fields in rectangular waveguides loaded by a homogeneous dielectric layer are evaluated using the ray-optical technique. The accuracy of the asymptotic solution is investigated and the results are shown to be in good agreement with the exact LSEmn-mode solution. It is concluded that, with this critical evaluation, more reliance can be placed on the accuracy of the method for other schemes for which no exact solutions are available for comparison.
Signal-flow-graph gain with respect to the general node of a graph
- Author(s): J. Mikula
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 382 –383
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690290
- Type: Article
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p.
382
–383
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A new formula for the graph gain is given, which is more general than Mason's formula and enables the graph gain to be solved with respect to the general node of the graph that may also be the loop node.
Error-probability upper bound for coherently detected p.s.k. signals with cochannel interference
- Author(s): V.K. Prabhu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 383 –385
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690291
- Type: Article
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p.
383
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A simple upper bound to the probability of error has been derived for an m-phase coherent phase-shift keyed (c.p.s.k.) system with additive Gaussian noise and cochannel interference.
Design criterion for coaxial-cable p.c.m. telephone systems
- Author(s): M. Dècina and G. Paladin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 5, Issue 16, p. 385 –386
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19690292
- Type: Article
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p.
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A method is presented for optimum design of a p.c.m. transmitter and receiver for a noisy channel, free of timing jitter. Results are given for 8.192 Mbit/s p.c.m. telephone systems, transmitted via microcoaxial cables in the presence of thermal noise.
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