Electronics Letters
Volume 49, Issue 5, 28 February 2013
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Volume 49, Issue 5
28 February 2013
- Features
- Antennas and propagation
- Biomedical technology
- Circuits and systems
- Control engineering
- Electromagnetism
- Image and vision processing and display technology
- Information and communications
- Microwave technology
- Nanotechnology
- Optical communication
- Organic and inorganic circuits and devices
- Photonics
- Signal processing
- Wireless communications
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- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, page: 310 –310
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.0552
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): Oscar Gustafsson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, page: 310 –310
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.0549
- Type: Article
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- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, page: 311 –311
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.0550
- Type: Article
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- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, page: 312 –312
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.0551
- Type: Article
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in brief
interview
phase space
aiming for the sky
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- Author(s): H. Cheribi ; F. Ghanem ; H. Kimouche
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 315 –316
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.3651
- Type: Article
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A frequency reconfigurable antenna based on metamaterial is presented. It is composed of a coplanar-fed straight-line monopole with two double split-ring resonators (DSRRs) of different size disposed at its proximity. Each cell exhibits a negative permeability over a frequency band, which produces magnetic couplings with the monopole that starts to radiate at new bands; the whole structure is now a tri-band antenna. The frequencies over which the two DSRRs exhibit a negative permeability have been arbitrarily chosen to show that the proposed approach can be used to create new operating bands and also to introduce notches. By using a single switch at each metamaterial cell, their effect can be deactivated and the corresponding resonance can be suppressed, resulting in a frequency reconfigurable antenna. Simulated and measured results are presented and good agreement is achieved.
- Author(s): C. Jin ; M. Mujumdar ; A. Alphones
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 316 –318
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.0177
- Type: Article
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A high gain broadband beam scanning circularly-polarised (CP) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) is proposed based on a modified substrate integrated waveguide. The designed CP LWA has been fabricated and its performance measured. The reported antenna presents expected broadband matched impedance with a measured reflection coefficient |S 11| < − 10 dB from 15.4 to 19 GHz. The radiation pattern was measured and the axial ratio of the antenna is within 3 dB from 15.9 to 17.2 GHz. The antenna exhibits continuous beam scanning from 35° at 15.5 GHz to 47° at 18 GHz according to the broadside with maximum gain of 12.3 dBi.
- Author(s): N. Jamaly and A. Derneryd
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 318 –319
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.3484
- Type: Article
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Presented is a fast way for the measurement of the pattern overlap matrix in an arbitrary multi-port antenna system by a reverberation chamber. This parameter is central for calculation of the spatial correlation between different elements with arbitrary terminations. To the authors' knowledge, this is the fastest method for the measurement of the pattern overlap matrix in a lossy structure.
- Author(s): A. Ghasemi ; S.N. Burokur ; A. Dhouibi ; A. de Lustrac
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 319 –321
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.4351
- Type: Article
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The design of a locally one-dimensional inductive-varying metamaterial operating near 10 GHz is reported. This is combined with a fixed capacitive grid to design a phase-varying metasurface. This composite metasurface is then used as a partially reflecting surface (PRS) together with a perfect electric conductor surface to form a resonant Fabry-Pérot type cavity. A patch antenna acting as a primary source is embedded in the cavity to constitute a highly beam-steerable directive antenna. A 56° deflection of the antenna beam is experimentally observed.
- Author(s): I. Vakili ; L. Ohlsson ; M. Gustafsson ; L.-E. Wernersson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 321 –322
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.0005
- Type: Article
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An ultra-wideband, non-dispersive leaky lens antenna system for impulse applications has been designed, fabricated and characterised. An in-house wavelet generator is connected to the antenna to transmit 100 ps-long square pulses with centre frequencies at 45, 60 and 75 GHz. It is shown that the leaky lens antenna has negligible distortion and preserves the pulse shape generated by the millimetre-wave pulse generator.
Metamaterial-based frequency reconfigurable antenna
Broadband beam scanning circularly-polarised leaky-wave antenna based on modified substrate integrated waveguide
Fast measurement of antenna pattern overlap matrix in reverberation chamber
Inductive-varying grid for highly beam-steerable cavity antennas
Wideband and non-dispersive wavelet transmission using leaky lens antenna
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- Author(s): R. Das and H. Yoo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 323 –324
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.4033
- Type: Article
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The radio frequency coils in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems induce scattered electric fields in the implanted medical lead and result in tissue heating. A novel structure of the medical lead has been designed to reduce the scattered field. Proposed metal nails are placed along the medical lead. The scattered electric field is calculated near the medical lead tip at 64 MHz (1.5 T MRI). By installing this design on the conventional lead, a significant decrease in the scattered electric field at the tip of the lead is observed.
- Author(s): B. Kang ; O. Choi ; J.D. Kim ; D. Hwang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 324 –326
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.3602
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a noise reduction method for magnetic resonance (MR) images. This method can be considered a new adaptive non-local means filtering technique since different weights based on the edgeness of an image are applied. Unlike conventional noise reduction methods, which typically fail in preserving detailed information, the proposed method preserves fine structures while significantly reducing noise in MR images. For comparing the proposed method with other noise reduction methods, both a simulated ground truth data set and real MR images were used. The experiment shows that the proposed method outperforms conventional methods in terms of both restoration accuracy and quality.
Innovative design of implanted medical lead to reduce MRI-induced scattered electric fields
Noise reduction in magnetic resonance images using adaptive non-local means filtering
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- Author(s): X. Ding ; S. He ; F. You ; S. Xie ; Z. Hu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 326 –327
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.4135
- Type: Article
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Demonstrated is a 2–4 GHz wideband power amplifier (WPA) using Cree 10 W GaN HEMT CGH40010. Also a novel process to find the optimum impedances is presented, with which the gain flatness can be taken into account. A compact PCB has been fabricated and tested with continuous waves at low (20 dBm) and high (28 dBm) input power level. From the measured results, at low power level, the gain is 13.1–14.1 dB across 2.0–3.9 GHz and 12.3–14.1 dB across 2.0–4.0 GHz. For large signals, power gain is 11.1–12.6 dB with power-added efficiency (PAE) 36.5–53.4% while output power is around 40 dBm. Gain flatness keeps less than 1 dB beyond 95% of the band. For a 5 MHz WCDMA signal, the adjacent channel leakage ratio of the WPA with digital predistortion reaches − 45.3 dBc with an average drain efficiency of 46.7%.
- Author(s): Zhangming Zhu ; Yu Xiao ; Xiaoli Song
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 327 –329
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.3332
- Type: Article
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A novel energy-efficient VCM-based monotonic capacitor switching scheme for successive approximation register (SAR) analogue to-digital converters (ADCs) is proposed. Based on the third reference voltage VCM and monotonic capacitor switching procedure, the proposed switching scheme achieves 97.66% less switching energy and 75% less number of capacitors over the conventional architecture, resulting in the most energy-efficient switching scheme among the reported switching sequences.
- Author(s): J. Guerber ; H. Venkatram ; M. Gande ; U. Moon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 329 –330
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.4224
- Type: Article
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An R2R DAC using three digital input levels rather than two is proposed as well as a modified two-level structure that emulates the three-level DAC's benefits. This three-level structure provides power reductions of 79% and linearity improvements due to matching of a factor of 2 over the two-level case. Ideal implementation is also described in terms of the logic needed to code the DAC and the requirements of the additional third reference level.
- Author(s): Y. Li ; Z. Zhang ; Y. Lian
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 330 –332
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.3318
- Type: Article
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Proposed is an energy-efficient charge-recovery switching scheme for a dual-capacitive arrays successive approximation register (DCA-SAR) analogue-to-digital converter (ADC). With the use of the charge-recovery technique in a fully differential DCA-SAR architecture, the proposed switching scheme achieves 98.7 and 46.9% reduction in switching energy and area, respectively, while maintaining the switching energy constant for different output codes.
2–4 GHz wideband power amplifier with ultra-flat gain and high PAE
VCM-based monotonic capacitor switching scheme for SAR ADC
Ternary R2R DAC design for improved energy efficiency
Energy-efficient charge-recovery switching scheme for dual-capacitive arrays SAR ADC
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- Author(s): C.C. Wong and C.C. Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 332 –334
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.4280
- Type: Article
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A FPGA realisation structure based on CORDIC is proposed to implement inverse kinematics for a biped robot. First, the angle equations of inverse kinematics for the biped robot are described. Based on these equations represented by the inverse tangent function, a FPGA structure based on two CORDIC operators of circular vectoring and hyperbolic vectoring is proposed and implemented on a FPGA chip. Finally, comparison of the proposed FPGA realisation and the software realisation to calculate these angle equations is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed structure.
FPGA realisation of inverse kinematics for biped robot based on CORDIC
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- Author(s): C. Kasmi ; M. Hélier ; M. Darces ; E. Prouff
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 334 –335
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.4448
- Type: Article
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Statistical studies involved in risk management mainly focus on general tendencies which are considered as sufficient for non-critical applications. This implies laying aside extreme events which may nonetheless be crucial to the security of critical facilities. In light of this observation, it is proposed here to follow the opposite approach and to focus on the extreme values statistics. In particular, it is argued that the approach highlights the benefit of the extremal types theorem from the electromagnetic compatibility point of view.
Generalised Pareto distribution for extreme value modelling in electromagnetic compatibility
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- Author(s): W. Cho ; A. Koschan ; M.A. Abidi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 335 –337
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.3502
- Type: Article
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The relationship between the bilateral kernel function and the recently proposed locally adaptive regression kernel is examined. Despite the difference in implementation, both locally adaptive approaches are designed to prevent averaging across edges while smoothing an image. Their similarity suggests that they can reasonably be linked although both filtering approaches have grown to become well-established theories in their fields. First, the locally adaptive regression kernel is analysed theoretically. Then, the connection between the methods is explored by applying the spectral distance measure to the bilateral kernel. Finally, a direct relation is established between the bilateral kernel and the locally adaptive regression kernel.
- Author(s): Shuo Yang ; Jie Xu ; Ming-Hui Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 337 –338
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.3590
- Type: Article
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Selection of reliable templates is important for robust tracking. To this end a novel appearance model is proposed. This model consists of several representive templates. Each template, whose feature vector is extracted from a group of randomly selected feature points on the object, represents a different view of the object. By means of a sparse representation method, the appearance model is updated according to the sparse coefficients of the best candidate by solving l 1-minimisation. Experiments with both public and the authors own challenging datasets show that the new method outperforms several state-of-the-art methods in accuracy.
- Author(s): L. Colace ; F. Santoni ; G. Assanto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 338 –340
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.3704
- Type: Article
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Introduced is an optical approach for the assessment of the road conditions due to various atmospheric perturbations, such as the presence of ice and rain. The technique is based on measuring the polarisation contrast in reflection, in conjunction with the intensity of the diffused light, in the near infrared.
- Author(s): R.M. Hagem ; D.V. Thiel ; S. O'Keefe ; T. Fickenscher
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 340 –341
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.3222
- Type: Article
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An IrDA link based on a serial infrared transceiver has been designed and implemented for real-time swimmers' feedback. A wrist-mounted accelerometer provided stroke information to the transmitter. The signal was detected using a photodiode detector. Both the transmitter and receiver units measured 27 × 19 mm. Propagation experiments in air and under water were performed in a glass tank (91 × 39 × 45 cm) to validate the system. The maximum link length in air was 2 m and in still water 70 cm. In water with bubbles, the range reduced to 50 cm. This distance is sufficient for wrist–head communications during swimming. The information transmitted was the time duration of one complete stroke, which was updated every stroke and presented to the swimmer using an RGB LED mounted on the goggles. The hardware, software and implementation methods for the IrDA system are described.
- Author(s): G.I. Kwon ; Y.H. Seo ; H.-S. Yang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 341 –343
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.3143
- Type: Article
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Most of the previous visual odometry methods cannot deal with a large independently moving object that takes up over 50% of the image area. To overcome this problem, the spatiotemporal filter is incorporated into the RANSAC method to filter out false match that occurrs by a large independently moving object. This spatiotemporal filter uses the current and previous motion vector's length and direction. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively rejects the motion vectors generated from large independently moving objects and improves the visual odometry accuracy.
Fundamental relationship between bilateral kernel and locally adaptive regression kernel
Object tracking using random sparse appearance model
Optical road-ice detector operating in the near infrared
Real-time swimmers' feedback based on smart infrared (SSIR) optical wireless sensor
Spatiotemporal 3D motion vector filtering method for robust visual odometry
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- Author(s): Bin Xi and Yuehong Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 343 –344
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2013.0009
- Type: Article
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A new adaptive filter algorithm, the iterative Wiener filter (IWF), is proposed to overcome the drawback of slow convergence speed for most LMS-type algorithms. The adaptive filter is posed as a problem of finding the solution of a linear matrix equation, equivalent to the Wiener equation. Then the step size is optimised, which is time variant in terms of the residual error in each step. This property gives the IWF the ability of fast convergent speed. The stability of the algorithm can be secured when the estimation of covariance and cross-covariance statistics become stationary. Only the product of the matrix and vector is needed for the implementation in each iteration. Numerical results demonstrate the superior performance of the IWF over some other LMS-type algorithms.
- Author(s): C. Zhang ; J. Ge ; J. Li ; Y. Hu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 344 –346
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.4286
- Type: Article
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The system outage probability of a mobile-relay-based two-way amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying system is investigated. Independently but not necessarily identically distributed N*Nakagami-m fading is adopted to provide a realistic description of the mobile-to-mobile (M2M) channel. By slightly adjusting the integral region, concise and generalised closed-form lower and upper bounds are obtained, providing valuable insight into practical system designs. Simulation results highlight the derived expressions and show that the lower bound can act as a tight closed-form outage probability expression.
- Author(s): S. Önay
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 346 –348
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.3495
- Type: Article
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A polar coding method to construct a distributed source coding scheme which can achieve any point on the dominant face of the Slepian-Wolf rate region for sources with uniform marginals is proposed. Source encoding and decoding operations are performed using efficient algorithms which makes practical implementation feasible. Simulation results are given to exhibit the performance of the presented method.
- Author(s): F. Qureshi ; M. Garrido ; O. Gustafsson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 348 –349
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0577
- Type: Article
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A unified hardware architecture that can be reconfigured to calculate 2, 3, 4, 5, or 7-point DFTs is presented. The architecture is based on the Winograd Fourier transform algorithm and the complexity is equal to a 7-point DFT in terms of adders/subtractors and multipliers plus only seven multiplexers introduced to enable reconfigurability. The processing element finds potential use in memory-based FFTs, where non-power-of-two sizes are required such as in DMB-T.
Iterative Wiener filter
Performance analysis for mobile-relay-based M2M two-way AF relaying in N*Nakagami-m fading
Polar codes for distributed source coding
Unified architecture for 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7-point DFTs based on Winograd Fourier transform algorithm
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- Author(s): E. Villa ; L. de la Fuente ; J. Cagigas ; B. Aja ; E. Artal
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 349 –351
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.4352
- Type: Article
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A broadband 90° phase switch based on microstrip bandpass filters (BPFs) is presented. The phase shift expression is derived from the theoretical analysis of π-network BPFs. The broadband behaviour is performed and validated in the Ka-band focused on radioastronomy applications. The commutation between networks is achieved by a single-pole double-throw switch with negligible power consumption. Measured results show an average phase shift of 88° ± 6° in the frequency band from 24 to 37 GHz (more than 42% relative bandwidth), with an amplitude imbalance of around 0.5 dB. The return loss is better than 15 dB. Experimental results demonstrate its suitability to be used in broadband radio astronomy receivers.
- Author(s): Fu-Chang Chen ; Jie-Ming Qiu ; Qing-Xin Chu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 351 –353
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.3752
- Type: Article
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Dual-band bandstop filters using open-circuited stub-loaded resonators are presented. The first and second resonant frequencies of the open-circuited stub-loaded resonator can be flexibly controlled by tuning the length and position of the open-circuited stub. To illustrate the concept, a dual-band bandstop filter has been designed, fabricated and measured. The prototype of the dual-band bandstop filter achieved attenuation of 42 and 44 dB at 2.4 and 5.2 GHz.
- Author(s): P. Romano ; S. Rosset ; L. Maffli ; H. Shea ; J. Perruisseau-Carrier
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 353 –354
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.4468
- Type: Article
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Presented is the experimental surface impedance characterisation of stretchable conductors at Ka-band, using a non-contact technique based on two-port rectangular waveguide measurements. Two different types of metallisations are analysed, namely gold ion implantation and corrugated Ag deposition on polydimethylsiloxane membranes. The method allows characterising, in a simple configuration, the surface impedance of any thin metallisation, and is able to reduce the effects of tolerances of substrates and the possible gap between the conductive sheet and the holder waveguide. The obtained surface impedances are discussed in the light of potential applications.
- Author(s): J.-X. Chen ; C. Shao ; Q.-Y. Lu ; H. Tang ; Z.-H. Bao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 354 –356
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.4071
- Type: Article
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Presented is a vertically and horizontally folded half-wavelength resonator in a three-dimension (3D) environment and its application to a balanced bandpass filter (BPF). Benefiting from the multilayered resonator based on the transmission line theory and low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology, the proposed balanced BPF can obtain compact size and good performance. For demonstration, a LTCC balanced BPF centred at 2.45GHz has been designed using the proposed resonator, and the size of the circuit is 6.0 × 5.0 × 1.6 mm3.
- Author(s): M. Prihoda and K. Hoffmann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 356 –358
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.3122
- Type: Article
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Microwave interferometry provides a sensitive measurement of amplitudes and phases of reflections. Basically, the interferometric system can be used to measure a non-electrical quantity, such as distance. Presented is a new method to evaluate data from a microwave interferometer. The method is compared with the previously used procedure. The new method provides more accurate results and also offers the possibility of self-calibration.
Broadband Ka-band 90° phase switch for radio astronomy
Dual-band bandstop filter using stub-loaded resonators with sharp rejection characteristic
Electromagnetic characterisation of flexible conductive membranes at millimetre-waves
Compact LTCC balanced bandpass filter using distributed-element resonator
Self-calibrating evaluation method for microwave interferometry measurements
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- Author(s): Zhen-Gang Zhao and Chuan Li
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 358 –359
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.2782
- Type: Article
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A new method to analyse the contact resistance of a carbon nanotubes (CNTs) humidity sensor is proposed. By analysing the Cole-Cole plots of the sensor impedance, which was tested by an electrochemical workstation in different RH environments, the contact resistance could be achieved. According to this novel analytical method and the experimental data, the contact resistance of the sensor was about 5 Ω, which was much smaller than the resistance of the sensing film.
Application of Cole-Cole plot to study contact resistance of CNTs humidity sensor
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- Author(s): R.C. Almeida Jr ; A.F. Santos ; K.D.R. Assis ; H. Waldman ; J.F. Martins-Filho
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 359 –361
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.4247
- Type: Article
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The performance improvement imparted by routing and spectrum assignment on flexible grid optical networks is a subject of current extensive investigation. Proposed is an efficient spectrum-assignment algorithm based on reducing the loss of capacity of future bandwidth-variable path requests. In all scenarios analysed the proposed algorithm outperformed currently investigated slot assignment algorithms.
- Author(s): H.Y. Choi ; T. Tsuritani ; I. Morita
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 361 –362
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.4217
- Type: Article
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The feasibility of spectrum defragmentation is demonstrated in a flexigrid optical network employing the multi-format and multi-rate transmitter and receiver. For efficient defragmentation, the push–pull defragmentation technique is improved with additional functionality, which tunes the occupied frequency slots as well as the centre frequency.
Slot assignment strategy to reduce loss of capacity of contiguous-slot path requests in flexible grid optical networks
Feasibility demonstration of spectrum defragmentation in flexigrid optical network employing multi-format and multi-rate transmitter/receiver
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- Author(s): M. Abdel-Rahman ; M. Syaryadhi ; N. Debbar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 363 –364
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.4222
- Type: Article
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A report is presented on the realisation and characterisation of symmetrical metal-insulator-metal (MIM) diodes using the new material combination: copper-copper oxide-copper (Cu-CuO-Cu). The MIM diodes, having contact areas of 2 × 2 µm2, were fabricated using electron beam lithography and sputter deposition. The MIM diodes exhibited an absolute sensitivity as high as 4.497 V− 1.
Fabrication and characterisation of high sensitivity copper-copper oxide-copper (Cu-CuO-Cu) metal-insulator-metal tunnel junctions
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- Author(s): A. Alhazime ; Y. Ding ; D.I. Nikitichev ; K.A. Fedorova ; I.L. Krestnikov ; M. Krakowski ; E.U. Rafailov
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 364 –366
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.3761
- Type: Article
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A broadly tunable quantum-dot based ultra-short pulse master oscillator power amplifier with different diffraction grating orders as an external-cavity resonance feedback is studied. A broader tuning range, narrower optical spectra as well as higher peak power spectal density (maximun of 1.37 W/nm) from the second-order diffraction beam are achieved compared to those from the first-order diffraction beam in spite of slightly broader pulse duration from the second-order diffraction.
- Author(s): N. Hayashi ; Y. Mizuno ; K. Nakamura
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 366 –367
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.4017
- Type: Article
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p.
366
–367
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Based on the pump-probe technique (PPT), stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) was observed in a 100 m-long silica graded-index multimode optical fibre with the same core diameter as that of a perfluorinated graded-index polymer optical fibre (PFGI-POF) (=50 µm). The SBS threshold was measured to be ∼50 mW, which was much lower than 5.08 W, the SBS threshold obtained for the same fibre without the PPT. This result indicates that the PPT is useful even under multimode conditions and that the difficulty in observing SBS in PFGI-POFs consists not in their physical problems but in their material problems (high propagation loss etc.).
- Author(s): E. Heves ; C. Ozturk ; Y. Gurbuz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 367 –369
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.4463
- Type: Article
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p.
367
–369
(3)
A study is presented on improving the absorption of the PbS colloidal quantum dot (CQD) films using plasmonic scattering. Unlike previous methods that include high temperature annealing, an integrated circuits (IC) compatible method of introducing colloidal gold nanoparticles to PbS film during the spin deposition process is developed. The devices are composed of eight layers of PbS and gold nanoparticles are spin cast after the fourth layer that places them in the middle, sandwiched between PbS films in order to avoid electrical shorts between the fingers. Two different solutions of gold nanoparticles in citrate, 0.1% and 0.01%, are used to fabricate two different devices. Introducing 0.01% Au nanoparticles in PbS film increases the responsivity 2.6-fold, whereas introducing 0.1% Au nanoparticles results in a 6.5-fold increase in responsivity.
Broadly tunable quantum-dot based ultra-short pulse laser system with different diffraction grating orders
Observation of stimulated Brillouin scattering in silica graded-index multimode optical fibre based on pump-probe technique
Responsivity improvement in PbS colloidal quantum dot photoconductors using colloidal gold nanoparticles
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- Author(s): Wenbiao Tian and Guosheng Rui
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 369 –370
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1221
- Type: Article
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p.
369
–370
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A type of back-track algorithm has recently been proposed to handle sparse reconstruction problems arising in compressed sensing. This sort of algorithm is attractive owing to its recovery performance; however, it requires the sparsity level to be known a priori. A blind sparsity algorithm is presented based on subspace pursuit and weak pruning, and its convergence is demonstrated. The experiments validate the proposed algorithm's superior performance to that of several other back-tracking-type and optimisation methods.
Blind sparsity weak subspace pursuit for compressed sensing
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- Author(s): Sheng Hong ; Bo Zhang ; Hongqi Yang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 370 –372
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.3532
- Type: Article
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p.
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–372
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The technique of cognitive code division multiple access (CCDMA) communication is attracting more and more attention. The existing researches use power control to suppress the interference, but it is not always optimal. Probability control is a recently introduced method that allows better mitigation of multiple access interference in CCDMA networks. In this reported work, probability control is applied to CCDMA for anti-interference. It can be concluded that the performance reflected by the signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio resulting from probability control is better than the one resulting from power control by numerical simulation results.
- Author(s): Y.J. Qiu ; Y.H. Xu ; R.M. Xu ; W.G. Lin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 49, Issue 5, p. 372 –374
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.3910
- Type: Article
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p.
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–374
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A broadband hybrid power amplifier using a gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is presented. A discrete GaN HEMT bare die with 1.25 mm of gate width is used, and a compact size of 8.3 × 12.7 mm is achieved by using a feedback technique based on lumped elements. The power amplifier operates from 100 to 1000 MHz, and shows more than 12.8 dB gain and higher than 30.7 dBm output power in the overall bandwidth. Power added efficiency of 61.3% was acquired at the mid-band frequency and more than 54.5% throughout the bandwidth.
Applying probability control to cognitive CDMA communication system for anti-interference
Compact hybrid broadband GaN HEMT power amplifier based on feedback technique
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