Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 48, Issue 16, 2 August 2012
Volumes & issues:
-
Volume 59 (2023)
-
Volume 58 (2022)
-
Volume 57 (2021)
-
Volume 56 (2020)
-
Volume 55 (2019)
-
Volume 54 (2018)
-
Volume 53 (2017)
-
Volume 52 (2016)
-
Volume 51 (2015)
-
Volume 50 (2014)
-
Volume 49 (2013)
-
Volume 48 (2012)
-
Volume 47 (2011)
-
Volume 46 (2010)
-
Volume 45 (2009)
-
Volume 44 (2008)
-
Volume 43 (2007)
-
Volume 42 (2006)
-
Volume 41 (2005)
-
Volume 40 (2004)
-
Volume 39 (2003)
-
Volume 38 (2002)
-
Volume 37 (2001)
-
Volume 36 (2000)
-
Volume 35 (1999)
-
Volume 34 (1998)
-
Volume 33 (1997)
-
Volume 32 (1996)
-
Volume 31 (1995)
-
Volume 30 (1994)
-
Volume 29 (1993)
-
Volume 28 (1992)
-
Volume 27 (1991)
-
Volume 26 (1990)
-
Volume 25 (1989)
-
Volume 24 (1988)
-
Volume 23 (1987)
-
Volume 22 (1986)
-
Volume 21 (1985)
-
Volume 20 (1984)
-
Volume 19 (1983)
-
Volume 18 (1982)
-
Volume 17 (1981)
-
Volume 16 (1980)
-
Volume 15 (1979)
-
Volume 14 (1978)
-
Volume 13 (1977)
-
Volume 12 (1976)
-
Volume 11 (1975)
-
Volume 10 (1974)
-
Volume 9 (1973)
-
Volume 8 (1972)
-
Volume 7 (1971)
-
Volume 6 (1970)
-
Volume 5 (1969)
-
Volume 4 (1968)
-
Volume 3 (1967)
-
Volume 2 (1966)
-
Volume 1 (1965)
Volume 48, Issue 16
2 August 2012
In Brief
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, page: 966 –966
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.2584
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
966
(1)
-
- Author(s): Youngje Sung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, page: 966 –966
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.2593
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
966
(1)
Professor Youngje Sung from Kyonggi University in Korea talks about the research behind his Letter ‘Compact quad-band reconfigurable antenna for mobile phone applications’ on page 977. - Author(s): D. Davies
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, page: 967 –967
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.2579
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
967
(1)
A group in Korea have created a highly flexible, simple to manufacture thermoelectric generator designed to be worn next to the skin to provide power continuously for portable devices. The generator's flexibility allows it to sit snugly against the skin for maximum heat transfer, even over larger areas. - Author(s): H. Dyball
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, page: 968 –968
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.2583
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
968
(1)
A millimetre-wave integrated mixer that uses around 75% less power than previous designs has been presented by researchers in Taiwan. The research team at National Central University used a Darlington-pair topology to reach V-band operation, and a thin-film LC-hybrid linear combiner in 90 nm CMOS to create a compact mixer chip that should be easy to produce on a large scale for future applications, such as wireless HD home networking, game consoles and car radars.
Interview
Flexible power
mm waves in the mix
-
- Author(s): K. Takahagi ; Y. Otsu ; E. Sano
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 971 –972
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0770
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
971
–972
(2)
Electrically small antennas are needed to lower further the cost of wireless elements. However, the antenna gain is constrained to the Harrington limit, while the impedance matching and directivity characteristics deteriorate in electrically small antennas. Using a dipole antenna loaded with a left-handed ladder structure is a promising technique for reducing the size of antennas. Reported is the design of a lumped-component loading left-handed antenna on the basis of the composite right/left-handed transmission line theory. A 4-unit cell left-handed dipole antenna with a size of 20 mm (0.16λ0) was fabricated with a T-junction balun. The actual gain of the fabricated antenna was −0.01 dBi, which was about 1 dB lower than the Harrington limit and the highest ever achieved for fabricated antennas operating at around 2.45 GHz (kr=0.502). The directivity measured in the E-plane was similar to that of typical half-wavelength dipole antennas. - Author(s): Yang Wang and A. Tennant
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 972 –974
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1893
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
972
–974
(3)
The concept of a time-modulated reflector array (TMRA) is introduced and analysed. The TMRA is proposed as an alternative to conventional time-modulated array designs. The TMRA is potentially much simpler to implement in hardware than the conventional time-modulated array as it does not require a complex feed network. The results of a simple analysis of a TMRA based on an array-factor model combined with Fourier-series theory is presented to illustrate the basic operation of the system and to show that the TMRA exhibits similar characteristics to conventional time-switched arrays. A more realistic TMRA based on pin diode controlled dipole elements is also modelled using a full-wave electromagnetic simulator and the performance of this system is compared to that obtained from array-factor theory. - Author(s): M. Koohestani ; N. Pires ; A.K. Skrivervik ; A.A. Moreira
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 974 –975
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1771
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
974
–975
(2)
Proposed is a new simple technique for achieving band rejection characteristics in ultra-wideband monopole antennas. Two band notches were added to an existing UWB antenna by gluing a padding patch printed on a small single-layer piece of commercial substrate. The design of the new proposed structure has a controllable rejection in the 5 GHz WLAN and 8 GHz ITU frequencies while maintaining a wideband performance from 2.9 GHz to more than 12 GHz based on VSWR≤2. A good agreement between measurement and simulation was achieved. Measurements confirm that the technique introduces negligible antenna radiation pattern distortion except at the notched frequencies. - Author(s): Y.B. Ouattara ; C. Hamouda ; B. Poussot ; J.M. Laheurte
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 975 –977
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1805
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
975
–977
(3)
A diversity antenna combining four inverted-F antennas (IFAs) is evaluated for UHF RF identification (RFID) readers. Polarisation and pattern diversities are obtained for a sequentially rotated configuration of the IFAs. Mutual coupling between ports is minimised by etching quarter-wavelength slots into the ground plane. The resulting envelope correlation coefficient is less than 0.003 in the working band. A switching diversity scheme is then applied to evaluate the tags readability in a lab environment. It is shown that the antenna diversity enhances the reading range compared to a circularly or a linearly polarised antenna of the same size. - Author(s): Y. Sung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 977 –979
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.2112
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
977
–979
(3)
A compact reconfigurable antenna for quad-band (GSM/DCS/PCS/WCDMA) mobile phone applications is proposed and experimentally investigated. By independently controlling the on/off states of a pin diode placed on a radiating element, the proposed antenna can be operated in the planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) and loop modes, respectively. The measured results show that the 6 dB reflection coefficient bandwidths of the proposed antenna are 8.7% (880–960 MHz) and 14.3% (1950–2250 MHz) in the PIFA mode and 21.5% (1620–2010 MHz) in the loop mode. By electrically selecting between the two modes, a variety of communication systems can be conveniently served through only one antenna. - Author(s): M.Y. Ahmad and A.S. Mohan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 979 –980
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1930
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
979
–980
(2)
Introduced is a novel HF RFID bridge reader antenna suitable for accurate positioning and localisation. Conventional HF RFID reader antennas can only indicate the presence or absence of a tag(s). The proposed reader antenna uses multiple loops to form multiple bridges so that the position of tags with respect to the reader recognition area can be obtained. The bridge-loop configuration can split the overall reader recognition area into sub-zones so that the location of the detected tag(s) with respect to these zones can be identified to help to improve positioning accuracy. Simulation and experimental results confirm the operation of the proposed bridge-loop HF RFID reader antenna. - Author(s): M. Ojaroudi ; S. Bashiri ; N. Ojaroudi ; M.T. Partovi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 980 –982
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1319
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
980
–982
(3)
A novel multi-resonance CPW-fed slot antenna, for UWB applications, is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of a modified fan-shaped radiating stub and a sprocket-shaped ground plane provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 155% (2.39–24.53 GHz). By inserting eight pairs of gear-shaped teeth on the sprocket-shaped ground plane, an additional eight resonances are excited and hence much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced. Unlike other antennas reported in the literature to date, the proposed antenna displays a good omnidirectional radiation pattern even at higher frequencies. The designed antenna has a small size of 30×30 mm2. Simulated and experimental results obtained for this antenna show that it exhibits good radiation behaviour within the UWB frequency range. - Author(s): S. Caporal Del Barrio ; M. Pelosi ; G.F. Pedersen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 982 –983
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1315
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
982
–983
(2)
In the actual context of reducing antenna size and operating in multiple bands tunable antennas are investigated. Moreover, high-Q and low-Q tunable antennas are compared with respect to their efficiency. The loss issue that tunable high-Q antennas present is addressed. Using a variable capacitor as a tuning mechanism, simulations and measurements of a self-resonating antenna show the mismatch and the radiation efficiencies of the high-Q and the low-Q antennas. The investigated frequencies are in the low band of the 4G standard. Measurements are conducted for different tuning stages and the study shows that the high-Q design performs worse than the low-Q one. A 1.4 dB degradation in total efficiency is observed for a high-Q antenna in a tunable system. - Author(s): K. Kim ; K. Hwang ; J. Ahn ; Y. Yoon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 984 –985
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1532
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
984
–985
(2)
An antenna for a wireless sensor network for an indoor environment is proposed. The proposed antenna is composed of an artificial magnetic conductor reflector, two branched radiators, and a power divider including a switched-line phase shifter. Two branched radiators act as four bent monopoles or two crossed dipoles by the switched-line phase shifter. The power divider provides two branched radiators in-phase or out of phase power which makes a side directional pattern or a normal directional pattern, respectively. The proposed antenna has less than 10 mm height with 100 × 100 mm area and more than 100 MHz bandwidth at 2.4 GHz. - Author(s): R. Moro ; S. Agneessens ; H. Rogier ; M. Bozzi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 985 –987
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.2349
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
985
–987
(3)
A novel wearable substrate integrated waveguide antenna fabricated entirely from textile materials is presented. The cavity-backed slot antenna operates in the 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific and medical band, for short range communication between rescue workers. A prototype of the antenna was fabricated and tested: good performance was obtained in terms of input matching and radiation pattern. Moreover, measurements performed on the antenna after bending and integration into clothing indicate high robustness against deformation and low influence of the human body on antenna performance, making the design well-suited for on-body use.
2.45 GHz high-gain electrically small antenna with composite right/left-handed ladder structure
Time-modulated reflector array
Band-reject ultra-wideband monopole antenna using patch loading
Compact diversity antenna for UHF RFID readers
Compact quad-band reconfigurable antenna for mobile phone applications
Multiple-bridge-loop reader antenna for improved positioning and localisation
Octave-band, multi-resonance CPW-fed small slot antenna for UWB applications
On the efficiency of frequency reconfigurable high-Q antennas for 4G standards
Pattern reconfigurable antenna for wireless sensor network system
Wearable textile antenna in substrate integrated waveguide technology
-
- Author(s): Li Lu ; Changzhi Li ; Jinghong Chen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 987 –988
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1433
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
987
–988
(2)
Presented is a low-voltage all-CMOS scattered thermal monitoring architecture front-end designed in a 0.5 µm process. To support low-voltage operation for scaled CMOS technologies, MOSFETs operating in the subthreshold region and an amplifier with a bulk-driven technique are used. To reduce the offset error caused by device mismatches, gain boosting, dynamic offset cancellation and dynamic element matching methods are adopted. The sensor node occupies an area of 90×70 µm2. The measured minimum supply voltage was 1.1 V over a −55 to 125 °C temperature range. The front-end was chamber tested and the performances are reported. Experiments demonstrated the multi-corner thermal monitor detecting on-chip temperature gradients from 1.2 to 26 °C/mm. - Author(s): X. Meng ; T. Wang ; G.C. Temes
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 988 –990
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1340
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
988
–990
(3)
A charge compensation technique is proposed for switched-capacitor S/H circuits and integrators. The compensated stages achieve better linearity with low power and relaxed sampling noise specifications. Analysis and simulations show that high linearity can be achieved, even while consuming low power. - Author(s): A.F.B. Adnan ; A.K.B. A'ain ; M.N.B. Marsono ; I.B. Kamisan ; I.A. Grout
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 990 –992
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1714
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
990
–992
(3)
Proposed is a two-stage analogue circuit design reuse methodology by extending existing fabrication process rescaling procedures with a follow-on systematic tuning procedure stage based on DC output voltage scaling. It increases the potential for design reuse with short-channel MOSFET circuit designs when compared to the current single-stage rescaling work. Two Miller amplifier circuits were designed in 0.18 and 0.13 µm CMOS processes in order to analyse circuit performance achieved with the proposed method compared to the existing methods. The additional tuning stage results in an improved amplifier gain up to 16 dB and up to 2.5 times faster settling time compared to single-stage scaling with 33% power reduction and 28% smaller silicon area when compared to the original design.
All-CMOS low supply voltage scattered thermal monitoring front-end
Charge compensation technique for switched-capacitor circuits
Second-stage tuning procedure for analogue CMOS design reuse methodology
-
- Author(s): H.F. Qin ; L. Qin ; L. Xue ; C.B. Yu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 992 –993
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1519
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
992
–993
(2)
A novel image region descriptor, named the Gabor-based weighted region covariance matrix (GWRCM), is proposed by incorporating the weighting matrices into a Gabor-based region covariance matrix (GRCM). Based on the weighting matrix, the proposed approach can assign different weights for pixels in different face parts, so it preserves more discriminating information than the GRCM for face recognition. Experimental results show that the proposed GWRCM approach outperforms other algorithms in terms of recognition accuracy. - Author(s): J. Min ; H. Kim ; J. Kim ; I.-S. Kweon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 993 –995
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1165
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
993
–995
(3)
Detecting moving objects from an image sequence is challenging, especially when the camera is moving and the background varies significantly in every frame. In addition, classifying moving objects using only their appearances creates ambiguities in complex scenes. In this sense a Markov random field (MRF) approach is proposed incorporating a stereo vision-based structure-from-motion scheme in order to robustly detect the moving objects from image sequences. In this MRF formulation, the new energy terms of a high-order likelihood and a temporal pairwise potential are added to improve the detection performance further. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated from publicly available datasets. - Author(s): S. Yang ; J. Xu ; M.H. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 995 –997
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1922
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
995
–997
(3)
Proposed is a new onboard vehicle detection method based on a part-based model. It uses several boosted Gabor descriptors of keypoints to represent the vehicle. To perform detection, the sparse representation-based classifier is adopted to classify the extracted keypoints in video frames. Then, by using the K-means algorithm, vehicle candidates with high-density classified keypoints are generated. With the keypoint matching adopted, these candidates can be verified, and the matched pairs are meanwhile to be used for vehicle tracking. Experimental results show that the proposed method is robust to environmental changes as well as achieving high detection accuracy.
Gabor-based weighted region covariance matrix for face recognition
Geometrically inspired MRF for moving object detection from mobile stereo camera
Onboard vehicle detection and tracking using boosted Gabor descriptor and sparse representation
-
- Author(s): R. Jankovic
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 997 –998
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1259
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
997
–998
(2)
Data structures and control mechanisms for multi-target swarming software simulators are presented. The advantage of the proposed approach is that a swarm, besides local self-organisation, is able to accept higher level directives on target priorities. Also, the presented mechanisms enable a swarm to dynamically change its participants’ assignment on every target appearance or removal in simulation. - Author(s): S. Choe and J. Yoo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 999 –1000
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1786
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
999
–1000
(2)
A space-time/space-time-frequency-coding-based 2×2 multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) power line communication system that employs a maximum ratio combining receiver, also called a rake receiver, not only improves the bit error rate performance (relative to existing schemes) but is also insensitive to crosstalk.
Data structures and control mechanisms for multi-target swarming simulators
Space-time/space-time-frequency-coding-based MIMO-OFDM over power line channels
-
- Author(s): V. De Smedt ; W. Steyaert ; W. Dehaene ; G. Gielen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 1000 –1001
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1886
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
1000
–1001
(2)
An automatic calibration circuit for temperature- and process-independent oscillators and timing circuits is presented. The circuit monitors the dynamic gate–source voltage of a MOS transistor of which the temperature is changing. By adapting the bias current through this transistor towards the zero-temperature-coefficient point of the VGS, the gate–source voltage can be used in temperature-independent timing circuits. Because of the dynamic nature of this regulation circuit, the technique is insensitive to mismatch and process variations. The presented technique is applied to a low-noise oscillator to make it less temperature sensitive with a factor of 8.
Wobble-based on-chip calibration circuit for temperature independent oscillators
-
- Author(s): Min Wang ; Chenggang Hu ; Mingbo Pu ; Cheng Huang ; Xiaoliang Ma ; Xiangang Luo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 1002 –1003
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1318
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
1002
–1003
(2)
An electrical tunable L-band absorbing material for two polarisations is presented. The proposed absorber consists of a metal resonator and four surrounded metal lines which are connected by pin diodes, and exhibits the tunable range of reflectivity reaching to −40 dB for both polarisations. In particular, for TM polarisation, the working frequency is also tunable from 1.9 to 2.1 GHz due to the conversion between two distinct resonance modes supported by the resonator and surrounding lines, respectively. - Author(s): O. Moravek and K. Hoffmann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 1003 –1004
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0772
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
1003
–1004
(2)
A radiation and electro-magnetic (EM) field analysis of commercially available coaxial-to-coplanar transitions is presented. Radiation is quantified by measuring a crosstalk component between two Southwest Microwave's transitions using a reflective planar calibration standard placed inside. Predictive simulation results are compared to the measured data and good agreement is reported. The proposed evaluation method is useful to evaluate quality of the transition and its radiation properties. Results can be used to estimate the uncertainty budget of the calibrated measurement with respect to the measured radiation. Obtained results are promising to help further development of hardware or software solutions to suppress or minimise the radiation emerging from the launcher. - Author(s): J. Xu ; W. Kang ; C. Miao ; W. Wu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 1005 –1006
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0610
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
1005
–1006
(2)
A novel ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) structure is presented. The presented structure consists of two quarter-wavelength coupled-line series in the centre position and two quarter-wavelength shorted coupled-line shunts on both sides. The new UWB structure shows the multiple-mode resonant characteristic and two shunt shorted coupled-lines can provide two transmission zeros on both sides of the passband. As a validation, a microstrip UWB BPF was designed and fabricated. Sharp and deep rejection is achieved on both the lower and the upper stopband. In addition, a notched band is designed at 8.0 GHz for a rejecting satellite communication signal. The measurement results agree well with the full-wave EM simulated responses. - Author(s): W.J. Feng and W.Q. Che
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 1006 –1008
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0448
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
1006
–1008
(3)
A compact wideband balanced filter based on a three-line coupled structure is proposed. Two finite-frequency transmission zeros close to the passband for the differential mode and wide stopband for the common mode can be realised by the three-line coupled structure. A prototype with 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 61.5% for the differential mode and insertion loss greater than 15 dB for the common mode (0–19 GHz) has been designed and fabricated.
Electrical tunable L-band absorbing material for two polarisations
Radiation properties of coaxial-to-coplanar transitions in K band
Sharp rejection UWB bandpass filter with notched band
Wideband balanced bandpass filter based on three-line coupled structure
-
- Author(s): L.G. Chen ; S.J. Zhang ; R.G. Lu ; Y. Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 1008 –1009
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1907
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
1008
–1009
(2)
Presented is an experimental investigation on phase recovery time in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). The experiment is carried out using an integrated SOA-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer switch, under the injection of 2 ps optical pump pulses at 10 GHz. The phase recovery is derived from the measured output of the interferometer. An ultrafast component in the phase recovery is observed, and a delay between phase and gain recovery is also found.
Demonstration of ultrafast phase recovery in semiconductor optical amplifiers
-
- Author(s): H. Asakura ; K. Nashimoto ; D. Kudzuma ; M. Hashimoto ; H. Tsuda
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 1009 –1010
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1292
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
1009
–1010
(2)
A wavelength selective, (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3 (PLZT)-based, arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) with eight output channels at a spacing of 200 GHz is reported. The wavelength channel is selected by controlling the voltages applied to electrodes on the AWG. High-speed wavelength selection was successfully demonstrated with a response time of less than 40 ns. The extinction ratio was larger than 13 dB, and the 3 dB optical bandwidth was 110 GHz. The insertion loss was 19 dB including a coupling loss of 10 dB and a waveguide propagation loss of 3 dB. - Author(s): A. Chamorovskiy ; J. Kerttula ; J. Rautiainen ; O.G. Okhotnikov
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 1010 –1012
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1359
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
1010
–1012
(3)
1.6 GHz repetition rate supercontinuum generation with a highly GeO2-codoped silica fibre is demonstrated. The fibre was pumped with a 1.57 µm modelocked semiconductor disk laser–fibre amplifier system. The continuum covered the spectrum from 1.35 to 2 µm with average output power of 3.5 W. This reported work provided the first demonstration of a supercontinuum generation using a modelocked semiconductor disk laser as a pump source. - Author(s): Y. Fukuchi and J. Maeda
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 1012 –1013
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.2157
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
1012
–1013
(2)
A wavelength and pulsewidth-tunable actively modelocked fibre ring laser employing a 151 cm-long bismuth-oxide-based highly nonlinear erbium-doped fibre (Bi-HNL-EDF) and a bandwidth-variable tunable filter is demonstrated. An 80 nm continuous wavelength tuning from 1535 to 1615 nm can be achieved by utilising the wide gain bandwidth of the Bi-HNL-EDF. The pulsewidth can also be tuned from 7.8 to 23.1 ps by changing the filter bandwidth. High nonlinearity of the Bi-HNL-EDF collaborates with spectral filtering by the filter to suppress the supermode noise quite effectively. The total cavity length is as short as 14 m. Thus, clean pulses with a repetition rate of 10 GHz are successfully obtained over the entire tuning ranges. Back-to-back bit error rate tests also confirm bit error free modelocking operation.
High-speed wavelength selective operation of PLZT-based arrayed-waveguide grating
Supercontinuum generation with amplified 1.57 µm picosecond semiconductor disk laser
Wavelength-tunable and pulsewidth-variable actively modelocked short-cavity fibre laser using bismuth-based highly nonlinear erbium-doped fibre
-
- Author(s): Min Joo Jeong ; Kun Ho Park ; Jang Myoung Kim ; Jung-Hwan Hwang ; Chang-Hee Hyoung ; Youn Tae Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 1013 –1015
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1812
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
1013
–1015
(3)
Presented is a feasibility study on power transmission using magnetic coupling between devices in a body area network. The effects of transmission distance and body movement on transmission efficiency were investigated. The measurement results show a maximum transmission efficiency of 46.2% at a distance of 10 cm, and this result presents the possibility of transmitting power in a body area network with high efficiency. - Author(s): S.E. Jo ; M.K. Kim ; M.S. Kim ; Y.J. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 1015 –1017
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1566
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
1015
–1017
(3)
A report is presented on a thermoelectric generator used for harvesting heat energy from a human body. The proposed thermoelectric generator comprises a polydimethylsiloxane substrate and thermoelectric materials. The use of polydimethylsiloxane provides flexibility to the thermoelectric generator. Another advantage of using a polydimethylsiloxane substrate is that it has low thermal conductivity; this can help minimise losses in the effective heat flowing through the active thermoelectric materials. The proposed thermoelectric generator was easily fabricated using dispenser printing for thermoelectric materials. The fabricated thermoelectric generator was attached to the human body for generating electrical energy. When the temperature difference between the human body and ambient air was 19 K, the output power of the thermoelectric generator was 2.1 µW.
Feasibility study on application of power transmission using magnetic coupling to body area network
Flexible thermoelectric generator for human body heat energy harvesting
-
- Author(s): Guolong Cui ; Lingjiang Kong ; Xiaobo Yang ; Dan Ran
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 1017 –1018
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1115
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
1017
–1018
(2)
This reported work focuses on two useful integrals involving the generalised Marcum Q-function, i.e. Qm(a√x,b) and Qm(a,b√x), which usually arise in the performance analysis in the radar and communication societies. Closed-form solutions, in terms of the confluent hypergeometric function, are derived and validated by comparing with A.H. Nuttall's results and simulations.
Two useful integrals involving generalised Marcum Q-function
-
- Author(s): Run-yan Miao ; Fang Lu ; Yan-ying Wang ; Da-wei Gong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 1018 –1019
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.2061
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
1018
–1019
(2)
Deep oxide trench isolation with a p-type pillar guard is suggested as the termination structure for a high voltage super-junction (SJ) MOSFET device. With an additional p-type pillar guard, such a structure can result in a trapezoidal field profile in depth along the oxide trench sidewall and the device has improved breakdown voltage limited by an intrinsic super-junction structure.
Deep oxide trench termination structure for super-junction MOSFET
-
- Author(s): D. Erro ; I. Sainz ; E. Navas ; I. Hernaez
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 1019 –1021
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0756
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
1019
–1021
(3)
Modern speech synthesis and conversion systems based on statistical methods require vocoders that allow accurate analysis and high-quality reconstruction of speech signals. Reliable spectral envelope estimation and parameterisation is one of the key parts of the vocoding process. Moreover, its efficiency is essential for these systems to be practical in online applications such as speech-to-speech translation or live voice conversion. The simple and fast spectral analysis procedure that is presented in this reported work gives satisfactory results in terms of accuracy and proves useful in vocoding applications.
Efficient spectral envelope estimation from harmonic speech signals
-
- Author(s): Min-Ho Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 1021 –1023
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1128
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
1021
–1023
(3)
Although ACK (acknowledgement) should be short since it simply notifies a successful receipt, the actual size of ACK packets increases because of a message header or security options. Especially, in wireless sensor networks where efficiency is the highest priority due to the limited sensor resources, the size of ACK may be reduced by omitting some header fields or security options. However, this pursuit of efficiency can cause security vulnerability such as a faked ACK. In turn, the ACK cannot achieve the original purpose, i.e. to provide reliable communication, any more. Therefore, proposed is a novel ACK message authentication method based on a challenge-response authentication, which can achieve efficiency and security at the same time. - Author(s): H.-T. Chou ; J.-R. Liang ; H.-K. Chiou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 1023 –1024
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1690
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
1023
–1024
(2)
Presented is a V-band low-power Darlington-pair double-balanced gate-pumped mixer with a thin-film (TF) LC-hybrid linear combiner in 90 nm CMOS technology. The compact TF LC-hybrid linear combiner is used to feed the differential RF and LO signals to a gate-pumped mixer. Meanwhile, it provides high port-to-port isolations of the mixer. The proposed gate-pumped mixer achieves a −0.76 dB conversion gain, a −7 dBm 1 dB compression point, and a +8.5 dBm input IP3 under a low LO power of −2 dBm. The core power consumption is only 2.8 mW from a 1 V supply. The chip size with all testing pads and dummy blocks is only 0.52 mm2. - Author(s): Chao Zhang ; Zhaocheng Wang ; Zhixing Yang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 1024 –1026
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1537
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
1024
–1026
(3)
An improved frame structure for TDS-OFDM systems is presented by adopting cyclic block shifted training sequences. The guard interval needed for the training sequences could be shortened while the ability to combat the maximum channel delay spread is not sacrificed. Therefore the spectrum efficiency is increased. The corresponding channel estimation and equalisation schemes are also illustrated. - Author(s): D. Brunelli ; D. Balsamo ; G. Paci ; L. Benini
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, p. 1026 –1028
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1246
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
1026
–1028
(3)
Time synchronisation is a fundamental service in many distributed systems such as wireless sensor networks. Non-uniform operating temperature among deployed nodes and dynamic variation of the temperature represent the major cause of clock drift in the nodes of a network. Presented is a low-overhead clock synchronisation for WSNs based on a new temperature compensation algorithm (TCA). The TCA is local and uses a temperature sensor to remove the effects of environmental temperature changes and to increase the time between synchronisation intervals. Using the TCA, the 32 KHz unit achieves an effective clock drift of less than 5 ppm over a wide range of operating temperatures (−5 to 62°C), a significant improvement with respect to the 55 ppm featured without temperature compensation.
Challenge-response based ACK message authentication
V-band low-power Darlington-pair gate-pumped mixer with thin-film LC-hybrid linear combiner in 90 nm CMOS
Improved frame structure for TDS-OFDM systems
Temperature compensated time synchronisation in wireless sensor networks
-
- Author(s): J.L.T. Ethier and D.A. McNamara
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, page: 1028 –1028
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.2205
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
1028
(1)
- Author(s): G. Mészáros ; Cs. Fűzy ; J. Ladvánszky
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 16, page: 1028 –1028
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.2304
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
1028
(1)
Erratum for ‘Sub-structure characteristic mode concept for antenna shape synthesis’
Erratum for ‘Does amplitude or phase noise arise first?’
Most viewed content for this Journal
Article
content/journals/el
Journal
5
Most cited content for this Journal
-
Extreme multistability in a memristive circuit
- Author(s): Bo-Cheng Bao ; Quan Xu ; Han Bao ; Mo Chen
- Type: Article
-
Absorptive frequency selective surface using parallel LC resonance
- Author(s): Qiang Chen ; Liguo Liu ; Liang Chen ; Jiajun Bai ; Yunqi Fu
- Type: Article
-
Partial spectral search-based DOA estimation method for co-prime linear arrays
- Author(s): Fenggang Sun ; Peng Lan ; Bin Gao
- Type: Article
-
Experimental verification of on-chip CMOS fractional-order capacitor emulators
- Author(s): G. Tsirimokou ; C. Psychalinos ; A.S. Elwakil ; K.N. Salama
- Type: Article
-
54 Gbit/s OOK transmission using single-mode VCSEL up to 2.2 km MMF
- Author(s): G. Stepniak ; A. Lewandowski ; J.R. Kropp ; N.N. Ledentsov ; V.A. Shchukin ; N. Ledentsov Jr. ; G. Schaefer ; M. Agustin ; J.P. Turkiewicz
- Type: Article
