Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 48, Issue 15, 19 July 2012
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Volume 48, Issue 15
19 July 2012
In Brief
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, page: 890 –890
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.2393
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): Hamit Soyel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, page: 890 –890
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.2375
- Type: Article
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Dr Hamit Soyel from Queen Mary University of London in the UK talks about the research behind his Letter ‘Automatic image enhancement using intrinsic geometrical information’ on page 917. - Author(s): D. Davies
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, page: 891 –891
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.2391
- Type: Article
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A team from Tsinghua University, China, report an omnidirectional power receiving circuit for wireless power transfer (WPT) in capsule endoscopy (CE). The design significantly improves the power transfer efficiency, which could in future open up new diagnosis and treatment capabilities in capsules. - Author(s): R. Dobson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, page: 892 –892
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.2389
- Type: Article
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Russel Dobson from the University of Greenwich tells us more about his group's research in non-invasive blood testing.
Interview
Off-board power
Inside View
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- Author(s): Yunxue Xu ; Shuxi Gong ; Ying Guan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 895 –896
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1070
- Type: Article
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A coaxially fed microstrip antenna using a defected ground structure (DGS) for harmonic suppression is proposed, in which the DGS is distributed around the coaxially fed location. The effectiveness of the DGS is discussed for the suppression harmonic frequencies of the antenna. Experimental results show that application of the DGS near to the coaxially fed location of the microstrip antenna can remarkably suppress the harmonic frequencies. Measured radiation patterns indicate that, compared with the reference antenna, the forward radiation of the proposed antenna is suppressed by 20 dB at the second- and the third-harmonic frequency, and the backward radiation is almost not varied. - Author(s): J.-Y. Kim ; B.-C. Oh ; N. Kim ; S. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 896 –897
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1921
- Type: Article
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A novel triple band-notched antenna for UWB application is proposed. The triple band-notched characteristic is obtained by etching a complementary meander line split ring resonator inside the radiation patch and ground plane of a rectangular antenna. It is proved that the triple band-notched performance at 3.31, 5.81 and 8.53 GHz can be obtained by etching two resonator structures. The proposed antenna working from 2.4 to 12 GHz with a VSWR of less than 2 is demonstrated, except for selected notched bands. - Author(s): H. Moghadas ; M. Daneshmand ; P. Mousavi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 897 –899
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0918
- Type: Article
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A novel dual-band high-gain resonant cavity antenna (RCA) with orthogonal polarisation is presented. The RCA includes a single-layer single-sided superstrate of printed slotted patches located at a designated height above the ground plane of a microstrip patch antenna. The lower band has a measured gain of 18.06 dBi with the vertical polarisation (V-pol) at 10.25 GHz and the upper band has a gain of 19.41 dBi with horizontal polarisation (H-pol) at 11.05 GHz. The cross-polarisation (X-pol) is better than −26 dB at each band. The two bands are controlled arbitrarily and independently. To demonstrate it, two RCAs have been designed with band separation of 3.95 and 5.75 GHz. - Author(s): C.-Y. Wu ; J. Du ; A.-K. Ren ; J.-Y. Li
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 899 –900
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1168
- Type: Article
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The design concept, geometry, simulated and measured results of a large-area RFID reader antenna for the smart shelf at UHF are presented. The antenna is implemented by cascading two layers of microstrip lines and being terminated with a matched load. The proposed antenna can produce a uniform magnetic field even though the size of the antenna is large. It has a low far-field gain and adaptability of its dimension as per requirement. These properties make the antenna suitable for smart shelf RFID readers. - Author(s): J. Ethier ; D.A. McNamara ; M.R. Chaharmir ; J. Shaker
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 900 –902
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1457
- Type: Article
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A new technique for synthesising reflectarray antennas is presented. It uses fragmented elements in a way that allows the elements of the reflectarray to be shape-optimised so that a high degree of geometric similarity exists between adjacent elements. This implies that in the reflectarray each element will see an electromagnetic environment that more closely emulates the infinite periodic environment used to compute the element's properties. It is shown experimentally that this results in aperture efficiencies closely approaching the upper bounds achievable with a given feed system, and is a significant improvement over that obtained with conventional reflectarrays. - Author(s): D. Fazal ; Q.U. Khan ; M.B. Ihsan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 902 –903
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1880
- Type: Article
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The Koch fractals beyond the third iteration take on complex geometrical shapes and thus are difficult to implement. The possible solution to achieving high performance in antennas and to alleviate implementation issues is the use of partial Koch fractals. The introduction of partial boundaries to triangular patches results in antenna designs with high gain (9.44 dBi), low sidelobe levels (≤−20 dB), and improved return loss (−59dB). The design antenna can be used in applications such as indoor LANs, GSM booster units etc.
Coaxially fed microstrip antenna for harmonic suppression
Triple band-notched UWB antenna based on complementary meander line SRR
Dual-band high-gain resonant cavity antenna with orthogonal polarisation using slotted patch partially reflective superstrate
Large-area RFID reader antenna for smart shelf at UHF
Reflectarray design using similarity-shaped fragmented sub-wavelength elements
Use of partial Koch boundaries for improved return loss, gain and sidelobe levels of triangular patch antenna
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- Author(s): M. Bordet and S. Morfu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 903 –905
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1343
- Type: Article
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A neural circuit exactly ruled by the FitzHugh-Nagumo equations is excited by a biharmonic signal of frequencies f and F with respective amplitudes A and B. The magnitude spectrum of the circuit response is estimated at the low frequency driving f and presents a resonant behaviour against the amplitude B of the high frequency. For the first time, it is shown experimentally that this vibrational resonance effect is much more pronounced when the two frequencies are multiple. This novel enhancement is also confirmed by numerical predictions. Applications of this nonlinear effect to the detection of weak stimuli are finally discussed.
Experimental and numerical enhancement of vibrational resonance in neural circuit
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- Author(s): R. Dobson ; R. Wu ; P. Callaghan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 905 –906
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1811
- Type: Article
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An outline is presented of the design and preliminary tests of a method for tracking blood glucose levels using dielectric spectroscopy. The system designed uses a microwave cavity to measure the concentration of aqueous solutions of glucose, as a change in complex permittivity. The results of this research are very promising, finding frequency regions where only a single frequency needs to be applied to measure a change, allowing easy implementation of a practical system. - Author(s): T.J. Sun ; X. Xie ; G.L. Li ; Y.K. Gu ; Y.D. Deng ; Z.H. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 907 –908
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1687
- Type: Article
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A novel integrated omnidirectional wireless power receiving circuit for wireless powering endoscopy is presented. Effectively combining energy from all directions, the proposed circuit achieves an efficiency level that is 16.2% higher than the previous best results. Benefiting from this circuit design, the whole power link of the wireless endoscopy attains a maximal overall efficiency of 5.4% at a position near the back of the human body.
Blood glucose monitoring using microwave cavity perturbation
Integrated omnidirectional wireless power receiving circuit for wireless endoscopy
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- Author(s): J. Deza ; A. Ouslimani ; A. Konczykowska ; A. Kasbari ; J. Godin ; G. Pailler
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 908 –910
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1770
- Type: Article
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Performances of two switched emitter follower structures for large bandwidth applications have been optimised, compared, implemented and measured. These circuits have been fabricated with a 320 GHz-FT InP double heterojunction bipolar transistor process. Measurements in track mode show a small-signal bandwidth over 65 GHz for one structure and over 50 GHz for the other. Track mode SFDR measured for 500 mVPP up to 15 GHz signal input is greater than 45 dBc. - Author(s): S. Schidl ; K. Schweiger ; W. Gaberl ; H. Zimmermann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 910 –911
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0371
- Type: Article
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An analogously fine-tunable delay line in a standard 90 nm CMOS technology is proposed for use in on-chip measurements of asynchronous digital circuit elements. The implemented delay line achieves a maximum delay of 155 ps together with the possibility to fine and coarse tune the delay. Owing to its truly analogue tuning it can overcome the limitation of the minimum step sizes found in digital controllable delay lines. Performance verification of a produced test chip showed that a timing resolution of sub-picosecond is attained. Therefore the timing resolution of the proposed delay line exceeds that of common digital delay lines. - Author(s): Acheng Zhou ; Yang Wang ; Kehan Zhu ; Xiangliang Jin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 911 –913
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1091
- Type: Article
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Pickup effect for 5V NMOS and 18V lateral double-diffused NMOS under electrostatic discharge (ESD) stress is investigated and characterised by a transmission line pulse test system in a standard 0.5 µm 5V/18V CDMOS process, respectively. Experimental results show that 5V low-voltage multi-fingered NMOS devices cannot be turned-on uniformly with more added inner pickups and thus the ESD robustness degrades. For 18V high-voltage multi-fingered LDNMOS structures, it is critical to merge all pickups with the P-well guard-ring of the device to achieve uniform current conduction and better ESD performance. - Author(s): K. Jang ; S. Lee ; J. Lee ; J. Choi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 913 –914
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0739
- Type: Article
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The offset-voltage compensation technique is proposed for an accurate current-source circuit. This current source is made of a transistor, a resistor, and operational amplifier feedback in order to achieve a high output resistance as well as high accuracy of a generated current signal. Discrepancy from the ideal value mainly results from the offset voltage of the operational amplifier. The transconductance amplifier is utilised with a feedback loop that is controlled by the switched-capacitor integrator. The proposed technique is incorporated in the light-emitting diode driver circuit applications and successfully verified with hardware measurement. - Author(s): I. Soga ; A. Komuro ; O. Tsuboi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 914 –916
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1073
- Type: Article
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To realise a rectifying device utilising ZnO, self-switching devices (SSDs) have been fabricated using ZnO thin films. The SSDs do not require a p-type doping junction or a Schottky barrier. At first, normally-off ZnO thin film transistors were fabricated, which exhibited control of threshold voltage by the channel length. Thin film SSDs using a thin film transistor structure were successfully fabricated by connecting the gate electrode with the source electrode. Finally, half-wave rectification using thin film SSDs is demonstrated, which reveals the possibility of ZnO thin film SSDs for power supply.
65 GHz small-signal-bandwidth switched emitter follower in InP heterojunction bipolar transistors
Analogously tunable delay line for on-chip measurements with sub-picosecond resolution in 90 nm CMOS
Investigation of pickup effect for multi-fingered ESD devices in 0.5 µm 5V/18V CDMOS process
Offset-voltage compensation for accurate current-source circuit
Rectifying characteristics of thin film self-switching devices with ZnO deposited by atomic layer deposition
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- Author(s): T. Temel and H. Ashrafiuon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 916 –917
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1576
- Type: Article
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A new sliding-mode control method is presented in which the nominal control is derived from a manifold consisting of the standard sliding manifold expression and its derivative. It is shown that the new method yields a faster reach time. Simulation results also show that it performs with smaller error and less control effort compared to standard counterparts in tracking an autonomous nonlinear affine system.
Sliding-mode control approach for faster tracking
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- Author(s): H. Soyel and P.W. McOwan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 917 –919
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1606
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A new image enhancement algorithm based on nonsubsampled contourlet transform is presented. Low contrast images are transformed into multi-scale and multi-directional contour information, where a nonlinear mapping function is used to modify the contour coefficients at each level. The enhancement is achieved by amplifying weak edges and inhibiting the background noise while adjusting the dynamic range. Experiments show the proposed algorithm preserves the intrinsic geometrical information of the enhanced image and can be effectively applied to a wide range of image types under diverse illumination conditions. - Author(s): F.M. Bayer and R.J. Cintra
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 919 –921
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1148
- Type: Article
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A low-complexity 8-point orthogonal approximate discrete cosine transform (DCT) is introduced. The proposed transform requires no multiplications or bit-shift operations. The derived fast algorithm requires only 14 additions, less than any existing DCT approximation. Moreover, in several image compression scenarios, the proposed transform could outperform the well-known signed DCT, as well as state-of-the-art algorithms. - Author(s): S.X. Chen and F.W. Li
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 921 –922
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1441
- Type: Article
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To reduce the computational overhead of the codebook design of vector quantisation, a fast codebook design method is proposed. In this method, the energy distribution of vectors is improved by rearranging the elements of vectors based on the information of the energy distribution at each dimension of the initial codebook. Then using the subvectors and their characteristic values, a three-step elimination criterion is introduced to efficiently reduce computational overheads. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of arithmetical operations and search space. - Author(s): S.-W. Ha ; H.-C. Park ; T.-D. Han
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 922 –924
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0784
- Type: Article
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Digital image stabilisation for mobile devices based on real-time phase correlation with support for the SIMD data path is presented. By using sub-image projection, the phase correlation process can be fitted within the real-time criteria. The proposed method acquires a global motion vector from a sub-image at the centre of the viewport, which is projected onto the x- and y-axes on which the phase correlation is performed. The projection stage and the FFT calculations are accelerated using the Neon SIMD engine that is facilitated in the ARM CPU. With this acceleration, the global motion vector for each image frame can be calculated in<20 ms on the Samsung Galaxy S smartphone running at 1.0 GHz. - Author(s): J.S. Kim ; J.Y. Lee ; B.D. Choi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 924 –925
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0438
- Type: Article
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A high-slew-rate low-power rail-to-rail buffer amplifier, which is suitable for thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT LCD) data driver applications, is proposed. Previous dynamic biasing approaches become ineffective as an output signal approaches VDD or VSS supplies. However, the proposed buffer amplifier with a dynamic biasing circuit enhances the slew rate throughout the entire rail-to-rail signal range. The buffer amplifier and the previous counterparts were fabricated in a 0.35 µm CMOS technology with 3.3 V supply voltage. Measurements show that the slew rate for rail-to-rail signal transition is enhanced from 0.80 V/µs of a previous counterpart to 2.75 V/µs.
Automatic image enhancement using intrinsic geometrical information
DCT-like transform for image compression requires 14 additions only
Fast codebook design of vector quantisation
Mobile digital image stabilisation using SIMD data path
Slew-rate-enhanced rail-to-rail buffer amplifier for TFT LCD data drivers
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- Author(s): F.Y. Qian ; R.K. Mai ; Y.S. Zhu ; S.H. Leung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 926 –927
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0543
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a greedy algorithm based power control technique to improve the minimum square Euclidean distance (MSED), which is directly related to the error performance of MIMO systems employing maximum-likelihood receivers. The basic idea is to allocate an evenly divided portion of power to the transmit antenna which will give the maximum system MSED during each iteration. In that case, the system MSED can be increased to the greatest extent by the allocation of all available power. Simulations show that it achieves the optimal performance for the two-stream case, and has attractive performance advantages over the equal power transmission for MIMO systems with a larger number of transmit antennas. - Author(s): JinWoo Yoo ; JaeWook Shin ; Hyun-Tack Choi ; PooGyeon Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 927 –929
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1563
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a novel affine projection sign algorithm with L0-norm cost to improve the convergence rate in a sparse system. The proposed algorithm is robust to impulsive noise due to L1-norm minimisation. It also ensures improved performance in terms of convergence rate owing to the L0-norm cost. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm improves the filter performance of sparse system identification. - Author(s): J. Lee ; H. Lim ; D.-W. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 929 –930
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1600
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a new multi-label feature selection method that captures relationships between features and labels without transforming the problem into single-label classification. Using approximated joint mutual information, the proposed incremental feature selection algorithm provides markedly better classification performance than well-known conventional methods.
Greedy algorithm based power control technique for MIMO systems with maximum likelihood receiver
Improved affine projection sign algorithm for sparse system identification
Approximating mutual information for multi-label feature selection
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- Author(s): Jui-Ching Cheng ; Eric S. Li ; Yu Jia Huang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 931 –932
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1541
- Type: Article
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The technique of dual transmission lines is applied to replace quarter-wave transformers for impedance transformation. By varying the electrical lengths of the two lines, the bandwidths of the proposed impedance transformers are reduced and become adjustable. Two designs are presented to illustrate these characteristics. The rectangular configuration minimises the coupling between its input/output ports; whereas the ring configuration allows the two ports to be arranged in any desired directions. Simulation results indicate the larger the difference between the electric lengths of the dual transmission lines, the narrower the bandwidth of the proposed impedance transformer. The validity of the computed data is verified by measuring examples prepared for both designs. The measurement data are in close agreement with the simulation results. - Author(s): L. Minkevičius ; R. Suzanovičienė ; S. Balakauskas ; G. Molis ; A. Krotkus ; G. Valušis ; V. Tamošiūnas
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 932 –934
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1995
- Type: Article
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Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy was applied to measure the reflectivity spectra of a silicon solar cell with tab wire soldering defects. It was demonstrated that THz phase imaging data allows a reliable estimation of height differences of bulging tab wires within 22% as tested for 0.63 and 1.07 mm loop peaks. Such measurements can be implemented for automated defect correction in future solar module production lines. - Author(s): Hee-Ran Ahn ; Young Kim ; Byungjoon Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 934 –935
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1584
- Type: Article
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A microstrip three-port power divider with a power division ratio of 10 is suggested and fabricated. To reduce the size and difference between four transmission-line sections, a modified T-equivalent circuit is employed. The total transmission-line length required for the fabrication is only 44.4% of the conventional design and the measured results are in good agreement with predicted ones, showing that with the power division ratio of 10, return losses at all ports are better than 19.7 dB and isolation is better than 35 dB at a design centre frequency of 1 GHz. - Author(s): K.-W. Hsu and W.-H. Tu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 935 –937
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1735
- Type: Article
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A quad-band bandpass filter using a meandering structure is proposed. The proposed filter consists of two sets of stepped-impedance resonators with meandering structures and a pair of feeding lines with four-diverged shape. Considering the design freedom and circuit size, each pair of resonators determines two passbands. The advantages of meandering structures include generating two transmission zeros for better passband selectivity, suppressing the harmonic passband, and reducing the circuit size. - Author(s): A. Tsuchiya ; H. Sugama ; N. Hidaka ; K. Miyamoto ; S. Tsujino ; O. Hashimoto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 937 –938
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.2090
- Type: Article
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The relative complex permittivities of dielectric substrates for flexible printed circuits (FPCs) at 10 GHz were measured by the perturbation method using a cylindrical cavity resonator for temperatures ranging from 27 to 100 °C. The temperature dependencies of the ɛγ and tan δ values of polyimide (PI) substrates were greatly changed by the moisture absorption properties. The ετ and tan δ of a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) substrate were not affected by temperature and were lower than those of the PI substrate below 70 °C. The temperature dependencies of the dielectric losses of microstrip lines (MSLs) for FPCs were evaluated. These losses were found to be more stable and lower for an LCP substrate than for a PI substrate.
Designs of bandwidth-controllable impedance transformers using dual transmission lines
Detection of tab wire soldering defects on silicon solar cells using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Planar 10:1 unequal three-port power dividers using general design equations
Sharp-rejection quad-band bandpass filter using meandering structure
Temperature dependence of transmission characteristics of flexible printed circuits in microwave band
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- Author(s): B. Goll and H. Zimmermann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 938 –940
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1548
- Type: Article
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A 10 Gbit/s modulator driver in SiGe 0.25 µm BiCMOS technology, which is supplied by 2.5 and 3.5 V with a low power consumption of 680 mW and a differential output voltage swing of 5 Vpp is presented. The non-inverted as well as the inverted outputs deliver a voltage between 0 and 2.5 V so that no bias-tee is needed at the output. Additional to the low-power design, a passive network instead of an additional amplifier circuit for driving the cascode transistors, which limit the collector-emitter voltage of each transistor in the output stage below breakdown, is presented. According to bit error rate (BER) measurements with a pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) with the length 231−1 the BER is better than 10−12 to input voltage differences down to 40 mVpp. The rise/fall (20 to 80%) time is 45ps/30ps, respectively. The modulator driver has been developed for integration together with a silicon optical phase modulator. - Author(s): C.H. Yeh ; C.W. Chow ; H.Y. Chen ; J.Y. Sung ; Y.L. Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 940 –942
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1329
- Type: Article
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A 10 Gbit/s OFDM upstream transmission has been investigated by using a Fabry-Pérot laser diode (FP-LD) based ONU with seeding-light in a colourless WDM-PON. Also demonstrated is the relationship of CW injection power and SNR of each OFDM subcarrier for a modelocked FP-LD. Moreover, when a 16-QAM OFDM modulation is applied in a modelocked FP-LD, −15.7 dBm received sensitivity at the BER of 3.8×10−3 can be obtained after 20 km fibre transmission.
10 Gbit/s SiGe modulator driver with 37 dB gain and 680 mW power consumption
Demonstration of using injection-locked Fabry-Pérot laser diode for 10 Gbit/s 16-QAM OFDM WDM-PON
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- Author(s): S.-W. Guan ; C.-W. Kuo ; C.-C. Wang ; T. Kitazawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 942 –943
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0494
- Type: Article
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The co-design of power and signal integrity issues on a quad flat non-lead (QFN) package is described. A novel decoupling capacitor is achieved by separating the die pad and footprint, coating a solder mask on the footprint and connecting the footprint to the printed circuit board power plane through a via. Large capacitance between power (footprint) and ground (die pad) resulted from the thin mask and large die pad lowering the input impedance of the power delivery network without parasitic effects at low frequency. A power bridge and a ground bridge are introduced to substitute the wire bond to decrease the inductance and hence the impedance magnitude up to 30%, thus enhancing the power integrity at high frequency. A modified design called hybrid power/ground exhibits great signal integrity by providing good reference for signals. The thermal dissipation is also better than the first design through direct contact of the die pad and the footprint ground regions. The overall design demonstrates excellent broadband performance for signal and power integrity.
Power and signal integrity co-design for quad flat non-lead package
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- Author(s): A. Sulaiman ; S.W. Harun ; I. Aryanfar ; H. Ahmad
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 943 –945
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1435
- Type: Article
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Demonstrated is a microfibre Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure which is capable of sensing current changes from 0 A up to 2.5 A with constant fixed wavelength shift, in linear increment pattern. The fine thin copper wire of 0.16 mm radii, 60 mm length used to carry electrical current is touched to the arms of the MZI. The refractive index of microfibre will change when the temperature of the microfibre rises owing to the flow of electric current. Based on this effect, the resonant wavelength of the MZI will shift. The experimental results show that the wavelength shift is linearly proportional to the square of current and maximum tuning slope 0.32 nm/A2 is achieved using fresh fabricated MZ microfibre. By increasing the touch point area between the copper wire to the MZI structure, the phase shift increased with tuning slope 0.54 nm/A2. - Author(s): Qiaoyin Lu ; Weihua Guo ; A. Abdullaev ; M. Nawrocka ; T.N. Huynh ; J. O'Callaghan ; M. Lynch ; V. Weldon ; L.P. Barry ; J.F. Donegan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 945 –946
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1774
- Type: Article
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A high-yield no-regrowth two-section singlemode laser based on multiple slots suitable for monolithic photonic integration is presented. By tuning the back section current, the fabricated laser exhibits a stable singlemode performance with a sidemode suppression-ratio of more than 42dB over a temperature range from 15 to 65°C. A linewidth of around 2.7 MHz is measured for the fabricated laser using the standard delayed self-heterodye technique.
DC current sensing capability of microfibre Mach-Zehnder interferometer
Two-section singlemode lasers based on slots suitable for photonic integration
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- Author(s): Yeon Jung Seong ; Choon Sik Cho ; Jae W. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 947 –948
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1572
- Type: Article
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The design is reported of a digital pre-distortion (DPD) architecture based on the affine projection algorithm (AP) for RF power amplifiers operating in 900 MHz band. The linearity of the RF power amplifier with an OFDM signal is significantly improved by employing the proposed DPD system, where the look-up table method is used with nonlinear indexing. The proposed DPD with the AP algorithm is compared with that of the normalised least mean square algorithm, when applied to RF power amplifiers. Measurement shows improvement of the adjacent channel leakage ratio by 21 dB. - Author(s): K.-J. Park ; S.-M. Kang ; H.S. Kim ; C.-W. Baek ; T.K. Chung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 948 –949
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1748
- Type: Article
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A novel light energy scavenging system is presented, which employs a MEMS switch as the gate driver of a MOSFET in a power management circuit, for scavenging energy in ultra-low light condition. Measurements show that, in a 5lx illumination condition, the wireless temperature sensor node powered by a palm-size solar cell array can autonomously transmit RF data to a receiver 20 m away every 9 minutes. The experimental results demonstrate the most sensitive energy scavenging system ever reported, and offer great potential for realising practical self-sustaining wireless devices.
Digital pre-distortion architecture for RF power amplifier based on affine projection algorithm
Energy scavenging system utilising MEMS switch for power management
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- Author(s): J.C. Merlano-Duncan ; J.J. Mallorquí ; P. López-Dekker
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 950 –951
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1896
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a new carrier phase synchronisation scheme used to provide a stable phase reference to a very distant station. Channel induced phase fluctuations are characterised and compensated for with a round-trip loop in which three different frequency tones are simultaneously used. The bandwidth required to allocate this set of tones is independent of carrier frequency. - Author(s): W. Kang ; D.W. Yang ; K. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 951 –953
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.0927
- Type: Article
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A shared-arm dipole array (SADA) is designed and its radiation pattern analysed. When using a 2D physical array to image a target, arranging the antenna elements in a longitudinal direction becomes problematic owing to the limited element spacing for alias-free sampling. Therefore, the proposed structure is designed such that two dipoles share a single arm, achieving proper space for antenna elements. As a proof-of-concept, a two-port SADA is designed. The initial array shows radiation pattern distortion, which may negatively affect the radar imaging performance. To correct this distortion, antenna arms are resistively loaded. The results show that resistive loading effectively corrects the tilted beam, allowing the proposed structure to be more suitable for imaging radar applications.
Carrier phase synchronisation scheme for very long baseline coherent arrays
Design of shared-arm dipole array for imaging radar applications
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- Author(s): H.-J. Song ; K. Ajito ; Y. Muramoto ; A. Wakatsuki ; T. Nagatsuma ; N. Kukutsu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 953 –954
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1708
- Type: Article
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Presented is 24 Gbit/s wireless data transmission at 300 GHz using a uni-travelling carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) emitter and Schottky barrier diode detector, which were designed and fabricated for larger bandwidth. Both the emitter and the detector were fabricated on the same epi-layer of the UTC-PD. At the link distance of around 50 cm, a bit error rate of less than 1 ×10−10 has been achieved with the transmitted power from the UTC-PD of less than 200 µW and effective antenna gains of 40 and 35 dBi in the emitter and detector sides, respectively. - Author(s): J.A. Arenas ; I. Eizmendi ; U. Gil ; P. Angueira ; A. Garcia
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 955 –956
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3599
- Type: Article
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The impact of single frequency operation on the performance of dense SFN broadcast networks targeting mobile reception is investigated and a novel methodology for accurate calculation of the single frequency network (SFN) effect in network planning is presented. - Author(s): Wei Wang ; Qunying Zhang ; Guangyou Fang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 956 –957
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1379
- Type: Article
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A novel programmable ultra-wideband coded signal generator based on digital integrated circuits is designed. The bipolar impulse can be generated by a transformer without any analogue circuit. A pseudorandom code is used to modulate the monocycle impulse by the time modulation (TM) scheme. The width of a monocycle pulse is variable along with the frequency of the input clock and delay time. The minimum width is as small as 0.625 ns and the amplitude is 0.64 V peak-to-peak. - Author(s): Liang Li ; Ling Qiu ; Guo Wei
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 957 –959
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1901
- Type: Article
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This reported work considers multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) interference channels, and a decentralised precoding scheme based on maximising the signal to weighted generated interference plus noise ratio is proposed with only locally available channel state information at each transmitter. By weighted suppression of the generated interference, each transmitter effectively achieves a balance between desired signal maximisation and weighted generated interference minimisation. Simulation results confirm that proposed precoding scheme offers significant sum rate enhancement in MIMO interference channels. - Author(s): C. Zhang ; J. Ge ; J. Li ; Y. Hu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 959 –961
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1474
- Type: Article
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The outage performance fairness on asymmetric two-way amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying networks is investigated. Power allocation is proposed to minimise maximum individual outage probability so as to maintain the balance between the two end nodes. It is shown that the outage performance fairness is finally achieved under various traffic requirements. Furthermore, the proposed power allocation can also obtain the system balance and improve the overall system outage performance compared with conventional uniform power allocation. - Author(s): S.-J. Kweon ; S.-H. Shin ; H.-J. Yoo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 961 –962
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1461
- Type: Article
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A temporal moving-average (TMA) filter that has a high-order sinc-type frequency response is proposed. The proposed TMA filter has a smaller size and higher gain than conventional filters. To verify the proposed architecture, a third-order TMA filter is designed using TSMC 0.13 µm CMOS technology and is compared with a theoretical analysis. Circuit level simulations show good agreement with the theoretical analysis. - Author(s): B.Z. Jin ; S. Zhang ; J. Pan ; X.K. Lin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 48, Issue 15, p. 963 –964
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2012.1645
- Type: Article
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p.
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Based on characteristics of sparsity and significance of the narrowband interference (NBI) signal in the fast Fourier transform domain even at sub-Nyquist sampling rate, a novel NBI detection and mitigation scheme is proposed. An orthogonal matrix for projecting the discrete-time NBI signal into a zero vector is derived. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can greatly improve the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio.
24 Gbit/s data transmission in 300 GHz band for future terahertz communications
Planning methodology for mobile broadcasting in dense SFN networks
Programmable ultra-wideband coded signal generator
Decentralised precoding scheme for MIMO interference channels
Fairness-aware power allocation for asymmetric two-way AF relaying networks
High-order temporal moving-average filter using a multi-transconductance amplifier
Sub-Nyquist sampling based narrowband interference mitigation in UWB impulse radio
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