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1350-911X
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0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 47, Issue 21, 13 October 2011
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Volume 47, Issue 21
13 October 2011
In Brief
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, page: 1158 –1158
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3077
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): Ai Bo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, page: 1158 –1158
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3074
- Type: Article
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Professor Ai Bo from Beijing Jiaotong University in China is Vice Director of The State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety. Here he talks about the research behind his group's Letter ‘Propagation measurements and analysis for high-speed railway cutting scenario' on page 1167. - Author(s): J. Baldwin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, page: 1159 –1159
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3076
- Type: Article
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A film bulk acoustic-wave resonator (FBAR)-based biosensor for the detection of cancer has been has been fabricated by researchers from Shandong University in China. Their device is designed to detect the presence of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which is a serological marker for a number of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, the third leading cause of death from cancer in the world. The detection of these proteins is not straightforward, as a concentration of just 500 ng/ml of AFP can suggest the presence of cancer. The group's device can detect a concentration of 1 ng/ml, and can be integrated onto a single CMOS chip, significantly reducing time and cost.Previous sensors for these serological markers have fallen into two categories. One kind requires the marker to be labelled and then detected. This can be time-consuming and invasive. More recently, label-free techniques have been developed. These use optical or gravimetric systems, including surface plasmon resonance devices, quartz microbalances and surface acoustic waves. However, these methods tend to be expensive and do not have the required sensitivity. As a consequence, FBARs present the best candidate for practical cancer detection. - Author(s): D. Davies
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, page: 1160 –1160
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.3067
- Type: Article
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Researchers at New Mexico State University are presenting the concept of hybrid symbols for more robust radiofrequency (RF)/free space optical (FSO) hybrid communication links.
Interview
Unlabelled markers
Hybrid symbology
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- Author(s): Y.-Y. Bai ; S. Xiao ; M.-C. Tang ; C. Liu ; B.-Z. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1163 –1164
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2601
- Type: Article
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A novel pattern reconfigurable patch antenna with a microstrip configuration is proposed. The antenna consists of a disc patch, a ring and eight radially symmetrically distributed microstrip monopoles. The patterns are reconfigured by shifting the states of the eight switches and eight reconfigurable states are available. Each conical pattern around the broadside of the antenna has a wide beam width in the azimuth plane and the eight reconfigurable patterns can cover continuously the space in the horizontal plane. The performance is very advantageous for smart antenna applications on future mobile terminals. - Author(s): J.K. Lee and K. Chang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1164 –1165
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2171
- Type: Article
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A two layer dual-band switched beam system operating at two separate frequency bands is proposed. This system consists of a dual-band 4×4 Butler matrix at the bottom layer and a dual-band microstrip antenna array at the top layer. The antenna array is fed by a Butler matrix to produce four beams that can be tilted in different four directions. A modified Butler matrix consists of branch line couplers and −45° phase shifters without any crossovers. The system provides a tilted beam of ±14° and ±47° at 3.95 GHz and ±10° and ±28° at 7.3 GHz. - Author(s): B.T. Taddese ; T.M. Antonsen ; E. Ott ; S.M. Anlage
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1165 –1167
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2047
- Type: Article
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An iterative technique for improving the temporal focusing of a time reversal mirror is proposed and tested. A single amplification parameter is introduced to tune the convergence of the iteration. The tunable iterative technique has been validated by tests on an experimental electromagnetic time reversal mirror, as well as on a novel numerical model. - Author(s): R. He ; Z. Zhong ; B. Ai ; J. Ding
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1167 –1168
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2383
- Type: Article
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Presented is the statistical analysis of radio wave propagation in a high-speed railway cutting scenario, derived from 930 MHz measurements taken along the ‘Zhengzhou-Xi'an’ high-speed railway of China. The crown width and bottom width of the cutting are well-covered by the proposed models. The Ricean distribution offers a good fit and the K-factor is found to be lognormal, with a mean value of 1.88 dB and standard deviation of 3.29 dB.
Pattern reconfigurable antenna with wide angle coverage
Dual-band switched beam array fed by dual-band Butler matrix
Iterative time reversal with tunable convergence
Propagation measurements and analysis for high-speed railway cutting scenario
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- Author(s): D. Chen ; J.J. Wang ; D.H. Li ; Z.X. Li
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1169 –1170
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2414
- Type: Article
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Presented is a label-free biosensor based on a film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) to detect one of the cancer markers of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The FBAR consisted of a ZnO piezoelectric stack and works near 2.1 GHz. The monoclonal anti-AFP antibody was coated on the surface of the piezoelectric stack as the special bioprobe. Experimental results demonstrate that the FBAR based biosensor can detect AFP antigen successfully without chemical or fluorescent labelling. The minimum detectable AFP concentration of the proposed biosensor is 1 ng/ml with high selectivity. The advantages of this sensor, including the sample fabrication process, ease of detection method, low cost, high sensitive and high-throughput, mean that it has much promise in cancer diagnosis. - Author(s): J. Aslam ; P. Merken ; R. Huys ; M. Akif Erismis ; R. Firat Yazicioglu ; R. Puers ; C. Van Hoof
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1170 –1172
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.1966
- Type: Article
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Presented is a new method for implementing sensor arrays for in vitro recording of neural action potentials. A key feature of the system is that it is divided into two parts, i.e. neural activity detection and neural recording, which softens key design trade-offs such as noise, power, sensor pitch, and observability. The term observability is defined as the percentage of the total sensors that can be monitored in real time. This system should provide high observability, low noise, low power and reasonable pitch with all these key specifications within acceptable limits compared to the state-of-the-art work where at least one of these key specifications is severely sacrificed in the pursuit of others. A 16×16 sub-array system for in vitro neural front-end recording has been implemented in 0.35 µm CMOS and electrical measurement results are presented.
Film bulk acoustic resonator based biosensor for detection of cancer serological marker
Activity based neural front-end recording system
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- Author(s): J. Aguirre ; N. Medrano ; B. Calvo ; S. Celma
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1172 –1173
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2472
- Type: Article
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Presented is a 3 V single supply analogue lock-in amplifier designed for processing output sensor signals in highly noisy environments. The proposed amplifier uses square input signals instead of the usual sinusoidal signals, consequently allowing a straight interface with microcontroller-based sensing systems working with both resistive and capacitive transducers. Experimental results for noisy signals with DC voltage variation confirm the capability of the proposed solution to effectively recover information from signal-to-noise ratios down to −24 dB with errors below 6% and with an average power consumption of only 5 mW in full operation.
Lock-in amplifier for portable sensing systems
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- Author(s): R.A. MacLachlan and C.N. Riviere
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1173 –1175
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2555
- Type: Article
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A voltage-current converter is described having a quasi-complementary class-AB architecture that is particularly suited to implementation using discrete power MOSFETs. High-voltage mirror designs are presented, enabling the construction of sources with kilovolt compliance range, tens of watts of output power and greater than 100 kHz bandwidth. GΩ output impedance and distortion below 1% can be obtained with no trimming or transistor matching.
Power voltage-current converter using quasi-complementary MOSFET current mirrors
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- Author(s): J. Jia ; G. Jiang ; C. Wu ; L. Quan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1175 –1176
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2608
- Type: Article
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An accurate and flexible positioning method using a sphere is presented, which can be used in machine vision systems. By exploring a new geometric interpretation that the image of a sphere is concentric with the image of the absolute conic, it is shown that there are three constraint equations that can be used for fitting the image of the sphere with the known camera intrinsic parameters. Experimental results demonstrate that the positioning accuracy of this method is much higher than that of the traditional method. - Author(s): J. Chang ; D.S. Yoo ; J.H. Park ; S.H. Park ; M.G. Kang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1176 –1178
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2496
- Type: Article
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The proposed image upscaling technique uses an edge directional kernel during the interpolation process to improve the edge quality of upscaled images. Especially, the kernel is applied to a set of temporarily interpolated pixels (TIPs), which are distributed symmetrically around the target pixel. When images are upscaled by an arbitrary magnification factor, the arrangement of input data is often asymmetric with respect to the target pixel. This asymmetric arrangement makes it more complicated to perform edge directional interpolation (EDI). In the proposed method, the asymmetric interpolation lattice problems are simplified as symmetric ones by using the symmetrically arranged set of TIPs. Therefore, the EDI process is performed simply within this symmetric grid, even in cases of arbitrary ratio enlargement. - Author(s): S. Ryu and K. Sohn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1178 –1180
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2222
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a no-reference sharpness metric that employs the concept of inherent sharpness. It provides a perceptual sharpness score based on wavelet coefficients. The proposed metric is highly correlated with subjective sharpness evaluations and outperforms other state-of-the-art metrics. - Author(s): X. Ji ; Y. Zhang ; Q. Dai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1180 –1181
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.1815
- Type: Article
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A frame-compatible opposite parity packing arrangement with a spatial and inter-view correlation-based interpolation is proposed for stereoscopic video coding. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to efficiently improve compression efficiency of stereoscopic video coding. - Author(s): S.M. Yoon and A. Kuijper
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1181 –1183
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2158
- Type: Article
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A sketch-based 3D model retrieval methodology by using compressive sensing (CS) is presented. The approach to search and automatically return a set of 3D mesh models from a large database consists of histogram of oriented gradient feature extraction from projected images of 3D models, and CS based classification technique. Experimental results show that the proposed 3D model retrieval is very efficient to search for the 3D models from user-drawn sketches including the variation of shape, pose, and view-points. - Author(s): F. Rameau ; D.D. Sidibé ; C. Demonceaux ; D. Fofi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1183 –1184
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2838
- Type: Article
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An effective technique for applying visual tracking algorithms to omnidirectional image sequences is presented. The method is based on a spherical image representation which allows taking into account the distortions and nonlinear resolution of omnidirectional images. Experimental results show that both deterministic and probabilistic tracking methods can effectively be adapted in order to robustly track an object with an omnidirectional camera.
Accurate positioning using sphere in single views
Edge directional interpolation for image upscaling with temporarily interpolated pixels
No-reference sharpness metric based on inherent sharpness
Opposite parity packing arrangement for stereoscopic video coding
Sketch-based 3D model retrieval using compressive sensing classification
Visual tracking with omnidirectional cameras: an efficient approach
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- Author(s): D. Kbaier Ben Ismail ; C. Douillard ; S. Kerouédan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1184 –1186
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2258
- Type: Article
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The influence of the degree profile on the performance of an irregular turbo code (TC) is analysed using hierarchical EXtrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts. Then, an irregular TC concatenated with a post-encoder of unity rate at its output is proposed to improve the distance properties. Through the example of 3GPP2 interleaving, the gain at low but also at high signal-to-noise ratios is illustrated.
Improving irregular turbo codes
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- Author(s): A. Bičiūnas ; Y.V. Malevich ; A. Krotkus
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1186 –1187
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.1925
- Type: Article
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The terahertz (THz) power radiated by the femtosecond laser excited semiconductor surfaces was measured by the Golay cell. Intrinsic InSb crystals as well as n- and p-type InAs were investigated by using three different wavelength, 780, 1030, 1550 nm, femtosecond lasers. It has been shown that p-type InAs crystal is the most efficient THz emitter for all three laser wavelengths with a nearly constant optical-to-THz power conversion efficiency of approximately 10−6.
Excitation wavelength dependences of terahertz emission from surfaces of InSb and InAs
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- Author(s): N. Ghosh ; W.P. Kang ; J.L. Davidson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1187 –1189
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2583
- Type: Article
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Successful fabrication and characterisation of a vacuum microelectronic half-wave rectifier and envelope detector using a 2000-fingered nanodiamond lateral field emitter diode with 4 µm inter-electrode spacing is reported. The electrical characterisation demonstrates low turn-on field (∼1.4 V/µm) and high emission current, verified by the Flower-Nordheim plot. The diode is then connected in appropriate circuits to realise half-wave rectification and envelope detection. This approach demonstrates a new way of developing temperature- and radiation-tolerant integrated microelectronics.
Half-wave rectification and envelope detection utilising monolithic nanodiamond lateral field emission diode
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- Author(s): K. Kumar and D.K. Borah
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1189 –1190
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2169
- Type: Article
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Novel hybrid symbols for parallel free space optical and radio frequency links using bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative detection are proposed. An asymptotic bit error performance analysis for the proposed hybrid symbols is developed. The proposed symbol mapping achieves gains of several dBs over conventional mappings.
Hybrid symbols for parallel optical/RF channels using BICM-ID
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- Author(s): W. Qiu and J.-X. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1190 –1191
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2507
- Type: Article
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A novel optical filter with a modified Rowland grating structure is proposed and has been fabricated. The passband width was 50 GHz with an output waveguide width of 0.5 µm, which was one channel of the dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) system. The fabricated device also showed a compact footprint of less than 0.1 mm2. - Author(s): Z.C. Wang ; P. Jin ; X.Q. Lv ; X.K. Li ; Z.G. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1191 –1193
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2852
- Type: Article
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A 1.1 µm high-power quantum dot superluminescent diode has been fabricated by using a two-section device structure which consists of a superluminescent section and an optical amplifier section. The device exhibits 380 mW output power with 50 nm bandwidth or 260 mW output power with 66 nm bandwidth. - Author(s): C.N. Atkins ; A.B. Krysa ; D.G. Revin ; K. Kennedy ; J.P. Commin ; J.W. Cockburn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1193 –1194
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2917
- Type: Article
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A λ≃9.7 µm GaAs/Al0.45Ga0.55As quantum cascade laser with an In0.47Al0.53P waveguide is reported that demonstrates record low threshold current densities for the GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs materials system in the mid-infrared. Under pulsed operation, threshold current densities of 2.2 and 4.4 kA/cm2 are observed at 240 and 300 K, respectively, and laser emission is maintained up to temperatures of at least 330 K. The laser was grown by metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy, and emits peak optical powers of up to 0.57 W at 240 K and 0.16 W at 300 K. - Author(s): N. Verscheure and C. Finot
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1194 –1196
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2527
- Type: Article
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Presented is a proof of principle experiment demonstrating the benefits of using a triangular temporal profile in the context of copying and wavelength conversion of telecommunication signals. Generated by passive nonlinear reshaping in a set of two carefully chosen fibres, the triangular shape enables efficient temporal and spectral doubling of the signals through self-phase modulation.
Demonstration of narrow passband optical filter for DWDM system with modified Rowland grating structure
High-power quantum dot superluminescent diode with integrated optical amplifier section
Low threshold room temperature GaAs/AlGaAs quantum cascade laser with InAlP waveguide
Pulse doubling and wavelength conversion through triangular nonlinear pulse reshaping
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- Author(s): W. Pan ; J. Wang ; J. Huangfu ; C. Li ; L. Ran
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1196 –1198
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2419
- Type: Article
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A voltage-controlled tunable phase shifter is introduced in the architecture of a microwave Doppler radar to eliminate the null point problem in the non-contact vital sign detection. With a simple control mechanism, the phase of the demodulated signal can be effectively adjusted, providing an opportunity to always lock the radar system to the optimum point. Experiment demonstrates that such a method results in a significant improvement in measurement accuracy.
Null point elimination using RF phase shifter in continuous-wave Doppler radar system
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- Author(s): J.C. Yan ; C.H. Tian ; J. Huang ; F. Albertao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1198 –1199
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.1573
- Type: Article
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In the signal processing domain, there has been growing interest in sparse coding with a trained overcomplete dictionary instead of a predefined one. Sparse coding is advocated as an effective mathematical description for the underlying principle of human sensory systems. Proposed is a framework for online fault detection with applications to oil pipeline leakage detection. The method first performs supervised offline overcomplete dictionary training using the labelled samples. During the online stage, the dictionary is continuously updated in an incremental fashion to adapt to the varied upcoming samples.
Incremental dictionary learning for fault detection with applications to oil pipeline leakage detection
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- Author(s): J.I. Agbinya
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1199 –1201
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2757
- Type: Article
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A new technique for reducing crosstalk and increasing system capacity by separating identical inductive nearest neighbour transmitters and nearest neighbour coupling between transmitter and receiver is proposed. The technique is used to create a network-architecture for inductive internet of things. It reduces crosstalk by a large order of magnitude and also increases the capacity of the system by at least eight times. - Author(s): H.B. Zhang and X.X. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, p. 1201 –1202
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2380
- Type: Article
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To advance the spectral efficiency further, a dynamic subcarrier allocation technique is investigated using the noisy chaotic neural network (NCNN) in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) downlink system. By constructing the energy function elaborately, and fully exploiting the multiuser diversity gain, compared to existing schemes the proposed algorithm finds a better solution through the rich neurodynamics (stochastic noise and flexible chaos) of the NCNN.
Framework for wide area networking of inductive internet of things
Resource allocation for downlink OFDM system using noisy chaotic neural network
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- Author(s): G.V. Weinberg
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, page: 1203 –1203
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2847
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): C.-Y. Kuo ; A.Y.-K. Chen ; C.-M. Lee ; C.-H. Luo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 47, Issue 21, page: 1203 –1203
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2011.2676
- Type: Article
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Erratum for ‘Coherent multilook detection for targets in Pareto distributed clutter’
Erratum for ‘Miniature 60 GHz slow-wave CPW branch-line coupler using 90 nm digital CMOS process’
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