Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 46, Issue 4, 18 February 2010
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Volume 46, Issue 4
18 February 2010
In Brief
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, page: 260 –260
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.9010
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): A. Fabre
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, page: 260 –260
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.9008
- Type: Article
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Researchers at the Université de Bordeaux in France have introduced a new family of second-order filters called shadow filters. Professor Alain Fabre, who has lead the High Speed Analogue Research Team since 1995, tells us about the significance of this latest development, and his personal research achievements over his lengthy career in this field. - Author(s): H. Dyball
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, page: 261 –261
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.9007
- Type: Article
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An astronomical observatory that will detect signals and image regions of space within and outside our galaxy with more clarity than has previously been possible is being constructed through an international collaboration between Europe, North America and East Asia. In this issue, a participating team from the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK have presented their latest research towards realising the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre array (ALMA) which is due for completion in 2012. - Author(s): H. Dyball
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, page: 262 –262
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.9009
- Type: Article
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The first broadband high-power quantum dot superluminsecent diodes (QD-SLDs) to have been intermixed to have a significant blue-shift in their operating wavelength have been demonstrated by researchers at the University of Sheffield in the UK. This result could open the door to high bandwidth active devices comprising regions of different wavelengths that could meet the demands of, for example, optical imaging of the eye and other skin tissue.
Interview
A dish best served cold
Intermix and match
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- Author(s): H.-W. Liu and C.-F. Yang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 265 –266
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3080
- Type: Article
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A miniature hook-shaped monopole antenna is presented for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. This microstrip-fed antenna consists of a multi-branch radiator with overall dimensions of only 10 (L)×10 (W)×1.6 (H)mm to be easily embedded in various portable devices and with a wide impedance bandwidth covering 3–10.7 GHz. Omnidirectional radiation patterns with appreciable gain across the operating band can be obtained. Reasonably good transmission characteristic and group delay also show that the proposed broadband antenna is well suited for applications in UWB systems. - Author(s): J.-X. Niu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 266 –268
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3142
- Type: Article
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A dual-band dual-mode patch antenna based on the resonant-type metamaterial transmission line is proposed. The resonant-type metamaterial transmission line can provide zeroth-mode resonance at the lower frequency and positive-mode resonance at the upper frequency. For improvement of radiation efficiency, a complementary single split ring resonator is introduced to realise the resonant-type metamaterial transmission line. The equivalent circuit model is applied to analyse and design the proposed antenna. This antenna exhibits monopole-like radiation pattern in the lower band and patch-like radiation pattern in the upper band. Simulation and experimental results are used to verify the theoretical prediction. - Author(s): A. Buffi ; R. Caso ; M.R. Pino ; P. Nepa ; G. Manara
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 268 –269
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3545
- Type: Article
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A novel single-feed circularly polarised aperture-coupled square patch is presented, where a square ring slot has been adopted to implement the coupling mechanism. By introducing some simple modifications of the square ring and patch geometries (namely a couple of meanders and slots), a 3 dB axial ratio fractional bandwidth of up to 9% is achieved. Explicit reference is made to the design of a WiMax antenna operating in the 3.3–3.8 GHz frequency band. The antenna has been fabricated and characterised. - Author(s): A.A. Khan and A.K. Brown
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 270 –271
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.0140
- Type: Article
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This reported work concerns the wideband performance of small linear uniformly spaced arrays in the presence of mutual coupling when used in beam scanning applications. Optimum pattern bandwidth performance is obtained by implementing a particle swarm optimiser with Schelkunoff's unit circle approach. Performance comparison has been made with a conventional Taylor distribution.
Miniature hook-shaped monopole antenna for UWB applications
Dual-band dual-mode patch antenna based on resonant-type metamaterial transmission line
Single-feed circularly polarised aperture-coupled square ring slot microstrip antenna
Wideband scanning small linear arrays in presence of mutual coupling
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- Author(s): J. Raman ; P. Rombouts ; L. Weyten
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 271 –273
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3297
- Type: Article
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A simple quadrature oscillator for the built-in self-test (BIST) of integrated analogue filters is proposed. A new hardware-efficient approach for amplitude control is described, the main assets being: (i) the technique requires little hardware, which makes it very useful for BIST; (ii) the oscillation amplitude is well defined, and (iii) the distortion-level introduced by the amplitude control loop is under the control of the designer. - Author(s): T. Azam ; B. Cheng ; S. Roy ; D.R.S. Cumming
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 273 –274
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2817
- Type: Article
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An asymmetric 6T-SRAM cell design is presented for reliable low-power circuit operation under large variability. A low overhead write assist circuit is added to increase the write-noise-margin (WNM) and improve the write speed/power. Sizing is used to strengthen the pull-down transistor of the feedback inverter of the single ended read circuit to enhance the static-noise-margin (SNM). Monte Carlo simulations indicate a 90% improvement in SNM and a boost in the WNM of 108% compared to the conventional 6T-SRAM design. Comparative analysis of a 65nm 64×32 bit SRAM designed using both SRAM cells (Symmetric-6T and Asymmetric-6T) shows the write delay and power decrease by 46% and 35%, respectively, while total power decreases by 52% using the proposed design. - Author(s): T. Wang and G.C. Temes
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 275 –276
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2446
- Type: Article
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A new tuning technique is proposed for Gm-C filters. The transconductance cells are tuned using switched resistors (SRs), which change the equivalent reference resistance of each cell. In the tuning circuit, the equivalent resistance of an SR branch is forced to equal that of a switched-capacitor (SC) branch by a feedback loop containing a continuous-time comparator. Thus, using the output of the loop all time constants of the Gm-C filter can be tuned simultaneously. The simulation of a second-order Butterworth filter is described to verify the effectiveness and excellent linearity of the proposed tuning method. - Author(s): Y. Lakys and A. Fabre
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 276 –277
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3249
- Type: Article
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A new family of second-order filters is introduced. When an external voltage amplifier is added to a second-order filter cell (passive or active), the characteristic frequency of the resulting filter can then be modified by acting only on the value of the gain of this amplifier. All the properties of these new filters are examined. Simulation results of a practical example are given to confirm the theoretical analysis.
Simple quadrature oscillator for BIST
Robust asymmetric 6T-SRAM cell for low-power operation in nano-CMOS technologies
Switched-R tuning technique for Gm-C filters
Shadow filters – new family of second-order filters
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- Author(s): E. Schmidgall ; R.A. Walters ; A. Centeno ; P.K. Petrov ; N.McN. Alford
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 277 –278
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3504
- Type: Article
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Bilayer structures of Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3/Ba0.75Sr0.25TiO3 were deposited in-situ on MgO substrates using pulsed laser deposition. To investigate the electrical properties, interdigital capacitor structures were patterned on the top of the film using photolithography followed by ion-milling processes. The capacitance and the tunability of the structures were measured between 100 and 400 K in the frequency range 1 to 3 GHz. The temperature coefficient of capacitance was evaluated and compared against the same structure patterned on a Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin film. The dielectric constant of the thin film was evaluated using a conformal transformation. It was seen that the bilayer structure had a much improved temperature coefficient of capacitance but a lower dielectric constant.
Temperature stable BaxSr1-xTiO3 thin film structures for microwave devices
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- Author(s): S. Ben Dhia ; A. Boyer ; B. Li ; A. Cisse Ndoye
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 278 –280
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2885
- Type: Article
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Presented is an original study about the effects of integrated circuit aging on electromagnetic emission and immunity to radio frequency interferences. For the first time an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) qualification procedure is proposed to quantify the EMC level variation over the full lifetime of a component. Results presented show non-negligible variations of the emission and immunity thresholds after accelerated life tests, which could seriously deteriorate EMC margins required to ensure compliance with standard EMC levels.
Characterisation of electromagnetic compatibility drifts of nanoscale integrated circuit after accelerated life tests
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- Author(s): C.-S. Park ; S.-W. Jung ; K.-S. Choi ; S.-J. Ko
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 280 –282
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2731
- Type: Article
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Proposed is a fast encoding algorithm which avoids the repetition of the motion estimation process in the current scalable video coding (SVC) codec. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce encoding time by 29.69–37.80%, while the coding performance of the SVC codec adopting the proposed algorithm is exactly the same as that of the original one. - Author(s): A. Vießmann ; A. Waadt ; C. Spiegel ; C. Kocks ; A. Burnic ; P. Jung ; G.H. Bruck ; J. Kim ; J. Lim ; H.W. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 282 –283
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2259
- Type: Article
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To support high-definition television, the revision of DVB-T, the terrestrial digital video broadcasting standard, has recently been developed under the abbreviation DVB-T2. The provision of the anticipated high data rate services requires highly accurate synchronisation and frequency acquisition and tracking. Setting out from the procedure defined by the DVB-T2 implementation guidelines provided by the DVB-T2 standardisation community, a modified, yet implementation-friendly synchronisation algorithm has been developed. Simulation results show a similar performance for synchronisation and frequency offset estimation, as well as the detection of the signalling information contained in the preamble P1 with a significant reduction of the implementation complexity.
Fast encoding algorithm avoiding repetition of motion estimation in scalable video coding
Implementation-friendly synchronisation algorithm for DVB-T2
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- Author(s): Y. Lee ; B. Ellison ; P. Huggard ; M. Harman ; A. Boughriet ; W. Bartynowski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 283 –285
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3465
- Type: Article
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Several techniques for measuring the radiometric temperature (brightness) of a refrigerated dry calibration load for ALMA front-end verification are presented. The brightness of the load including the effects of the cryostat window is estimated using different techniques and compared at frequencies up to 1 THz. Measured results are compared with those obtained by a conventional calibration technique using a cooled receiver. The brightness estimated by the aforementioned methods show good agreement at lower ALMA bands (below 400 GHz) with increased deviation at higher frequencies.
Characterisation of dry cold load for ALMA front-end verification
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- Author(s): H.X. Xu ; G.M. Wang ; C.X. Zhang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 285 –287
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3139
- Type: Article
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An ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter is presented, with excellent passband performance and improved out-of-band sharpened rejection. It is constructed with Koch island-shaped stepped impedance lines and a composite right/left handed transmission line synthesised by etching a Koch fractal-shaped ring slot in the ground plane and a series capacitive gap in the conductor strip. The equivalent circuit model of the proposed structure is presented and the electrical parameters are also extracted. The UWB filter is designed and implemented to experimentally demonstrate the enhanced performance. Numerical and measurement results show that good performance, such as low return and insertion loss over the UWB passband and sharpened rejection skirts outside the UWB passband, is achieved. Furthermore, the structure is compact in size. - Author(s): A. Enayati ; S. Brebels ; W. Deraedt ; G.A.E. Vandenbosch
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 287 –288
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3262
- Type: Article
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A vertical multilayer transition for millimetre-wave frequencies is introduced and implemented in IMEC multi-chip module (MCM) technology. Simulation and measurement results for a back-to-back CPW-to-microstrip transition prototype show excellent agreement. Moreover, the microstrip-to-microstrip vertical via-less transition, as the core idea that is introduced, demonstrates less than 0.7 dB of loss in the band from 57 to 66 GHz, which satisfies the European as well as US standard bandwidth for 60 GHz communications systems. The low insertion loss along with the straightforward design procedure makes the proposed vertical via-less transition a valuable candidate for 60 GHz communications systems.
Fractal-shaped UWB bandpass filter based on composite right/left handed transmission line
Vertical via-less transition in MCM technology for millimetre-wave applications
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- Author(s): J. Wang and J. Sun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 288 –290
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3381
- Type: Article
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A report is presented on all-optical logic XOR operation for high-speed carrier-suppressed return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying (CSRZ-DPSK) signals based on cascaded sum- and difference-frequency generation (cSFG/DFG) in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide. The linear relationship of complex amplitudes between the converted idler and input signals enables a CSRZ-DPSK logic XOR gate with the converted idler carrying the RZ-DPSK format. An all-optical logic XOR gate for 40 Gbit/s CSRZ-DPSK signals is demonstrated in the experiment. Dual-channel-output and wavelength variable-in variable-out operations are also shown for the PPLN-based CSRZ-DPSK logic XOR gate. - Author(s): F.J. Ghosna and M.J.N. Sibley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 290 –291
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3650
- Type: Article
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The rapid and significant development of communications links between satellites has made it possible to use various applications such as relay voice, video, multimedia, etc. As a result, much research has been carried out in this field during recent years to reduce power consumption and increase transmission reliability. This reported work focuses on analysis of intersatellite links in free space, with optical links using laser sources being considered in particular. The use of several different coding schemes are discussed for use in such links: multiple pulse position modulation (MPPM); digital pulse position modulation (DPPM); Dicode pulse position modulation (Dicode PPM). Work has been carried out to compare these coding schemes in terms of error weightings and coding efficiency through showing how the PCM error rate is affected by false alarm and erasure errors for MPPM, DPPM and Dicode PPM coding 3 bits of PCM. Comparison between these coding schemes is drawn in terms of sensitivity and bandwidth efficiency.
All-optical logic XOR gate for high-speed CSRZ-DPSK signals based on cSFG/DFG in PPLN waveguide
Pulse position modulation coding schemes for optical intersatellite links
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- Author(s): A.A. Contreras ; T.K. Moon ; A. Dasu ; J.H. Gunther
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 291 –293
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2193
- Type: Article
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A model is proposed to mitigate the communication problem in 3D integrated circuits caused by the breaks at the through-silicon vias (TSVs). Using a low-complexity network, the introduction of redundant TSVs makes it possible to reroute around breaks to maintain effective communication between layers.
Micronetworking: reliable communication on 3D integrated circuits
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- Author(s): F. Zhang ; S. Fu ; J. Wu ; K. Xu ; X. Sun ; W. Li ; Y. Li ; X. Hong ; Y. Zuo ; J. Lin ; P. Shum
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 293 –295
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3601
- Type: Article
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A controllable microwave phase inverter with π phase shifting is proposed using two cascaded electro-optic intensity modulators. The phase inversion of a 10 GHz radio frequency signal controlled by a 1 Gbit/s electrical signal is experimentally demonstrated. The bandwidth of the input microwave signal and the speed of the electrical control signal can be significantly extended thanks to the high modulation speed of the electro-optic modulators. - Author(s): Q. Jiang ; Z.Y. Zhang ; M. Hopkinson ; R.A. Hogg
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 295 –296
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3550
- Type: Article
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A 1.2 µm high power and broadband quantum dot superluminescent diode has been successfully realised by post-growth annealing process on a p-doped InAs/InGaAs dot in well structure. The device exhibits a high output power of above 190 mW with ∼80 nm bandwidth.
Controllable microwave phase inverter using two cascaded electro-optic intensity modulators
High performance intermixed p-doped quantum dot superluminescent diodes at 1.2 µm
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- Author(s): A. Chini and F. Soci
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 296 –298
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2903
- Type: Article
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A novel implementation of a solar harvester circuit based on a boost DC/DC converter topology is presented. The proposed circuit is able to harvest solar energy down to a power level of 1.6 mW while maintaining comparable performance with previously presented results at higher power levels.
Boost-converter-based solar harvester for low power applications
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- Author(s): Z. Shen ; J. Georgy ; M.J. Korenberg ; A. Noureldin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 298 –299
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2507
- Type: Article
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An enhanced low-cost 2D vehicular navigation solution is described, which involves a reduced inertial sensor system (RISS) and a global positioning system (GPS). Micro-electro-mechanical-system based inertial sensors are used in the research owing to their low cost, low power consumption and small size. To improve the overall accuracy even in GPS-denied environments, fast orthogonal search (FOS) is introduced to augment Kalman filter (KF)-based RISS/GPS integration. By modelling and reducing system errors, the proposed KF/FOS module offers significant improvements to the navigation performance as demonstrated by road tests on a land vehicle.
FOS-based modelling of reduced inertial sensor system errors for 2D vehicular navigation
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- Author(s): M. Alomari ; A. Dussaigne ; D. Martin ; N. Grandjean ; C. Gaquière ; E. Kohn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 299 –301
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2937
- Type: Article
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AlGaN/GaN HEMTs have been fabricated directly on (111) oriented single crystal diamond with 1.3 × 1013 cm−2 channel sheet charge density and 731 cm2/Vs mobility. 0.2 µm gate length devices showed 0.73 A/mm maximum drain current density and fT and fmax cutoff frequencies of 21 and 42 GHz. - Author(s): S. Taking ; A. Banerjee ; H. Zhou ; X. Li ; A.Z. Khokhar ; R. Oxland ; I. McGregor ; S. Bentley ; F. Rahman ; I. Thayne ; A.M. Dabiran ; A.M. Wowchak ; B. Cui ; E. Wasige
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 301 –302
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2781
- Type: Article
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A simple method is reported for fabrication of AlN/GaN MOS-HEMTs. Ultra-thin Al2O3, which is formed using thermal oxidation of evaporated Al, was used for surface passivation and as a gate dielectric. Prior to formation of Al2O3, the Al protects the very sensitive AlN epilayer from exposure to processing liquid chemicals. Fabricated two-finger AlN/GaN MOS-HEMTs with 3 µm gate length and 200 µm gate width showed good gate control of drain currents up to a gate bias of 3 V and achieved a maximum drain current, IDSmax, of ∼900 mA/mm. The peak extrinsic transconductance, Gmax, of the device is ∼100 mS/mm at VDS = 8 V. Capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of Al2O3/AlN/GaN circular test MOS structures were observed and measured. They exhibited no hysteresis, indicating the good quality of the thermally grown Al2O3 for realising AlN/GaN MOS-HEMTs for high power and high frequency applications.
AlGaN/GaN HEMT on (111) single crystalline diamond
Surface passivation of AlN/GaN MOS-HEMTs using ultra-thin Al2O3 formed by thermal oxidation of evaporated aluminium
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- Author(s): B. Twala
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 302 –304
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2206
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The issue of handling sensor measurement data over single and multiple lag delays is considered using model-based imputation strategies for a multi-sensor tracking prediction problem. The effectiveness of two model-based imputation procedures against five out-of-sequence measurement (OOSM) methods is investigated using Monte Carlo simulation experiments. For single lag, estimates of target tracking computed from the observed data and those based on imputed data were equally unbiased; however, the Kalman filter (KF) estimates obtained using the Bayesian framework (BF-KF) were more precise. For multi-lag delayed measurements, there were significant differences in precision between multiple imputation and OOSM methods, with the former exhibiting a superior performance at nearly all levels of probability of measurement delay and range of manoeuvring indices. - Author(s): E. Sejdić and I. Djurović
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 304 –306
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2334
- Type: Article
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Time-frequency representations of signals obtained by the S-transform can be very sensitive to the presence of α– stable noise. An algorithm for the robust S-transform is introduced. The proposed scheme is based on the L-DFT. The results of conducted numerical analysis show a significantly enhanced performance of the proposed scheme compared to the standard S-transform.
Handling out-of-sequence data using model-based statistical imputation
Robust S-transform based on L-DFT
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- Author(s): Y. Jeong ; H. Choi ; C.D. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 306 –307
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3147
- Type: Article
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An experiment was performed on the signal cancellation loop that utilises a carrier wave (CW) and wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) signals to show that negative group delays can be used to cancel out positive group delays. According to the closed loop measurements, a 30 dB signal cancellation for a CW signal and a WCDMA 4FA signal were obtained over a 30 MHz bandwidth at the WCDMA downlink band, with a fabricated two-stage planar negative group delay circuit. - Author(s): H. Ebrahimzad and A. Mohammadi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 307 –308
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2928
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The diversity-multiplexing trade-off (DMT) in shadowed fading channels is evaluated while the multiple antenna technique is used at the transmit or receive sides. It is shown that, at infinite signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the asymptotic DMT is not affected by lognormal shadowing. However, the shadowing phenomenon can dramatically reduce the finite SNR DMT. - Author(s): T.W.C. Brown ; P.C.F. Eggers ; G.F. Pedersen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 46, Issue 4, p. 309 –310
- DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.3282
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Analysis of simultaneous 4×4 MIMO channel measurements at 5 GHz are discussed that evidence the impact of user interaction on mobile terminals that will significantly impact the signal to interference ratio between two users. Results indicate that branch power ratio on a mobile, which results from user interaction, will impact both its interference to other users but also its own signal to interference ratio. User interactions both in talk position and texting position are considered.
Experimental verification for time advancement of negative group delay in RF electronic circuits
Diversity multiplexing trade-off in shadowed fading SIMO/MISO channels
Experimental interference assessment between two independent and simultaneous 4 × 4 MIMO handset user links operating at 5 GHz
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Experimental verification of on-chip CMOS fractional-order capacitor emulators
- Author(s): G. Tsirimokou ; C. Psychalinos ; A.S. Elwakil ; K.N. Salama
- Type: Article
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54 Gbit/s OOK transmission using single-mode VCSEL up to 2.2 km MMF
- Author(s): G. Stepniak ; A. Lewandowski ; J.R. Kropp ; N.N. Ledentsov ; V.A. Shchukin ; N. Ledentsov Jr. ; G. Schaefer ; M. Agustin ; J.P. Turkiewicz
- Type: Article
