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Electronics Letters
Volume 45, Issue 2, 15 January 2009
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Volume 45, Issue 2
15 January 2009
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- Author(s): A.J. Lopez-Martin ; J. Ramírez-Angulo ; R.G. Carvajal ; L. Acosta
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 89 –90
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20092270
- Type: Article
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A novel class AB unity gain voltage buffer is proposed. It is based on the use of quasi-floating gate (QFG) techniques in a super source follower topology. The circuit achieves dynamic current boosting with accurate control of quiescent currents and without penalty in supply voltage requirements or quiescent power consumption. Measurement results of the circuit, fabricated in a 0.5 µm CMOS technology, show a slew-rate enhancement by a factor 18.5 against the conventional super source follower, for the same bias current and supply voltage.
Power-efficient class AB CMOS buffer
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- Author(s): O. Delangre ; P. De Doncker ; M. Lienard ; P. Degauque
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 90 –92
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20093099
- Type: Article
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A new closed-form expression for the autocorrelation function of the electric field as a function of the rotation angle of the stirrer is proposed. It allows the quantification of the influence of the stirrer radius on the stirring efficiency. A comparison between theoretical and experimental results is also given. - Author(s): Y. Yu and J. Choi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 92 –94
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20092026
- Type: Article
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A multiband inverted-F antenna that operates over WiBro, WLAN, WiMax and S-DMB frequency bands is proposed. The antenna consists of an inverted-F element and four stubs. The measured return loss of the designed antenna over the frequency band of interest is better than 10 dB. Good return loss and radiation pattern characteristics have been obtained in the desired frequency band. - Author(s): A. Rashidian and D.M. Klymyshyn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 94 –95
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20092833
- Type: Article
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A simple and broadband, microstrip-fed high aspect ratio dielectric resonator antenna is presented and fabricated. The broadband characteristic is achieved by merging the resonances of two appropriate modes of the antenna. The measured antenna bandwidth can exceed 16% with dielectric constant of 25. The approach provides stable radiation patterns as well as low cross-polarisation levels over the entire bandwidth.
Analytical angular correlation function in mode-stirred reverberation chamber
Compact internal inverted-F antenna for USB dongle applications
Microstrip-fed high aspect ratio dielectric resonator antenna with dual-resonance broadband characteristics
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- Author(s): R. Castro-López ; E. Roca ; F.V. Fernández
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 95 –97
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20091795
- Type: Article
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Multimode Pareto-optimal fronts are presented. This is a novel concept that can be key in the design of reconfigurable analogue circuits, because it contains information not only on the trade-offs among the circuit performances, but also on its reconfiguration capabilities. A method to generate the front, relying on evolutionary optimisation, and a general dominance sorting algorithm that guides the optimisation, are both described. - Author(s): D. Jung ; J.-Y. Cha ; J.-Y. Cha ; S. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 97 –98
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20091975
- Type: Article
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A new DC method is proposed to extract the substrate resistance in MOSFETs by using current-dependent base resistance of parasitic lateral bipolar junction transistor without a complex RF extraction method. The extracted substrate resistance values using the new method match well with those using the RF one, verifying the accuracy of the new method.
Multimode Pareto fronts for design of reconfigurable analogue circuits
Method to extract MOSFET substrate resistance using DC data of base resistance in parasitic BJT
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- Author(s): N. Conci ; M. Carli ; G. Boato
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 98 –100
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20092163
- Type: Article
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One of the major constraints in multiple description coding is the introduction of a variable amount of overhead, which is necessary to achieve a good perceived quality in case one or more descriptors are lost during transmission. In this reported work, data hiding techniques are exploited to optimise the trade-off between redundancy and quality in a two-descriptors scenario.
Data hiding tools for multiple description video coding
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- Author(s): P.-L. Huang ; J.-F. Chang ; Y.-S. Lin ; S.-S. Lu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 100 –102
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20092862
- Type: Article
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A low-insertion-loss V-band CMOS bandpass filter is demonstrated. The proposed filter architecture has the following features: the low-frequency transmission-zero (ωz1) and the high-frequency transmission-zero (ωz2) can be tuned by the series-feedback capacitor Cs and the parallel-feedback capacitor Cp, respectively. To reduce the substrate loss, the CMOS process compatible backside inductively-coupled-plasma (ICP) deep trench technology is used to selectively remove the silicon underneath the filter. After the ICP etching, this filter achieved insertion loss (1/S21) lower than 3 dB over the frequency range 52.5–76.8 GHz. The minimum insertion loss was 2 dB at 63.5 GHz, the best results reported for a V-band CMOS bandpass filter in the literature. - Author(s): B. Yuan and X. Lai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 102 –103
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20092855
- Type: Article
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An on-chip CMOS current-sensing circuit for a DC-DC buck converter is presented. The circuit can measure the inductor current through sensing the voltage of the switch node during the converter on-state. By matching the MOSFETs, the achieved sense ratio is almost independent of temperature, model and supply voltage. The proposed circuit is suitable for low power DC-DC applications with high load current.
Micromachined V-band CMOS bandpass filter with 2 dB insertion loss
On-chip CMOS current-sensing circuit for DC-DC buck converter
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- Author(s): N. Michel ; H. Odriozola ; C.H. Kwok ; M. Ruiz ; M. Calligaro ; M. Lecomte ; O. Parillaud ; M. Krakowski ; M. Xia ; R.V. Penty ; I.H. White ; J.M.G. Tijero ; I. Esquivias
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 103 –105
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20093298
- Type: Article
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A high direct optical modulation amplitude of more than 1.6 W, modulation efficiencies of 20 W/A at 700 Mbit/s and 50 W/A for quasi-static modulation, and a very high optical extinction ratio of 19 dB have been demonstrated in custom-designed gain guided tapered lasers emitting at 1060 nm. The devices were fabricated with split contacts, allowing the separate injection of the ridge waveguide and tapered sections. The modulation of a large output power with low modulating current was achieved by modulating the current injected into the ridge waveguide section of the device. - Author(s): Y.-F. Lao ; C.-F. Cao ; H.-Z. Wu ; M. Cao ; Q. Gong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 105 –107
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20093380
- Type: Article
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1.3 µm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers based on a novel gain media consisting of InAsP/InGaAsP strain-compensated multiple quantum wells are reported. SiO2/TiO2 dielectric thin-film pairs and wafer-bonded GaAs/Al(Ga)As distributed Bragg reflectors are used as the top and bottom cavity mirrors, respectively. The device with a 5 µm-diameter selectively etched tunnel-junction aperture exhibits submilliampere threshold current as low as 0.54 mA and single-transverse mode emission. Maximum output optical power of 1.9 mW was observed in multimode lasing devices. - Author(s): R. Maulini ; I. Dunayevskiy ; A. Lyakh ; A. Tsekoun ; C.K.N. Patel ; L. Diehl ; C. Pflügl ; F. Capasso
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 107 –108
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20093057
- Type: Article
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–108
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A grating-coupled external cavity quantum cascade laser operating in continuous-wave at room temperature is reported. Single-frequency operation tunable over more than 160 cm−1 around the centre wavelength of 4.6 µm has been observed at a chip temperature of 300 K. The maximum optical power at the gain peak was 300 mW, corresponding to a wall-plug efficiency of 6%. Observed power output at the gain bandwidth edges was in excess of 125 mW.
High modulation efficiency and high power 1060 nm tapered lasers with separate contacts
InAsP/InGaAsP quantum-well 1.3 µm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
Widely tunable high-power external cavity quantum cascade laser operating in continuous-wave at room temperature
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- Author(s): V. Issakov ; A. Thiede ; L. Verweyen ; M. Tiebout
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 108 –110
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20092599
- Type: Article
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–110
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A wideband inductorless resistive down-conversion mixer in 0.13 µm CMOS technology is presented. The mixer provides a conversion loss of 9–11.7 dB over a frequency range of 0.5–25 GHz at LO power of 6 dBm. The circuit exhibits an input-referred 1 dB compression point and IIP3 of 4.7 and 11.5 dBm, respectively. The mixer consumes only 0.2 mA from 1.5 V for biasing. The isolation between the ports is higher than 10 dB for the whole frequency range. The circuit is realised without inductors, thus offering very wide bandwidth. The chip size including the pads is 0.23 mm2, and the circuit active area is only 0.014 mm2. - Author(s): J.-L. Li ; S.-W. Qu ; Q. Xue
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 110 –111
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20093246
- Type: Article
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A microstrip lowpass filter with enhanced performance is developed. The studied filter is based on a novel patch resonator that features strong slow-wave effects, and can also implement either an improved roll-off or an enhanced stop-band. A demonstrator filter with 3 dB cutoff frequency fc=2.4 GHz is optimally designed, fabricated and measured. Results indicate that a roll-off of 92.5 dB/GHz together with a relative stop-band bandwidth of 135.5% (referred to a 30 dB suppression) is obtained while achieving a highest figure-of-merit of 10106. Both simulations and measurements are presented and compared. - Author(s): T. Lehmann ; F. Hettstedt ; R. Knoechel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 111 –112
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20093191
- Type: Article
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Novel reconfigurable Wilkinson power dividers with a minimum number of switches are introduced. In the first design, re-routing of output power between one and two ports is achieved with only three switches. A second design employs a switched coupled line transformer, and requires four switches. Both operating modes of the power dividers are matched and achieve a relative bandwidth of approximately 10%. The construction of the dividers and experimental results are presented at 2.14 GHz. - Author(s): X.-P. Chen and K. Wu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 112 –114
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20093085
- Type: Article
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–114
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A self-equalised pseudo-elliptical filter on the basis of substrate integrated waveguide technology is proposed and demonstrated over the Ka-band range. The extracted-pole technique is used to synthesise a sixth-order filter with non-resonating nodes. Measured results of the filter exhibit a high selectivity and a minimum in-band insertion loss of about 2.0 dB and small inband group delay variation.
0.5–25 GHz inductorless single-ended resistive mixer in 0.13 µm CMOS
Compact microstrip lowpass filter with sharp roll-off and wide stop-band
Reconfigurable Wilkinson power dividers with minimum number of switches
Self-equalised pseudo-elliptical filter made of substrate integrated waveguide
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- Author(s): Y. Zhu and I.J. Fair
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 114 –116
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20091870
- Type: Article
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p.
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–116
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In multimode conservative codes for holographic storage, an unconstrained m×n binary array S of source data is added to a set of (m+1)(n+1) control arrays to form the selection set, which is guaranteed to contain at least one conservative array of strength at least t, such that each row and each column of the output array contain at least t transitions. To be able to retrieve the original source data array S during the decoding process, at least ⌈log2(m+1)(n+1)⌉ redundant bits are necessary to index the (m+1)(n+1) control arrays. Presented is a method for embedding the index information of the control arrays into the encoded arrays in a manner which requires only ⌈log2(m+1)⌉+⌈log2(n+1)⌉ redundant bits, thereby attaining high coding efficiency. - Author(s): S. Papaharalabos and P.T. Mathiopoulos
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 116 –117
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20092323
- Type: Article
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A simple, yet effective decoding algorithm is proposed for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, which significantly simplifies the check node update computation of the optimal sum-product algorithm. It achieves essentially optimal performance by applying scaling in the decoder's extrinsic information. If no such scaling is applied, then the proposed algorithm has small performance degradation, e.g. in the order of 0.1 to 0.2 dB, depending on the coded block size. - Author(s): J.-H. Kim ; M.-Y. Nam ; H.-Y. Song
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 117 –119
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20092505
- Type: Article
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Variable-to-check residual belief propagation for LDPC decoding for faster convergence, better error performance and lower complexity is proposed. It is similar to residual belief propagation (RBP) that was recently applied to LDPC decoding by Vila Casado et al. because it is also a dynamic scheduling belief propagation using residuals, but it is different because the residuals are computed from a variable-to-check message. Simulation shows that it outperforms with only a maximum of eight iterations by about 0.3 dB compared with RBP at an FER of 10−4.
Embedded method for indexing control arrays in multimode conservative codes for holographic storage
Simplified sum-product algorithm for decoding LDPC codes with optimal performance
Variable-to-check residual belief propagation for LDPC codes
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- Author(s): E. Torrengo ; S. Camatel ; V. Ferrero
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 119 –121
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20093045
- Type: Article
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An analogue optical phase-locked loop technique called single side sub-carrier phase-locked loop was tested in a 10 Gbit/s real-time coherent BPSK experiment. It was experimentally demonstrated that the novel technique allows use of a 6 GHz electrical voltage controlled oscillator to perform a 10 Gbit/s BPSK analogue coherent detection. - Author(s): M. Atef ; R. Swoboda ; H. Zimmermann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 121 –122
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20093207
- Type: Article
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A front-end optical receiver in 0.6 µm BiCMOS technology is introduced to maintain equally spaced levels and constant output signal swing for multilevel signals at different input optical powers. The symbol error rate measurements for 4-PAM signals show a better sensitivity than with a conventional optical receiver. It is believed that this is the first time that complete performance characteristics for an optical receiver front-end designed especially for multilevel data transmission have been reported. - Author(s): J. Jiang ; D. Richards ; S. Oliva ; P. Green ; R. Hui
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 123 –124
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20092526
- Type: Article
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For the first time the direct monitoring of polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) and polarisation-dependent loss (PDL) in a traffic-carrying transatlantic fibre-optic system without the requirement of looping-back is reported. The impact of transmitter polarisation scrambling in the measured results is analysed and verified by the measured results. - Author(s): R. Kudo ; T. Kobayashi ; K. Ishihara ; Y. Takatori ; A. Sano ; E. Yamada ; H. Masuda ; Y. Miyamoto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 124 –125
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20092322
- Type: Article
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The transmission performance of optical single-carrier (SC) transmission using frequency-domain equalisation (FDE) to counter polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) is evaluated. 25 Gbit/s coherent optical SC transmission using FDE (CO-SC-FDE) is demonstrated in the presence of a significant amount of differential group delay (DGD). The results show that CO-SC-FDE compensates for the influence of the 125 ps DGD; the OSNR penalty is 0.81 dB. - Author(s): M.R. Lorenzen ; D. Noordegraaf ; C.V. Nielsen ; O. Odgaard ; L. Grüner-Nielsen ; K. Rottwitt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 125 –127
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20092757
- Type: Article
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An increased gain in a fibre-optical parametric amplifier through suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering is demonstrated by applying a temperature distribution along the fibre for a fixed phase modulation of the pump. The temperature distribution slightly impacts the gain spectrum.
Optical coherent receiver based on single side sub-carrier phase-locked loop
Optical receiver front-end for multilevel signalling
PMD and PDL monitoring of traffic-carrying transatlantic fibre-optic system
PMD compensation in optical coherent single carrier transmission using frequency-domain equalisation
Suppression of Brillouin scattering in fibre-optical parametric amplifier by applying temperature control and phase modulation
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- Author(s): A.M. Kaplan ; G.P. Agrawal ; D.N. Maywar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 127 –129
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20093124
- Type: Article
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An all-optical flip-flop, the memory of which is based on dispersive bistability in a single vertical cavity semiconductor optical amplifier, is demonstrated experimentally. Flip-flop control is achieved using two mechanisms: cross-phase modulation to set the flip-flop and cross-gain modulation of the holding beam within a remote SOA to reset it. Optical control signals are sub-milliwatt in power and derived from a single 5 ns, 1539 nm initial pulse. Flip-flop operation at 1542 nm is polarisation insensitive to control signals and achieved with an on-off contrast greater than 3 dB.
All-optical flip-flop operation of VCSOA
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- Author(s): T. Ishikawa ; K. Yagyu ; S. Sato ; M. Kikuchi ; Y. Furueda ; K. Takahashi ; H. Taniguchi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 129 –130
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20092246
- Type: Article
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Emission enhancement from an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) device of anthracene solution containing a mixture of highly scattering TiO2 nanoparticles was observed. It was confirmed experimentally that there exists an optimum quantity of the highly scattering TiO2 nanoparticles assisting the emission enhancement in the ECL device of anthracene solution.
Emission enhancement of electrochemiluminescence device by mixing highly scattering medium
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- Author(s): A. Noor and Z. Hu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 130 –131
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20093279
- Type: Article
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A novel thin metamaterial wideband radar absorber formed by two layers of resistive Hilbert curve arrays is reported. HFSS simulations reveal a reduction in the monostatic radar cross-section of more than 10 dB from 8 to 18.8 GHz (81% fractional bandwidth) for Ex and 9.1 to 20.7 GHz (78% fractional bandwidth) for Ey polarisations, respectively. This bandwidth is significantly wider than those reported so far for space filling curve array based absorbers. The structure has a thickness of only 0.17λ at fo (14.2 GHz). The lateral dimensions are only 0.2λ×0.2λ per unit cell at fo, which is several times smaller than that of recently reported circuit analogue absorbers operating in the similar frequency band, thus suppressing diffraction effects.
Dual polarised wideband metamaterial radar absorbing screen based on resistive Hilbert curve array
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- Author(s): H. Gokalp ; G.Y. Taflan ; S. Salous
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 45, Issue 2, p. 132 –133
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20093358
- Type: Article
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He is shown that Prony modelling can be used to reduce the effect of in-band interference in frequency modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) channel data. Results of the modelling are examined by comparing average power delay profiles and Doppler spectra with those obtained from FFT processing.
In-band interference reduction in FMCW channel data using Prony modelling
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